Some women confuse uterine dysplasia with erosion. However, these are two completely different diseases, each of which is dangerous in its own way. Unlike erosion, moderate dysplasia disrupts the multilayered structure of the epithelium. During the examination, pathologically altered cells are detected.
By their nature, they are not malignant, but if not treated in a timely manner, they quickly turn into cancer. Such a disease has several stages of flow, each of which has its own peculiarity. The last stage is the most dangerous, since the area of its defeat covers almost the entire structure of the epithelium.
Timely detection and treatment of the disease, has a fairly good prognosis. If the pathology is running, then complications can be very dangerous.
Features of the disease
What is moderate cervical dysplasia? This question interests many women who have been diagnosed with this. This is a severe pathology in which the epithelial layer lining the uterus undergoes changes that occur at the cellular level. In this case, cells change their structure and are prone topathological growth with subsequent disruption of normal functioning.
During the course of the pathology, the existing disorders become global in nature, spreading to nearby tissues.
The result of this structural change is called moderate dysplasia. This is a fairly common problem and it is detected in many women every year, which is why it is important to conduct preventive examinations for its timely detection.
Features of flow
Moderate cervical dysplasia is characterized by the fact that it affects 2/3 of the epithelial layer.
Cellular changes progress not only on the surface, but already on the intermediate layers. This form is dangerous because it can quickly move into stage 3, followed by degeneration into a malignant neoplasm.
Causes of occurrence
Timely detection of moderate dysplasia and its comprehensive treatment has a fairly good prognosis. At this stage of the course of the disease, the first signs of a violation already appear. It is worth noting that under favorable conditions and maintaining immunity at the required level, a moderate form of dysplasia can regress on its own.
The causes of moderate dysplasia are fairly well understood. This is a combination of several factors that provoke the onset of pathology. The main cause is the human papillomavirus. By itself, it is not a sufficient factor, however, when combined with others, it leads to the onset of the disease. Viruspapillomas are sexually transmitted and with normal immunity within 1.5–2 years the infection is destroyed on its own.
The risk of developing moderate dysplasia increases many times in the presence of additional provoking factors, namely:
- immunity weakening;
- hormonal imbalance;
- diseases of the genitourinary system;
- frequent pregnancy;
- early onset of sexual activity;
- avitaminosis;
- genetic predisposition;
- bad habits.
In addition, the risk of disease during the course of cervical erosion is significantly increased. The papillomavirus is especially dangerous in combination with other infections, such as HIV or herpes.
Main symptoms
Symptoms and signs of moderate cervical dysplasia are almost absent. It is worth noting that in some cases the asymptomatic course of the disease can continue until the last stage. In about 10% of cases, this pathology is detected quite by accident during a routine examination.
The main signs of moderate uterine dysplasia will be the presence of discharge, as well as pain during sex. After sexual contact, there may be discharge with streaks of blood. All these symptoms are not clearly expressed, so many women do not pay attention to them. Often, with dysplasia, signs of concomitant diseases are disturbing. The main complaints in this case will be:
- bleeding;
- infertility;
- changing the menstrual cycle;
- itch;
- infertility;
- allocations;
- pain in the lower abdomen.
However, all these complaints appear periodically, and may even be absent. During the examination, the doctor can detect signs of pathology even at the initial stages.
Diagnostics
When diagnosing moderate dysplasia of the uterus, a variety of methods are used to help determine the presence of a problem. Initially, the gynecologist examines the cervix using vaginal mirrors. This makes it possible to detect clinically pronounced forms of dysplasia. In addition, diagnostic techniques are used such as:
- colposcopy;
- cytological and histological examination;
- immunological PCR methods.
Colposcopy involves examining the cervix with a colposcope. This is an optical device that magnifies the image. Simultaneously, diagnostic tests are carried out. This technique allows you to determine the course of the pathology even if the woman is not bothered by anything or the symptoms are blurred.
With dysplasia, a cytological examination of a smear under a microscope is prescribed. This method allows you to detect the presence of atypical cells. And also markers of human papillomavirus infection are detected. This is a fairly informative method that helps determine the method of therapy and establish the strain of the virus.
The histological research method allows you to determine the degree and nature of the course of the pathology, as well as to confirm orto refute the development of dysplasia into a malignant neoplasm. It is recommended to undergo such a survey for all women after 40 years. Additionally, a detailed blood test and hormones can be prescribed. If cancer is suspected, a biopsy is prescribed, which involves taking a piece of tissue.
Features of treatment
Treatment of moderate cervical dysplasia largely depends on the characteristics of the pathology, the age of the woman and other factors. Without timely complex therapy, there is a high probability of transition to a malignant tumor.
In some cases, there may be an independent regression of the pathology. If there is trichomoniasis, chlamydia or gonorrhea, then it is necessary to carry out complex treatment. After 3-6 months, you need to repeat the smear. If the changes have not disappeared or the condition worsens, then conservative therapy is prescribed.
In especially severe cases with moderate epithelial dysplasia, treatment is carried out by various surgical techniques. For this, the following methods are mainly used:
- laser therapy;
- cryosurgery;
- loop electroexcision;
- excision of altered tissues;
- removal of the uterus along with the cervix.
The last method of operation is used very rarely, in the most advanced cases, when the pathology threatens the life of the patient.
Drug therapy
Initially, the doctor prescribes medication for moderate dysplasia. Fortherapy is prescribed:
- anti-inflammatory drugs;
- suppositories against the HPV virus;
- immunostimulants;
- vitamin complexes;
- drugs to eliminate endocrine disorders.
Anti-inflammatory drugs are selected depending on the identified pathogen. Medicines are used in the form of suppositories or tablets. Antibacterial injections may also be required.
Anti-inflammatory therapy is mandatory for all patients with dysplasia, regardless of the causes of its occurrence. And also during the treatment, the doctor prescribes suppositories against the HPV virus, in particular, such as Acidum Nitricum or Papillocan. These products have a high degree of effectiveness, despite the fact that they contain predominantly herbal ingredients.
Additionally, drugs may be required to increase local immunity, namely suppositories with bifidus and lactobacilli. For example, such means as "Laktovag", "Ginolact", "Acilact" have proven themselves well. To increase general immunity, "Prodigiosan", "Isoprinosine" or "Interferon" is prescribed.
As part of complex therapy, vitamin-mineral complexes are used, as well as drugs designed to correct endocrine disorders. Methyluracil ointment is prescribed to stimulate the growth and renewal of he althy cells.
If dysplasia was provoked by age-related changes, then Ovestin is used to stimulateestrogen production. The treatment of the damaged mucosa is carried out on an outpatient basis.
When moderate epithelial dysplasia occurs, methods of conservative therapy help to stabilize the condition and get rid of concomitant diseases. In addition, the use of contraceptives is mandatory to prevent pregnancy.
Modern techniques
In case of non-effectiveness of conservative therapy and a sharp deterioration in he alth or the detection of pathology at later stages, surgical methods are used. With moderate epithelial dysplasia, the intervention is carried out to the extent that the clinical picture requires. If possible, doctors prescribe modern hardware techniques that help eliminate the pathology, these include such as:
- electroconization;
- moxibustion;
- radio wave treatment;
- photodynamic therapy;
- cryolysis;
- laser removal.
Electroconization refers to one of the methods of performing an operation, which implies the complete removal of pathology. In modern surgery, a variety of tactics of conization of the cervix are used. It can be performed with a special machine, a scalpel or a laser beam.
Moderate focal dysplasia is treated with cauterization. This method is affordable, simple and effective. The affected area is cauterized by applying a low voltage current, as a result of which all atypical cells are destroyed. The disadvantages of this technique include the formation of scars, as well as the inability to accuratelyadjust the depth of impact on the affected tissue.
Tubular adenoma with moderate dysplasia is treated with radio wave treatment. The impact on the pathological focus is carried out with the help of high-frequency waves. It is recommended to be used for the treatment of women of reproductive age, since the childbearing function does not suffer. The advantages should also include painlessness, rapid healing and the ability to control the intensity of exposure.
Cryodestruction method involves the removal of moderately severe dysplasia with liquid nitrogen at low temperatures. This is one of the most modern techniques that allows you to quickly and painlessly eliminate the pathological focus.
When tubular adenoma of the colon with moderate dysplasia occurring in a precancerous state, with an extensive lesion, photodynamic therapy is used. The principle of operation of this technique is to irradiate the tumor.
These treatments help preserve reproductive function and avoid uterine resection.
Operating
With moderate squamous dysplasia, proceeding in a neglected form, or if it threatens to turn into a malignant tumor, an operation to remove the uterus may be prescribed. The indications for its implementation are:
- significant area of damage;
- transition to a malignant form;
- impossibility to eliminate the pathology by other methods;
- presence of comorbidities.
For patients of childbearing agethis treatment option is used very rarely, only with moderate severe dysplasia. Basically, doctors try to preserve reproductive functions.
Application of folk methods
With cervical dysplasia, folk methods have proven themselves quite well, however, they can be used as auxiliary methods only after consulting a doctor. In addition, be sure to strictly follow the instructions for the preparation and use of these funds.
The use of medicinal herbs and fees must be combined with medications, as only this will ensure a guaranteed good result.
Brew 1 tbsp. l. dry celandine in 1 tbsp. boiling water, let stand until the liquid becomes light brown. Filter, soak a tampon and insert it into the vagina. If dysplasia occurs against the background of candidiasis or adnexitis, then douching should be done with this infusion.
You can use celandine oil. The method of preparing it is the same as the infusion, only vegetable oil is used instead of water. You can use the finished product after 4-6 hours. Soak tampons in oil and insert them into the vagina at night. Treatment with celandine-based products can be carried out for no more than 2 weeks.
When acute inflammation occurs, after childbirth and during pregnancy, it is not recommended to use folk remedies for treatment.
Consequences and complications
Prognosis for cervical dysplasia is directly related to the existing symptoms,the patient's well-being, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases. In some cases, self-healing and complete regression of the disease is possible.
Without timely detection of the disease and complex treatment, it is quite possible to go into a malignant form within a year. In addition, the asymptomatic course of the pathology and the absence of visible manifestations for a long time are very dangerous. This can lead to dysmenorrhea, infertility, and oncopathology. Conization may be required to prevent complications. Surgery may result in changes such as:
- bleeding;
- large amount of foul-smelling discharge;
- scar formation;
- violation of childbearing function;
- temperature increase;
- sharp pain.
If the papilloma virus is not eliminated, then the disease may recur after treatment. In addition, inflammation of the vagina and anus may further develop.
The course of the disease during pregnancy
With dysplasia of the cervix, it is quite possible to become pregnant, and with the course of the disease, nothing threatens the life and he alth of the baby.
When the 2nd stage of the pathology occurs, regular observation by a gynecologist and independent childbirth are recommended. Such patients have every chance for the disease to subside with subsequent regression.
With very rapid progression, conization surgery followed by suturing may be indicated. This is necessary to prevent spontaneous abortion and premature birth. Evenafter the intervention, there is the possibility of delivery without a caesarean section.
The state of pregnancy can be static, so treatment is delayed until the postpartum period. There is a certain risk of infertility, but it is mainly associated with other gynecological problems. As experts say, if moderate dysplasia is due to hormonal disorders, then pregnancy will be a kind of therapy.
Features of food
With cervical dysplasia, it is imperative to adjust the menu and introduce foods into your usual diet that will help cope with beriberi. It is also recommended to supplement the menu with cabbage and foods rich in folic acid. Vitamins must be supplied to the body regularly and in sufficient quantities.
Recommended to follow a diet based on fruits and vegetables. Reduce intake of carbohydrates and fats. As a source of animal proteins, it is recommended to consume lean meats, fish, and pork liver. It is also important to give up carbonated and alcoholic drinks, coffee and smoking.
Prophylaxis
As a prophylaxis, vaccination should be carried out in order to protect against infection with the most dangerous strains of the papillomavirus. Vaccination is indicated not only for women, but also for men who may be carriers of this virus. However, it is worth remembering that vaccination cannot protect against dysplasia. As a preventive measure, you need:
- quit smoking;
- start having sex after 18;
- support monogamous andpractice safe sexual relationships.
Periodically it is necessary to test for papillomavirus. If it reveals changes, you need to repeat it after 6–12 months, and if the result is negative, after 3 years.
Reviews from women
According to the feedback of patients, dysplasia responds well to treatment, especially if the disease is detected in the initial stages. Many say that the disease responds well to treatment with radio wave therapy. After the operation, there is no scarring, no pain, and a fairly quick recovery occurs.
Some women say that electroconization is an effective technique. The procedure is painless and takes little time. The recovery period is short. Good reviews also deserve laser treatment, as it is one of the most effective methods.
