Such a pathology as a dislocation of the lens of the eye is most often the result of an injury. Less commonly, this phenomenon is observed with congenital abnormalities in the development of the visual system. It is quite difficult to identify the disease at an early stage, unless there has been a significant injury or other damage. Months and even years can pass before the luxation of the eye lens makes itself felt. That is why it is so important to carefully monitor the condition of the eyes, visual acuity, especially when it comes to children.
The structure of the lens of the human eye
To be able to recognize the dislocation of the lens of the eye in time, you need to understand how it works in general. It is an ordinary transparent biconvex lens. Its approximate diameter is 10 mm. Interestingly, the anterior surface of the human lens is flatter.
See him nakedthe eye is not easy: the organ is located behind the pupil and behind the eye iris. In limbo, it is held with the help of a ligament of cinnamon. These are the thinnest threads, each end of which is attached to the lens, and on the other hand to the ciliary body. The shape and refractive power of this important organ of vision directly depend on the tension of these threads.
Dislocation of the lens due to injury
Trauma is the most common cause of dislocation. But it is important to remember that dislocation is not necessarily complete. There is such a thing as subluxation of the lens. Its complete or incomplete displacement occurs when the threads from the zinn ligament cease to cope with their function. They do not hold the object, as a result of which it changes its position, and visual acuity decreases.
Non-traumatic dislocation of the lens of the eye
The causes of this pathology may not be related to trauma. Often, this organ does not keep its correct position due to the fact that the threads do not work normally due to congenital weakness, severe underdevelopment, or even the complete absence of ligaments in this area. Dislocation and subluxation of the lens can develop with congenital diseases such as Marfan's syndrome. The weakening of the ligaments after their degeneration also often leads to this pathology. Old age and a high degree of myopia are the factors that most often lead to such a problem as dislocation of the lens of the eye.
Also, acquired cataracts or glaucoma can also be the cause. Doctors consider dislocations and subluxations to be the most frequent and rather severe complication of thesediseases. Also, iridocyclitis, a chronic inflammation of the ciliary body and the iris, can lead to this pathology. In the latter case, clouding of the dislocated lens is noted. If we are not talking about trauma, then this pathology is more common in older people. Children get it 10 times less often than adults, as they have much more elastic eye cords.
Symptoms of pathology
Sometimes it is quite difficult to recognize a dislocation of the lens of the eye at an early stage. Symptoms are not always pronounced. A non-specialist can interpret their feelings incorrectly, which makes it difficult to diagnose the disease. Usually the first thing that the patient himself notices is a deterioration in visual acuity. But the problem is that this symptom manifests itself already in an advanced stage. When the object is significantly displaced to the anterior wall of the eye, this is already a severe dislocation of the lens of the eye in humans. The photo clearly shows how the process is expressed and noticeable even to a non-specialist. Treatment in this case will be absolutely guaranteed prompt.
In the early stages, the main thing that betrays a dislocation of the lens is the trembling of the iris of the human eye. The peculiarity of the anatomy is such that the anterior eye chamber is rather irregular in shape, so the lens, moving, is in its smaller part. The patient himself will hardly notice these changes, but an experienced ophthalmologist will definitely attach importance to them. It happens that in pathology, the organ under study is displaced into the anterior chamber of the eye so much that it is clearly noticeable even to a non-specialist.
Treatment
Most often, a dislocation of the lens of the human eye is eliminated through surgery. During the operation, the displaced object itself is removed, and an artificial one is implanted in its place. Such an operation makes sense at the initial stage of the disease. The intervention is classified as moderate. The patient after the operation remains disabled for 4-6 weeks.
Dislocation of the lens of the eye is also treated by transscleral fixation. During the intervention, a microscopic special device is implanted inside the eye. At one end it is suspended from the lens capsule, the other end is fixed outside the eye capsule. Such a device acts as a zinn ligament, effectively holding the object in position.
It happens that the core density of the patient is very high. In this case, laser or ultrasonic phacoemulsification is used to remove the lens. It is important to completely remove the remnants of the vitreous body, fragments of the posterior capsule and blood clots. For children, there is a separate technique - the implantation of an artificially made lens in combination with a ring and a capsular bag. Recently, techniques are increasingly used that fix the displaced lens intrasclerally using the latest suture technique.
Complications if left untreated
Dislocation of the lens of the eye certainly requires treatment! Ignoring the symptoms and waiting for the pathology to disappear by itself is a mistake that leads to irreversible consequences. In most patients with advanced dislocationlens, there are pronounced signs of ophthalmohypertension. In 55-75% of cases, this pathology eventually provokes the occurrence of acute secondary glaucoma. Also, with the disease, there is a high risk of inflammatory complications.
The most difficult to heal are:
- retinitis;
- iridocyclitis;
- keratoconjunctivitis.
Dislocation of the lens in the absence of treatment is accompanied by detachment and complete rupture of the retina, as well as such a serious problem as the degeneration of the cornea. There is a development of a hernia of the vitreous body or pronounced destructive intraocular changes. The formation of adhesions with prolonged incorrect position of the lens leads to optic neuritis. The most severe complication of the disease is considered to be complete loss of vision with persistent pain.
