Teeth are an important factor in the chewing and speech efficiency of a person. They take part in chewing, breathing, voice development and speech formation. Teeth cannot renew themselves, and their strength is only an appearance. The dental formula and its knowledge contribute to regular dental care and provide an opportunity to navigate the advice of dentists.
Methods of marking teeth
In dentistry, doctors use a certain numbering to diagnose a patient and make it easier to maintain his card. The order of the state of all teeth is usually noted in the form of a special formula, which is called the "dental formula of a person." In various theories, groups of teeth that perform the same functions are indicated by Arabic or Roman letters and numerals. There are some systems for determining teeth. These include the standard Zsigmondy-Palmer method, the international Viola theory, the Haderup system, and the multifunctional alphanumeric theory.
Zigmondy-Palmer system
The dental formula is primarily based on the Zsigmondy-Palmer square-digit theory, which was approved in 1876year. Its peculiarity is that all the teeth of adults are marked with Arabic numerals from 1 to 8. In children, they are numbered with Roman numerals from I to V.
Viola's two-digit theory
It was approved by the International Federation of Dentists in 1971. By this method, the lower and upper jaws are divided into 4 quadrants of 8 teeth. An adult has quadrants - 1, 2, 3, 4, and children - 5, 6, 7, 8. In this case, the quadrant number is indicated by the first digit. And the second digit is the number of the tooth (from 1 to 8). This is a human dental formula, the scheme of which helps to navigate the structure of the jaw.
This system is considered the most convenient to use, as there are no letters and lines. And in this regard, in the dentist's office, you can hear an appointment that it will be necessary to treat the 34th or 47th tooth, and the child - the 51st or 83rd. But this does not mean at all that an adult has 47 of them, and a baby has 83.
Haderupe system
In this theory, Arabic numerals are used to determine the location of the teeth. The top line comes with a "+" symbol, and the bottom one with a "-" sign. Milk teeth are shown as numbers from 1 to 5 with zero added, as well as the symbols "+" and "-" in comparison with molars.
Multifunction alphanumeric method
This system, recognized by the American Dental Organization, has the difference that any tooth in the row has its own number in adults and a letter in children. The count should be left, starting with the upper right tooth, and then from left to right along the bottom line.
The human dental formula, once designed for use in medicine, plays an important role in the detailed study of the sequence of teeth in the upper and lower parts of the jaw system. You can look at the drawing in detail to understand how the teeth look in the open position of the jaw.
Baby teeth
Non-permanent teeth in children fall out and are replaced by molars, as a rule, in the age category of 6-7 years. But sometimes there are some inconsistencies in these years, associated with the special characteristics of the organism. The dental formula can be an aid in learning these features.
To see how the renewal of the teeth will be carried out, one should slightly understand the specificity of the dentoalveolar structure and its specifics. Despite the fact that milk teeth are usually cut after the child is six months old, they are formed in the very first stages of pregnancy. This is a rather lengthy and difficult process that ends during the third trimester of pregnancy. And as soon as the baby is born, the rudiments of permanent teeth begin to emerge in him. And in this regard, it is necessary to take care of the he alth of temporary teeth, since infection with caries of a milk tooth may well spoil the germ of a permanent one.
What is the difference
The dental formula of a set of milk teeth has some differences with permanent ones. An adult has 32 teeth, a child has 20 milk teeth. Often milk lossteeth happens when the molars are already being cut. Often parents worry that the action of teething, as well as prolapse, may be accompanied by pain for their child. But for the most part, their worries are in vain, since such an option is virtually ruled out. The situation is such that during the period of preparation of the dentoalveolar system for the replacement of teeth, the roots of the milk ones gradually begin to disappear. And that's why the teeth begin to loosen and fall out, and permanent ones grow in their place. As a rule, development occurs from the lower incisors. Teeth fall out gradually, and the whole stage lasts from 6 to 8 years.
Dental formula in children
The clinical or detailed formula of milk teeth in a child is marked with Roman numerals in this form:
V IV III II I II III IV V
V IV III II I II III IV V
It turns out that each half of the jaw of the upper and lower lines has 2 incisors (I, and II), 2 large permanent teeth (IV and V), and 1 canine (III), small molars are missing, the entire jaw has 20 teeth.
