Uterine fibroids is a benign tumor that occurs in the muscular layer of the uterus, the growth and development of which directly depends on the amount of estrogen in a woman's body. There are several types of uterine fibroids. They are described below.
Subserous uterine fibroids
Subserous uterine fibroids of large sizes is a benign hormone-dependent formation in the muscular tissue of the uterus, which is formed outside the organ and grows towards the small pelvis. The neoplasm usually has a wide base and a thin stalk (tumor supply channel) connecting it to the uterus.
Such myomatous tumors often occur in reproductive age, grow slowly and proceed latently. The main danger of subserous fibroids is the twisting of the stem, which causes necrosis of the tumor tissue.
Subserous myomatous nodules are multiple (small) or single.
Types of subserous uterine fibroids
Many do not know what uterine fibroids are, how to treat this disease. Therapy varies by species:
- Single havecapsule shell.
- Multiple are less common but more painful. Since, during growth, they compress and disrupt the activity of neighboring structures. There are interstitial or intramural.
Intramural uterine fibroids
Intramural uterine fibroids of small size - a process in which there is a degeneration and replacement of he althy cells and vessels of the muscle mass with fibrous and connective ones. Such a disease is quite common in women, the order of numbers is about 25%. If some time ago the disease occurred mainly in middle-aged women, then recently it has become much “younger”. Intramural myoma, in fact, is the body's response to various damaging factors. As a rule, the disease is diagnosed in the form of myomotous nodes, but often such growths do not have clear contours.
The causes of fibroids can be endocrine diseases, constant stress, smoking, and overweight. However, the underlying reasons are:
- late menopause;
- menopause;
- early menses;
- also other menstrual disorders;
- heredity, the presence of the disease in close relatives - mothers, grandmothers;
- abortions;
- various inflammatory processes of the genital area.
Submucosal
Multiple submucosal uterine fibroids is a serious disease and occurs in severe form with pronouncedsymptoms. It is a benign tumor that is located in the uterus and arises from myometrial cells. In most cases, the disease does not manifest itself, as it proceeds without any symptoms. When diagnosing the disease, the patient shows increasing anemia, pain in the abdomen during menstruation. At this point, the girl cannot bear her child or become pregnant.
Ultrasound and pelvic angiography are used to detect this type of uterine fibroids. The method of treatment of the disease depends on the characteristics of its course. Most often, this disease appears in girls of reproductive age: between the ages of 33 and 40 years. Recently, it has become more common in women aged 19 to 26 years. With the onset of menopause, fibroids stop developing.
Doctors managed to prove that there is a close relationship between the disease and infertility in girls. One in four infertile women has a small uterine fibroid.
Interstitial
This is a benign tumor that develops as a result of an imbalance of sex hormones in women. It begins to grow in the muscle tissues of the uterus. Doctors call it fibroids. With the development of a benign tumor can reach a large size, which in turn leads to the appearance of distinct symptoms.
The tumor can grow inside the walls of the uterus and at the same time not go beyond it. It can threaten a woman's he alth. A benign tumor is oftentakes the form of a knot and reaches a size of 30 cm.
The disease may consist of one or more tumors. Most often occurs in girls of childbearing age. As a result of exposure to a benign tumor, a woman can become infertile. Doctors managed to study this type of tumor well. As a result of the appearance of myoma nodes, in 50 cases out of 100 a benign tumor of this type appears. Even young girls can begin to develop a benign tumor, so the disease can manifest itself at any age.
The most common cause of this type of benign tumor is estrogen exposure.
Reasons
Currently, the causes of uterine fibroids by scientists have not been determined for certain, but it has been precisely established that the disease is hormone-dependent. This means that estrogen and progesterone influence the disease. In each case, an anamnesis is collected, he alth and heredity are studied.
Today, experts identify several main causes of the disease:
- abortions;
- delayed menstruation in adolescence;
- no childbirth by age 30;
- various gynecological diseases;
- heredity and predisposition to disease;
- stress;
- lack of an active lifestyle;
- being overweight;
- Mismatched birth control.
Abortion and lack ofchildbirth by the age of 30. Scientists have noted that the appropriate age for the birth of a child is 22 years. To these reasons it is also necessary to add untreated gynecological diseases, as well as the lack of breastfeeding. In addition, these reasons are considered extremely dangerous by doctors, as they can lead to surgery to remove the uterus.
Special attention should be paid to menstruation with uterine fibroids. In this case, they will be plentiful, painful and frequent. But sometimes they can be absent for several months.
In no case should you underestimate sluggish gynecological diseases that have an unexpressed form. That is why it is important to undergo regular examinations at the gynecologist and not to start the disease.
Various pathologies of the cardiovascular system can also cause disease, so young women need to monitor their he alth: prevent significant overweight, lead an active lifestyle and, if possible, avoid constant stress.
You can quickly determine the type of uterine fibroids on ultrasound. And only after that proceed with surgical intervention.
Operation
If conservative therapy does not produce the desired effect, only surgery remains. Myoma formations are removed with the help of surgical intervention. Any operation is always associated with risks for a girl, because even after a successful procedure, complications may arise unexpectedly.
To remove nodes, different operational methods are most often usedtreatment. These include strip surgery, laparoscopy and laparotomy.
Blank surgery
If other methods of surgical treatment are ineffective, abdominal surgery for uterine fibroids is used. Doctors try to use this method of surgery in rare cases, as it leads to serious complications. As a result, doctors are trying to apply other surgical methods of treatment. After the abdominal operation, the girl needs time for rehabilitation, so she is left in the hospital for a while. The essence of this operation is to cut the abdominal wall to remove nodes.
Laparotomy
This method of surgical intervention is to remove formations. To do this, the surgeon makes a small incision in the abdominal wall. This method of operation in surgery is used infrequently, as there are other, more effective surgical methods of treatment.
Uterine artery embolization
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is an effective current treatment for uterine fibroids (benign tumors). The method is considered a dilemma of hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), laparoscopic and hysteroscopic removal of subperitoneal or submucosal myomatosis. The essence of UAE is to block the blood flow that feeds the myomatous areas. Due to this, the tumor gradually disappears, as a result of which the symptoms of the disease disappear over time. UAE involves thromboembolism of the arteries through the introduction of specialized ingredients, while a tube is inserted into the femoral artery of the patient with embolization usematerial. It reaches the uterine artery and blocks the bleeding in it.
Unlike the surgical method of treatment, UAE is much easier to tolerate by the patient, since there is almost no blood loss, and there is no need to introduce anesthesia into the position. If there are no contraindications to UAE, in this case, the doctor will offer the patient to treat uterine fibroids in another way.
Uterine artery embolization is a process that should be prepared by a specific method: taking antibacterial and anti-anaerobic substances. The course of treatment is not less than 5 days. In the pathology of the thyroid gland, restorative therapy is implied, only after that embolization of the uterine arteries is carried out.
FUS ablation of uterine fibroids
Many are interested in the question of what it is - uterine fibroids, and how to treat it with FUS ablation. This is one of the non-invasive ways to get rid of the disease. A modern method, which is the evaporation of fibroid tissue using ultrasound. The procedure is incredibly effective because it can be used even when a hysterectomy is indicated.
When a fibroid has a multiple nature, not all nodes are determined by external examination. As a result, the disease progresses and is detected already with several large myomatous nodes. Previously, they were removed only surgically. However, this type of surgery has significant risks of complications:
- spikes;
- hernias;
- sepsis and more.
FUS ablation avoids this.
Benefits and contraindications
The advantages of FUS ablation are as follows:
- No abdominal incisions and no blood loss.
- There are no stitches left on the uterus.
- Well tolerated.
- Constant monitoring of the MRI scanner.
- No general anesthesia needed. With a low pain threshold, local anesthesia is offered for fear.
- You can delete multiple nodes at once.
- The patient is conscious, so the procedure can always be stopped in time.
- Outpatient operation, after a while you can go home.
- Virtually never relapses.
Contraindications:
- pregnancy;
- cardiovascular pathology;
- intrauterine device, metal implants, pacemaker;
- adhesions in the pelvis;
- history of abdominoplasty;
- leg at fibroids;
- large tumor area;
- Knots less than 150mm;
- over five knots;
- intramural myoma;
- over 110 kg weight and waist circumference over 110 cm;
- claustrophobia or panic attack.
Exercises according to the Bubnovsky method
These exercises are widely used for uterine fibroids.
Pelvis lift
This exercise is performed lying on your back. The arms should be extended along the body. While inhaling, you need to enter the “half-bridge” pose. On exhalation, return to the starting position. The exercise is quite easy, it should be done about 25-30 times.
Relaxation
Need to get on all foursand try to relax. A very simple and useful exercise.
Back arch
The starting position is the same as in the previous exercise. Then, on the exhale, bend the back up, and on the inhale, bend it down. We repeat 20 times. Exercise is recommended to be done with extreme caution, all movements must be careful so as not to get injured.
Pulling step
Starting position on all fours. While in it, you need to bend your left leg at the knee joint and sit on it, while pulling your right leg back. You should try to pull your left leg forward as much as possible, forcing yourself to go lower. Perform the exercise while inhaling. Repeat 20 times.
Back stretch
Get on all fours again. You need to bend your elbows and, as you exhale, lower your body to the ground, then straighten your arms and pull your pelvis back. To get the desired result, do 6 repetitions.
Often used alternative treatment of uterine fibroids. Reviews about it are rather ambiguous, so you need to consult a doctor. Potato juice, flax seeds, motherwort tincture and other remedies that are effective in this disease should be agreed with the doctor.
