By studying the anatomy of the muscles of the head and neck, we will learn what causes head movements, the processes of pronouncing sounds and swallowing. This is a special group of muscles in the human body. If we consider the classification of the anatomy of the muscles of the head and neck by origin, then these are derivatives of the 1st and 2nd gill arches. By the nature of the location, the name of the muscle itself is given, therefore, they are chewing (1st gill arch) and mimic (2nd gill arch). In anatomy, the muscles of the head and neck are of key importance, thanks to which we know so much about our facial expressions.
Thanks to this article, you will be able to learn in more detail some of the human muscles that are associated not only with turning the head and swallowing liquid, but also we will find out exactly how all the sounds made are made. These are truly the most unique and interesting muscles in their structure.
Mimic muscles and their features
Looking at the pictures of the anatomy of the muscles of the face, you can see the uniqueness of the structure of our mimic and masticatory muscles.
Mimic musclesoriginate from the muscle tissue of the second visceral arch:
- Located under the skin with little or no fascia.
- Located around natural openings, acting as dilators and sphincters.
- Begin at the surface of the bones or underlying fascia.
- End in the skin.
Due to the features of muscle attachment, they can actively move the skin of the face.
Muscular tissue surrounding the palpebral fissure
The main is considered the circular muscle of the eye, which is divided into the secular part (closes the eyelids), the lacrimal part (expands the lacrimal sac) and the orbital part, which lowers the eyebrows down, lifts the cheek skin up and forms folds in the eye area. The muscle tissue that wrinkles the eyebrow originates in the medial part of the superciliary arch and attaches to the skin of the eyebrow. The muscle tissue of the proud is attached to the skin of the glabella, starting from the bony dorsum of the nose, and causes wrinkles at the root of the nose.
Muscular tissue of the calvaria
These muscles are subdivided into the occipital, frontal and temporoparietal muscles, as well as the tendon helmet. The first is divided in turn into the frontal and occipital abdomen. With the help of the occipital belly, the scalp can be pulled back. The frontal abdomen will pull the skin up, due to which the eyebrows will move up.
Muscular tissue surrounding the orifice of the mouth
The circular muscle is divided into the labial and marginal parts. Thanks to her, you can protrude your lips and close the mouth gap. Big andthe lesser zygomatic muscles are attached from the zygomatic arch to the corners of the mouth. The muscle that raises the upper lip is attached to the corner of the mouth and the skin of the wing of the nose, it is involved in the formation of the nasolabial furrow.
The buccal muscle starts from the upper and lower jaw and connects to the muscular base of the upper and lower lips. Muscular tissue that lowers the lower lip connects the lower edge of the lower jaw and the mucous membrane of the lower lip, thus can turn the lower lip outward. The muscle of laughter begins with the chewing fascia and is attached to the skin of the corner of the mouth, capable of forming a dimple on the cheek. The muscle tissue that lowers the corner of the mouth starts from the lower jaw and connects to the skin of the corner of the mouth.
Chesting muscles
Attached from the bones of the skull to the lower jaw and are divided into superficial and deep parts. The superficial part departs from the zygomatic outgrowth of the upper jaw and connects with the lower jaw. The deep part is attached to the lateral part of the coronoid process of the lower jaw and originates from the inside of the zygomatic arch.
Temporal muscle
Attached from the temporal fossa to the coronal outgrowth of the lower jaw. Able to lift the lower jaw up and press it against the upper jaw, as well as pull back the forward jaw.
Lateral muscle (pterygoid)
With the help of this muscle, the lower jaw is able to move in the opposite direction. The anatomy of the muscles of the neck and head is sufficiently studied and can explain every movement, every tilt and turn of the head. Next, we will look at exactly how this happens.
Human neck muscles
Depending on the location of the muscles, they are divided into three groups: superficial, median and deep.
- Deep muscles are lateral and medial, attached to the bones of the axial skeleton and are necessary for the movement of the trunk and head.
- Surface ones tend to be very thin and long.
- Middle muscles are divided into suprahyoid and sublingual.
The muscles of the human neck are also involved in the movement of the upper limbs.
Superficial, middle and deep layer of neck muscles
Consider the neck muscles in the table. The superficial muscles secrete the subcutaneous (located under the skin of the neck and face) and the sternocleidomastoid muscle (which is responsible for turning the head and throwing it back).
So, in this article we have analyzed the anatomy of the muscles of the head and neck, and also discussed in detail each part of these organs. We hope this article was useful for you, and you were able to find the information you are interested in.
