A dangerous precancerous condition (in thirty percent of cases it develops into oncology) is characterized by a violation of the layers of the epithelium at the cellular level. The disease is a pathology with disordered cell growth, damage to tissues and mucous membranes of the female genital organ. These changes are both superficial and deeper damage.
What is this disease?
Cervical dysplasia is a pathology of the cellular structure of the upper layer of cervical tissue. It is characterized by a precancerous condition.
It is worth noting that the violation is not an erosion, but acts as an independent disease. Dysplasia is a change in tissues at the cellular level, while erosion is a mechanical damage to tissues with a displacement of the boundaries of the cylindrical epithelium. However, advanced cases of erosion become a factor in the appearance of dysplasia with the subsequent development of malignant cancerous tumors.
Timely treatment will prevent cancer cells from developing and will contribute to a full recovery.
Dysplasia from a doctor's point of view
Cervical dysplasia is a change in the structure of cellscervix, which occurs under the influence of a pathogenic factor. The condition is dangerous because with a weakened immune system, dysplasia flows into more serious stages and, in the end, into a malignant form. Often, dysplasia is asymptomatic and can only be detected during a gynecological examination.
The task of a doctor who regularly examines patients is to visually assess the signs of the presence of altered cells on the surface of the cervix, and also to do a Pap test. The results of the PAP test will show the presence or absence of abnormal cells in the sample. In the event that altered cells are present, and there are also visual signs of dysplasia, the doctor should refer the patient for colposcopy. During colposcopy, a specialist uses a microscope to study the reaction of cells to various applied solutions. Thus, the size of the changed area is revealed and the degree of dysplasia is assessed.
In the initial stages of dysplasia, regular monitoring of patients should be carried out. If there are signs of third-degree dysplasia or a malignant change is suspected, the doctor should perform a biopsy, in which a piece of the altered tissue is taken for histological analysis. With confirmed grade III dysplasia, surgical treatment is recommended. If malignant cells were detected by histological analysis, the patient is referred to an oncologist for further treatment.
Reasons
The main cause of cervical dysplasia is papillomavirus type 16 or 18,which is oncogenic. In the presence of this virus, dysplasia appears after a year and a half.
The following have a great influence on the occurrence of this disease:
- Regular abortions.
- Taking hormonal medications.
- High or low levels of hormones in the body.
- Chronic genital infections.
- Premature sexual initiation.
- Using nicotine.
- Unbalanced diet.
- Genetic factors.
- Injuries of the mucous membrane of the cervix.
- Promiscuous sex life.
- Many pregnancies and births.
- Oncological disease of the head of the partner's penis.
- Pathological processes of the uterus.
- Adolescent birth.
- Low immunity.
Symptoms
Cervical dysplasia is generally considered a dangerous and serious disease for female reproductive organs, which often has signs of other diseases and can pass without any signs for a long time. In this case, the patient may have symptoms that are characteristic of other diseases.
There are three periods. The main symptoms of cervical dysplasia, by which this disease can be detected, appear in the third stage. However, even then, the symptoms are not pronounced and do not allow one hundred percent to identify dysplasia. Several signs are known, due to which this disease can be detected, despite its almost asymptomaticleakage.
The most basic symptom of cervical dysplasia is frequent pain, discomfort and unhe althy sensations in the lower abdomen, pain during intercourse, which become stronger during the menstrual period.
Degrees of dysplasia
Depending on the damage to the mucosa, there are such degrees of cervical dysplasia:
- The first or mildest degree of pathology. Covers epithelial cells located in the upper layers, no more than 1/3 of the volume. Most often it has no symptoms, it is difficult to diagnose. It is very difficult to determine the disease at this stage. In more than fifty percent of cases, it resolves on its own after the removal of the virus from the body. After 1-2 years, 9 out of 10 women are no longer diagnosed in blood tests. 11% of patients progress to the second stage.
- Second or moderate degree of pathology. Covers half of the volume of damaged cells. In 70% of cases, recovery occurs within a couple of years after the start of treatment. 22% of patients progress to the third stage.
- Third or complex degree of pathology. Damaged the entire epithelium of the cervix. Affected cells do not spread to other organs, tissues, vessels. In the absence of proper treatment, an oncological disease develops, which further leads to infertility, removal of the ovaries, uterus.
The consequences of cervical dysplasia of the first stage in most patients go away on their own. Thanks to strong immunity, after six to twelve months, the virus ceases to be detected in the human body. Very few patients have no movementthe disease does not develop, and in 11% the disease develops from the first to the second stage.
In the second stage, patients can also self-medicate after the papilloma virus is eliminated from the body, a long-term stable course of the disease can also be monitored, but in about 22% of women, dysplasia passes into the third stage. Then, the formation of malignant cells (cancer) appears in the dysplasia of the cervix, usually this process takes from two to ten years, but a rapid course of the disease in several months is also possible.
The main symptoms are spotting regardless of the woman's menstrual cycle. In the later stages, there is an increase in temperature, severe pain, swelling, general exhaustion of the body. However, the probability of transition to the third stage of cervical dysplasia is from ten to thirty percent. This is due to different age categories, methods of contraception, lifestyle.
Pregnancy and female illness
The period of gestation is a very important stage in a woman's life, and if a gynecologist discovers at this time she has such a diagnosis as cervical dysplasia, this can cause concern. This diagnosis is quite common, but rarely can harm the unborn child. This pathology does not affect the fetus and its development, as well as the function of the placenta.
In turn, pregnancy also cannot affect the pathology. Moreover, during examination, a pregnant woman may experience pseudo-erosion, which can develop under the influence of changes infemale hormonal balance. With pseudo-erosion, the cells that were previously in the cervical canal are displaced towards the vagina. Pseudo-erosion resembles a corolla located in the center of the uterus. If before the conception of a child, as a result of tests, a woman did not have uterine dysplasia, then it is not necessary to undergo examinations.
If a pregnant woman has not been tested for the presence of HPV for a long time, then in this case, at any period of gestation, the gynecologist is obliged to take material for analysis. If the result is negative, the next control over the pathology of the uterus must be carried out only one year after the birth of the child. If the result indicates the presence of the first stage of the disease, then a colposcopy and examination by a gynecologist is necessary a year after childbirth. If dysplasia is detected in the stage of moderate severity, colposcopy is prescribed, and external control must be performed immediately after the birth of the child.
It is also possible to detect a severe stage of cervical dysplasia. Pregnancy and bearing in this case should occur under the supervision of a specialist. The gynecologist selects pathologically altered cells for examination in the laboratory. If, as a result of the tests, the diagnosis was confirmed, then every 3 months the colposcopy is repeated until the very birth. If a woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer during pregnancy, an urgent consultation with an oncologist is necessary.
Diagnosis
To diagnose cervical dysplasia, an external examination by a specialist is first carried out, as well as an internal examination on a gynecological chair, the doctor evaluates the mucous membrane, throat area, colorvagina, uniformity of the epithelium. Next, a cytological analysis of a cervical smear is taken, and the higher the degree of dysplasia, the more accurate the result will be. The process takes a few seconds and is completely painless. This test can detect cancer cells.
However, more research will be needed to make a diagnosis.
Colposcopy is carried out with a special device called a colonoscope, in which an examination is carried out from the inside. A device with a camera is inserted into the vagina and the overall picture is viewed at a 30x magnification. If signs of cervical dysplasia are found, then additional studies are assigned.
How is a biopsy performed? A piece of cervical tissue is taken for examination. In general, the procedure is painless, but in too sensitive patients, the biopsy is done under local anesthesia. A biopsy allows you to study the structure of cells, the arrangement of layers, their composition and quantity. This type of research is a 100% result for making a diagnosis. In addition, the doctor prescribes a general blood and urine test, in which the composition of the blood will be assessed.
Depending on the stage and after the diagnosis, in some cases, the doctor prescribes radio wave treatment for cervical dysplasia.
Medication Therapy
With timely access to a gynecologist, cervical dysplasia is determined in the early stages. The cause of dysplasia is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which provokes this pathology. With dysplasia I and IIdegree, drug therapy is often used, since tissue self-healing is possible. It is not always possible to achieve the desired effect. Upon receipt of two positive results of cytological studies with an interval of 3-4 months and confirmation of the diagnosis, surgical intervention is prescribed. Treatment of grade III dysplasia is performed by a gynecologist-oncologist surgically. After that, rehabilitation therapy is prescribed, the result of which depends on the stage, age and individual characteristics of the patient. Anti-inflammatory therapy is aimed at suppressing the source of infection. Often there is a reduction in the lesion or complete elimination.
During treatment, the attending physician tries to achieve the following results:
- relieve inflammation from affected tissue;
- restore the microflora of the vagina;
- restore normal functioning of epithelial tissue;
- increase the body's resistance (immunity).
During drug treatment, immunostimulants, minerals and vitamins play an important role, which increase the body's resistance.
Immunostimulants include:
- "Isoprinosine", interferon-alpha 2 and "Prodigiosan". They help strengthen the immune system and activate the production of immune cells that fight viruses and bacteria.
- Vitamin and mineral complexes containing vitamins A, E, C, folic acid and selenium. The complexes normalize the processes of cell division, do not allow epithelial tissues to collapse andcontribute to their recovery.
- Vitamin E and selenium slow down the hemolysis of red blood cells and inhibit the oxidation of fatty acids.
- Vitamin C regulates blood clotting, prevents the development of hypersensitivity reactions, normalizes the permeability of capillary walls and reduces inflammation.
Antiviral drugs and antibiotics are prescribed by a doctor in severe cases, self-medication is unacceptable. The use of drug therapy in neoplastic processes is ineffective. In 65-70% of cases of this unpleasant female disease, surgery is required, after which medication is prescribed.
What is folk treatment and are there any contraindications?
It is advisable to treat cervical dysplasia with the use of folk remedies only at the 1st stage. At other stages, they can be used in conjunction with medications. Individual intolerance, pregnancy and lactation can serve as a contraindication to their use. Sometimes folk remedies are incompatible with medications.
Infusions for oral use
The upland uterus has strong antitumor and antiseptic properties. Inside, it is recommended to take its alcohol infusion. Alternative treatment of cervical dysplasia is carried out in the following ways.
For cooking, fill the grass with vodka at the rate of 100 ml per 1 tbsp. l. plants and insist up to 30 days. After the specified period, the medicine can be taken, previously diluted with a small amount of water, two to three times a day.
To prepare another medicinal infusion, you will need to take vitex (2 parts), burdock root (1 part), astragalus (1 part) and clover flowers (1 part). For 5 tsp. herbs will need 1 liter of water. After filling the plants with liquid, they need to be boiled over low heat for several minutes. After let it brew in a sealed container. This solution is applied three times a day before meals. Strain it before drinking.
Douching, baths and lotions
If the question arises of what to do with cervical dysplasia at home, then you can pay attention to washing. With it, for effective treatment, it is recommended to add herbal infusions and decoctions to the water. To do this, use a celandine. The dried plant should be poured with boiling water at the rate of 1 cup per spoonful of grass. Then leave in a closed container.
Instead of decoction, oil can also be used. To prepare it, you need to leave the herb with the addition of hot vegetable oil (1 cup per 3 tablespoons of celandine) for about an hour, and then strain. Add the finished mixture to the wash water or use to soak a tampon.
Baths with the addition of green tea will have a good effect. It can also be used for douching. For 3 tablespoons of tea you will need 250 ml of boiling water. You should not prepare the infusion for the future, it is recommended to make fresh for each procedure.
For local lotions, use sea buckthorn. It is necessary to withstand for one to two weeks the flowers, filled with warmed olive oil. This tool speeds upthe process of tissue regeneration and helps to relieve inflammation. Another effective ingredient for lotions is aloe juice.
Various discharge from the vagina containing blood or pus, and their pathological increase can be a serious sign of cervical dysplasia. You should also pay attention to itching and pain in this disease, as well as a burning sensation. All this is a serious sign and signals the need for an urgent visit to a specialized institution. Women's he alth requires special attention.
