Not a single joint ailment can pass without a trace if a pathological condition is triggered. It is very important to engage in timely treatment and visit specialists for a general examination. The cyst of the hip joint is quite a serious problem. It is a secondary pathology. As a rule, the disease manifests itself due to inflammatory and degenerative processes that can occur in different tissues and organs.
If the problem is localized in the hip joint, then this is fraught with very serious complications. Therefore, it is important to understand in more detail the causes of the appearance of a cyst of the hip joint and the methods of treatment of this pathology. This will help you get back to normal life faster.
What is a cyst
A cyst is a sedentary neoplasm of a rounded shape, filled with an elastic fluid. The size of the node can be up to 6 cm. As a rule, the cyst is localized in the pelvis, femoral head and acetabulum.
There is an opinionthat a cyst of the hip joint, like another formation of this type, can eventually develop into a malignant tumor. However, doctors completely refute this legend. It must be understood that not a single cystic formation is associated with the dermis, respectively, it is not able to penetrate into the fatty tissues of the human body.
This neoplasm can be single or multiple. If we talk about a more precise location of the node, then they are of several types:
- Subchondral cyst of the hip joint and other areas.
- Formed in the cavities of the iliac bones.
There is also another type of pathology that occurs periodically in medical practice. This type of disease is called a cyst of the acetabulum of the hip joint.
The cyst is labile. This means that over time, it can change in size, spread to other areas, or completely dissolve. If necrotic tissue softens, it can cause deformation of nearby he althy tissue.
Reasons for appearance
No disease can appear on its own. He alth problems and other factors lead to a pathological condition. If we talk about the causes of the appearance of a cyst of the hip joint, then most often this is caused by degenerative changes in cartilage structures. Arthritis and bursitis can also provoke the disease. These processes are inflammatory.
In addition, the cyst often appears on the background of injuries, due towhich the tissues of the hip joint begin to change.
If we talk about the factors that affect the increase and progression of the cyst of the hip joint, then this happens due to hypothermia, metabolic disorders in the body, and infectious diseases. Also important is the hereditary and genetic factor.
Symptomatics
It's very hard to spot a problem like this by accident. If a person had a fracture or damage to a bone that has lost strength, then doctors pay more attention to the affected area and diagnose the disease in a timely manner. However, it is difficult to identify the pathology on your own, since it manifests itself with rather weak symptoms.
However, there are certain symptoms of a hip cyst that you should pay attention to. First of all, you should consult a doctor if a person began to notice the appearance of several signs. For example, the appearance of pain syndrome should confuse. Usually pain becomes rhythmic. The feeling of discomfort gradually increases with prolonged stay on the legs. The most severe pain occurs during physical exertion. When a person rests, the discomfort goes away. Also, with a cyst, the so-called starting pain appears. This means that unpleasant sensations are short-term in nature and appear at the beginning of movements after a long rest. A similar pain syndrome indicates that the joint capsule and tendons that are attached to it are affected.
If the cause of the development of the cyst wasarthritis, in this case, with the naked eye, you can see a slight deformity of the joint. It is also worth paying attention to any violations in the process of motor movements. When a cyst forms, it becomes almost impossible to move the hip to the side.
However, situations are not uncommon when no serious manifestations are observed. Because of this, patients often come to the doctor with an advanced stage of pathology. It should be understood that in almost all situations (more than 95%) with this disease, unlike most other diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the first signs appear already in the second or third stage. At this stage, considering the symptoms and treatment of a hip cyst, it becomes obvious that it will be very difficult for a person to return to normal life. In case of a successful operation, everything will also depend on the first month of rehabilitation.
Diagnosis
In order to identify this pathology, it is necessary to undergo a full examination and tell the doctor about all the symptoms. Additionally, you will have to take a blood test. However, an increase in leukocytes is not always observed. It also makes no sense to examine the synovial fluid. Biomaterial sampling is a rather painful procedure that is fraught with complications.
X-rays needed. Thanks to the picture, you can determine the size of the cystic formation and other characteristics of the neoplasm. In addition, the doctor will understand how damaged nearby tissues are.
If the patientcomplains of rather severe pain, then the doctor conducts an MRI or CT scan. Also, such procedures are carried out if the x-ray image did not show accurate data. This helps to get more data on the cyst of the head of the hip joint and other areas.
The doctor pays great attention to the questioning of the patient. Therefore, it is imperative to tell the specialist about possible additional pathologies and similar diseases in relatives. It is worth noting that in 90% of cases the cyst is hereditary.
Against the background of the data obtained, the specialist draws up his conclusion and selects the appropriate course of treatment for the cyst of the hip joint. Depending on the complexity of the pathology, there are several options for therapy.
Medicated treatment
It should be said right away that it is impossible to get rid of a neoplasm with the help of drugs. Also, the drugs are not able to leave the growth of the cyst. However, medications are prescribed to normalize the patient's condition if an operation was performed to remove a cyst of the hip joint.
If we talk about medicines, then, as a rule, experts prescribe:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs of the non-steroidal group. Usually, experts prefer drugs that are quickly excreted from the body (in 5-7 hours). These funds include "Tolmetin", "Maloxicam" and others.
- Hormonal preparations. As a rule, they are introduced into the patient's body using a dropper. Means of this type include "Diprospan", "Hydrocortisone" andothers.
- Analgesics ("Ketorol", "Ketanov").
It is worth paying attention to the fact that it is strictly forbidden to inject hormonal agents directly into the hip joint itself. This can lead to necrotic changes that affect the head of the femur.
The course of taking almost all drugs must be repeated in six months. This is necessary if, against the background of the formation of a cyst, a serious inflammatory process occurred. Additionally, the doctor may prescribe physiotherapy.
Physiotherapy treatment of hip cysts
When the cyst is located very close to the end of the joint, then in this case, patients experience great difficulty in moving. This joint is very important in the musculoskeletal mechanism. If it is damaged and surgically, this area recovers the longest.
However, you need to understand that with a cyst of this type it is categorically contraindicated to carry out thermal procedures. Although it cannot develop into a malignant formation, heat treatment is not possible. Therefore, doctors limit themselves to therapeutic massage and exercise therapy.
Surgery
Removal of a cyst of the hip joint is performed using an arthroscope. Sometimes there are some complications after the procedure. If purulent formations are observed a few days after the operation, then they must be removed and the wound washed.
Before the procedure to remove the lesionthe patient is sent to a separate box located in the orthopedic department. This is necessary in order to create the necessary environment for the patient and help him mentally and physically prepare for the upcoming operation. It is also necessary in order to prevent infection of other patients.
After that, the operation of the cyst of the hip joint is performed. The doctor excised non-viable tissue areas. After that, the surgeon treats the wounds with a special antiseptic solution. At the next stage, the wounded cavity is drained using counterperture tubes (usually two-channel).
After the procedure is completed, primary sutures are applied. If serious soft tissue defects are observed, then additional methods of muscular plastic surgery can be applied.
If it is impossible to surgically remove the affected areas, then necrolysis of the wound of the flow enzymatic type is performed.
After the surgical intervention, it is necessary to carry out not only dressings, but also introduce antiseptic and antimicrobial compounds into the drainage system. Additionally, the wound is treated with special ointments.
Other treatment options
If the lesion is not strong, then there is the possibility of conservative treatment. For example, the doctor may try to puncture the cyst. To do this, the affected joint is pierced, and the doctor pumps out its contents using a specialized needle. The resulting material is also used for biochemical analysis in order to obtainmore accurate data on the pathology. After cleaning the cystic cavity, anti-inflammatory drugs are introduced into it. Upon completion, a strong pressure bandage is applied to the treated area. This type of treatment is indicated if surgery is not possible for one reason or another. However, it should be borne in mind that the puncture does not guarantee a complete cure. There is always a risk of relapse.
Until the 80s, doctors used the crushing technique. By and large, the liquid was practically squeezed out of the joint. This made it possible to preserve the joint capsule. However, today this method is practically not used. This is because the chance of recurrence in this case is 100%. Therefore, this technique can only be considered as a temporary solution to the problem.
Endoscopic method of cyst removal is considered the most effective today. The patient does not experience pain. In addition, the tissues are damaged to the least extent. A person recovers quite quickly, and the chance of relapse is significantly reduced.
If we talk about the treatment of cysts of the hip joint with folk remedies, then such methods are ineffective. Herbs and other therapies can be used to relieve pain and during recovery from surgery. For example, to relieve inflammation and accelerate the healing of the affected area (sage, St. John's wort, linden, chamomile).
Forecast
According to medical practice, in 1 out of ten cases, patients experience problems in the processwound healing. In other cases, it all depends on the individual characteristics of the patient. For some, the healing process takes several weeks. Older people and those diagnosed with a complex degree of pathology will need much more time. However, with a successful operation, there is every chance to return to normal life.
Preventive measures
To avoid complications after surgery, it is recommended to undergo antibiotic treatment long before the scheduled procedure. This will help avoid infection and other recovery problems.
In order to prevent the development of a cyst, it is worthwhile to undergo an examination in a timely manner. It will not be superfluous to carry out massage and engage in simple physical exercises. Do not engage in hard work, especially after injuries of the musculoskeletal system. In the event of edema, it is imperative to contact a specialist who will make an accurate diagnosis and be able to identify the problem in a timely manner.
