In inflammatory pathologies of the respiratory system, there is a change in the rheological characteristics of sputum (increase in viscosity), an increase in its production. For the treatment of respiratory diseases, expectorants and mucolytics are prescribed. These drugs dilute sputum, reduce its adhesive properties and accelerate excretion. All medicines used for therapy are divided into several groups.
Medicines that stimulate expectoration
In this category there are preparations based on herbal ingredients (licorice, marshmallow and others) and with resorptive activity (iodides, for example). These funds increase the volume of sputum. It should be noted that the effect of these drugs is quite short. In this regard, the drug is taken every 2-3 hours. Increased dosages provoke side effects in the form of nausea to vomiting. The disadvantages of using these drugs include in some cases the formation of too large volumemucus. Small children are sometimes unable to cough up that amount. As a result, the drainage functions of the lungs are significantly impaired, reinfection occurs.
Mucolytics
These drugs are optimal in most cases for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
Among the most popular medicines, experts call such drugs as "Acetylcysteine", "Ambroxol", "Bromhexine". Their advantages include the ability to thin sputum without a significant increase in its volume. Many of these drugs are available in different forms. This allows prescribing mucolytic agents for very young children. Sprays, inhalations and suspensions are very effective, providing a different method of delivery and distribution of active ingredients. What is extremely important in the combined therapy of pathologies of the respiratory system of acute and chronic course. Mucolytic agents are recommended for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, which are complicated by the release of mucous and purulent secretions. These pathologies include, in particular, rhinitis and sinusitis. Medicines are indicated for bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis.
Popular mucolytics. The drug "Acetylcysteine"
This medicine is considered one of the most active. Its action is based on reducing the viscosity of mucus, thinning and facilitating its transport from the bronchi. The drug, in addition, has antitoxic and antioxidant properties.activity. Many mucolytic agents have a similar effect. However, the drug "Acetylcysteine" has a faster and more pronounced activity. The drug is also used as an antidote for paracetamol overdose. The range of indications means, in general, is quite wide. In particular, the drug is recommended for intratracheal anesthesia to prevent complications. The effectiveness of the drug is manifested in oral, parenteral, endobronchial and combined use.
