Severe cervical dysplasia is a dangerous gynecological disease that can lead to infertility or oncological complications. Modern techniques allow you to completely get rid of troubles. It is important not to delay therapy and seek help when the first symptoms of the disease appear.
Description of the pathological process
The development of dysplasia is said if atypical changes are observed in the vaginal part of the epithelium of the uterus. With the timely detection of the disease, the pathological process can be completely stopped. If you refuse therapy, irreversible precancerous processes begin on the cervix. There is a serious threat to the life of the patient.
Unfortunately, at an early stage of the disease, dysplasia may not manifest itself in any way. A reliable method of prevention is regular (at least once every 6 months) examinations by a gynecologist.
The pathological process affects the cellular structures of the mucous membrane of the named organ, inunlike erosion, in which the lesion is more often associated with mechanical damage. The disease is most often diagnosed in women of childbearing age. Statistics show that severe uterine dysplasia occurs in one woman in a thousand. The disease can also lead to incurable infertility.
Stages of disease development
The disease can affect different layers of uterine epithelial cells. Depending on the depth of the pathological process, there are three degrees of dysplasia:
- The mild form is characterized by slight changes in the mucosa. The lower third of the epithelium of the organ is affected.
- When changes appear in the lower and middle third of the epithelium, they speak of moderate dysplasia.
- If the lesion affects all layers of the cell epithelium, a diagnosis of "severe dysplasia" is made. This condition is considered very dangerous, with a high risk of oncological complications.
With severe dysplasia, vessels, nerve endings, muscles are not affected, as with uterine cancer, however, the lack of proper treatment will lead to the rapid progression of the disease.
Normally, uterine epithelial cells have a regular round shape. With the development of the pathological process, the cells become flat, and the epithelium itself becomes shapeless, with multiple nuclei. During the study, it is difficult to distinguish the edges of individual layers.
Why does dysplasia develop?
Most often, severe cervical dysplasia is the result of a human papillomavirus not detected in a timely manner. In 95% of patients to detect pathogenic microflorasucceeds even in general analyses. However, the presence of a virus in the blood does not mean that a woman will have to treat a dangerous disease. The state of the patient's immune system is of great importance. If a person leads an active lifestyle, eats fully and has a good rest, the risk of developing pathological processes in the body is minimized.
Significantly increases the risk of developing cervical dysplasia Smoking, both active and passive. Girls who have an early onset of sexual activity also have an increased risk of developing the disease. Other negative factors include: early childbirth or abortion, trauma to the uterus (including surgery), chronic inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system, any state of immunodeficiency.
How to recognize the disease
At an early stage, the disease practically does not give any clinical manifestations. In 10% of the fairer sex, a latent course of even severe cervical dysplasia is observed. It is often possible to suspect an ailment due to the fact that, against the background of a decrease in local immunity, a secondary infection joins the affected area. Most often, symptoms of colpitis appear, such as burning and itching in the vaginal area, discharge with an unpleasant odor (they may contain blood impurities).
With focal severe dysplasia, there is almost never pain. In rare cases, there may be slight discomfort in the lower abdomen, such as during menstrual bleeding. Against the background of the disease can develop andother pathological processes of the organs of the reproductive system. Often women are diagnosed with genital warts, chlamydia, gonorrhea.
Instrumental diagnostics
Due to the fact that severe cervical dysplasia can occur without obvious clinical signs, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are of great importance. In girls who regularly visit a gynecologist, the risk of developing the disease is minimized. The specialist will be able to suspect the initial stage of dysplasia already during the examination of the patient on the gynecological chair using vaginal mirrors. The reason for a deeper study may be the following signs - a shine around the external os of the uterus, a change in the color of the epithelium, any spots of unknown origin.
If severe dysplasia is suspected, a woman may additionally be prescribed a colposcopy. The study is carried out using a special optical device. An enlarged image of the mucous membrane of the cervix is displayed on the monitor screen.
Laboratory diagnostics
Severe epithelial dysplasia can be confirmed by a cytological examination of the Pap smear. During the examination on the gynecological chair, the specialist takes a scraping from various parts of the epithelium. The resulting biological material is examined under a microscope. If atypical cells are present in it, they can be easily identified. With the help of a cytological study, it is also possible to determine papillomavirus infection.
Mostan informative method for detecting cervical dysplasia is a histological examination. During the examination, the gynecologist takes a piece of epithelial tissue, where a pathological process can presumably develop. The technique also makes it possible to detect malignant cells. An immunological PCR study allows you to decide on the tactics of treatment and confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of cervical dysplasia
The choice of a method for treating a disease depends on the age of the patient, the extent of the lesion, and the degree of the pathological process. At an early stage, it is possible to cope with the disease with the help of medications. Treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis. A woman must also follow general recommendations. Temporarily have to give up sexual intimacy, visits to the sauna and solarium. Excessive exercise is also contraindicated.
Vitamins, hormonal preparations, immunomodulators, probiotics and prebiotics help restore the affected epithelium. Additionally, antiviral therapy is carried out. With dysplasia at an early stage, the means "Acyclovir", "Viferon" are widely used.
Surgery
Severe squamous dysplasia is a reason for surgical treatment. Intervention can be carried out in several ways. If the affected area is not extensive, the doctor may decide to conduct diathermocoagulation. The technique involves cauterization of the damaged area using a low voltage current. Surgery is performed under local anesthesiaand does not cause pain. An alternative may be the cryodestruction technique - the damaged area is destroyed under the influence of liquid nitrogen.
In the most difficult cases, surgical treatment is performed under local anesthesia using a scalpel. The affected cervix with dysplasia is completely excised. Such surgical intervention is more often resorted to with a large area of damage.
After the operation, the woman has to stay in the hospital for some time. The patient may complain of pain in the lower abdomen of a aching nature, bloody discharge from the genitals. Immediately after the intervention, body temperature may rise to 38 degrees. Within a few days, the patient's condition returns to normal.
Folk treatments for dysplasia
If severe dysplasia is diagnosed, treatment should only be carried out by a qualified physician. You will not be able to cope with the disease on your own. However, in combination with traditional therapy, folk remedies can be used after consultation with a gynecologist. Reviews show that vaginal tampons soaked in aloe juice help stop the process of degeneration of epithelial cells. For medicinal purposes, it is necessary to choose a plant whose age exceeds five years. The tampon is changed twice a day. The course of treatment is a month.
Celandine has excellent healing properties. The plant is widely used for papillomas and condylomas. The celandine will come to the rescue andwith cervical dysplasia. Swabs with a decoction of celandine will help reduce the manifestations of dysplasia. In its pure form, the juice of the plant can not be used. It can provoke severe irritation. A tablespoon of dry raw materials is poured into a glass of hot water, brought to a boil and boiled for another 15 minutes. Ready broth must be cooled and filtered. With this tool, you can also douche twice a day.
Widely used in gynecological diseases of the upland uterus. For douching, a medicinal infusion is prepared. A tablespoon of raw materials is poured with a glass of boiling water and insisted in a thermos for five hours. Then the product is filtered and applied twice a day.
The tincture of the plant in alcohol can also be taken orally to strengthen the body's defenses. The finished medicine can be purchased at the pharmacy. It is necessary to take 15 drops of tincture twice a day. The course of treatment is three weeks.
Complications of cervical dysplasia
Cancer processes are the most dangerous complication of dysplasia. However, oncology develops only in the absence of high-quality treatment. The risk of cervical cancer increases if the patient has a genetic predisposition to this disease. Adenoma with severe dysplasia requires immediate surgical treatment. Unfortunately, cancer complications often develop during the reproductive years and lead to infertility in women.
Even if dysplasia or cancer is managed, the risk of complications remains. First, aftersurgical intervention, scars remain on the epithelium. And it also complicates the onset of a he althy pregnancy. Secondly, there is always a risk of relapse. After all, the human papillomavirus is completely impossible to cure. Therefore, a woman who has already experienced dysplasia once should visit a gynecologist more often for preventive examinations.
Severe gastric dysplasia
Pathological proliferation of the epithelium can also be observed on the mucous membranes of other organs. This is a pathology in which cells mutate, gradually replacing he althy tissues. The development of the disease directly depends on the ecology and the nature of the patient's diet. Severe gastric dysplasia is often a complication of gastritis and ulcers. And these diseases can be triggered by the use of harmful products: fast food, semi-finished products. Bad habits also negatively affect the condition of the stomach epithelium.
At an early stage, conservative therapy is carried out. If gastric dysplasia is running, it is impossible to do without surgical intervention.
Intestinal dysplasia
Severe dysplasia of the colon is another pathology characterized by pathological proliferation of epithelial cells. As in the previous case, malnutrition often leads to the development of the disease. The use of carcinogenic products leads to an increased risk of malignant processes in the body. An important role is also played by heredity. The method of therapy is selected based on the form and stage of the pathological process.
Prevention of cervical dysplasia
If the patientonce already had to deal with dysplasia, simple preventive measures will help to avoid relapse. It is important to regularly visit a gynecologist for preventive examinations. A woman should avoid casual sexual intercourse, eat well, give up bad habits. If you experience any unpleasant symptoms, you should seek medical help.
