A beautiful smile gives a greater chance of success in personal and social life, it gives more confidence to a person. In order for a smile to be flawless, it is necessary to devote a little time to oral hygiene every day. However, in the modern world, there are many different problems associated with the human oral cavity, the solution of which will take much more time than a few minutes a day. One such problem is misaligned teeth.
Basic concepts: correct and incorrect bite of teeth
Teeth bite is a certain structure of human jaws. Any bite can be attributed to one of two categories: correct and incorrect bite of the teeth. Malocclusion is called disocclusion. Each person has his own individual structure of the jaw and only an orthodontist can assess the state of the bite. The fact is that malocclusion is not always a pathology and often does not require any maxillofacial interventions. An orthodontist is a dentist with a high level of professionalism,deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases and various disorders of the dentoalveolar part of the face.
Signs of correct bite of teeth
The correct bite in humans involves the arrangement of the teeth in such a way that the top row covers the bottom row by a third, and the upper molars are in close contact with the lower ones. With the correct bite, the upper arch of the teeth is characterized by the shape of a semi-oval and its size should be larger than that of the lower one. With a correct bite, there is no crowding of teeth.
A person with a perfect bite has a harmonious oval face with complete symmetry of the lower part. The bite of the teeth is correct and incorrect, one might say, a conditional definition, because. correct bite occurs in a small percentage of people. Small deviations from the norm are more common.
The teeth do not overlap, but when closed they form one straight line and clearly close around the entire perimeter, this type of connection of the teeth is called a direct bite.
When closing the teeth, the lower part moves forward a little. Such a bite in dentistry is called prognetic.
When the teeth are closed in one line, both jaws rush slightly forward, such an bite in dentistry is called a biprognathic bite.
It is worth noting that various bites of teeth can lead to speech defects: correct and incorrect. Speech therapy will help to cope with various deviations in speech.
What gives the right bite
Correct and incorrect bite of teetha person affects the state of the organism as a whole in different ways. Correct bite allows you to chew food more thoroughly, which reduces the likelihood of problems with the digestive system, allows you to keep the full functioning of the teeth as long as possible. At the same time, the load on the jaw joints is distributed evenly, periodontal tissues are not subject to mechanical damage, speech abilities develop without complications.
Bad bite
Mistake is a kind of pathology that leads to serious violations.
The inability of the dental system to cope with its direct functions makes a person's life not only uncomfortable in terms of eating, talking and breathing, but also develops various complexes in him. With a strong anomaly of the dentition, distortion of the shape of the face occurs. Incorrect bite leads to a large number of damaged teeth.
Varieties of malocclusion
Orthodontists identify five main types of malocclusion:
- Distal, with such an occlusion, both parts of the jaw have an abnormal structure: the upper part is strongly developed and the lower part is weak.
- Mesial, with such an occlusion, the lower part of the jaw has an abnormal structure. Such a structure negatively affects the appearance of a person and the basic functions of the jaw.
- Deep bite. Due to the incorrect structure, the main load falls on the distant teeth.
- Open - this is the most difficult variant of the abnormal location of the jaws in the oral cavity. With such an overbite, the upper andthe lower jaws do not touch each other. This pathology most affects diction, chewing food and swallowing.
- Crossbite is most common in young children, with this bite the lower jaw will move to the right or left of the upper part.
We examined the bite of the teeth, correct and incorrect. The photo below will provide an opportunity to get acquainted with a couple of popular anomalies.
Main causes of deviations
The causes of malocclusion are completely diverse, each case must be analyzed individually in the doctor's office. So, the distal occlusion is formed as a result of complex chromosomal mutations, infections in early childhood or due to pathologies that are inherited.
The correct and incorrect bite of teeth is greatly influenced by childhood traumas associated with damage to the dentition of the face. Childhood diseases such as rickets or tumors also lead to the formation of pathologies.
Also, the process of forming the correct bite is influenced by a balanced diet, which the child should receive according to his age. Already at the 20th week of life, the process of tooth mineralization begins in the baby, but if the baby is breastfed, then the mother needs to eat as many foods containing fluorine and calcium as possible.
Another reason why an overbite is formed isincorrect prosthetics.
Bite in children
Choosing teeth correctly and incorrectly in children is a separate issue. It is at an early age that the jaw is formed and the foundations of the future bite are laid. In breastfed children, the correct bite is formed more often than in artificially fed children. The main reason that can lead to pathologies is a large hole in the nipple, because in this case the lower jaw is not involved in the work.
Another cause of malocclusion is bad habits like thumb sucking. This seemingly harmless habit creates a gap between the teeth.
Frequent colds (sinusitis, rhinitis, etc.) also negatively affect the development of the jaw at an early age
Prevention of deviations
For the formation of the correct bite, it is necessary to pay special attention to the dentition from the first days of the baby's life, this will allow you to get rid of long and expensive treatment in the future.
During the formation of permanent teeth, it is necessary to consult an orthodontist, who, in case of malocclusion, will prescribe the optimal treatment.
Treatment
Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment in the field of orthodontics are very extensive and able to cope with complex cases themselves. Teeth bite correct and incorrect treatment is varied, each patient must be selectedown set of events.
The main methods of dealing with malocclusion include the following.
Removable mouthguards. This method of struggle is suitable for patients in whom the process of forming permanent teeth has not yet been completed. This group includes children under the age of 13-15 years. It is convenient to put on a mouth guard at night, this method will help in the fight against minor pathologies, such as single clusters and twisting of teeth.
Installation of braces. With this method, braces are installed on each tooth, they can be either metal or ceramic. It is necessary to wear such systems constantly. The period of treatment depends on the nature of the pathologies. It is worth noting that this is the most common method of dealing with malocclusion. Often, to correct a large grouping, one or more teeth have to be removed in order for the others to move apart. As a result, all empty spaces will be filled, the bite will even out. The method is suitable for both adults and children.
Surgical correction of malocclusion. This method is used to correct very complex pathologies when other methods fail to obtain a result. These operations usually take several hours and are performed under general anesthesia. During the surgical intervention, it is possible to correct completely or partially malocclusion of the third degree of complexity, various deformities of the dentition of the face, asymmetry of the jaw bones.
Laser effect on oral tissues. itnecessary for rapid tissue regeneration, especially required for surgical intervention. This is an additional method of treatment, it is not used on its own to correct the bite. Laser exposure can be applied to the correct and incorrect bite of the teeth, as this promotes rapid healing and prevents complications.
Bite pathology is a common problem
The problem with bite is not only found in humans, for example, dogs also suffer from this disease. Teeth bite is just as common in dogs as it is in humans. The main causes of this anomaly are very similar to the causes of pathologies in humans, these are genetic diseases, a large load on the teeth, and injuries. It is necessary to deal with this problem, since an incorrect bite often leads to injuries to the palate, tongue, and makes it difficult to chew food. It is quite difficult to determine the correct and incorrect bite of teeth in puppies, since after the 28th week, when the entire milk row of teeth has been practically formed, there is a change to permanent (molars) teeth.
Methods for dealing with malocclusion in dogs
The method of treating bite in dogs can only be determined by a doctor with a certain qualification. The most common non-surgical methods are removable and non-removable systems. Fixed structures include metal structures, similar to braces that are installed by people. And removable plates includeacrylic or rubber rings. They fit snugly to the dog's teeth and are removed during meals. This method is effective only up to a year, the further process of bite correction takes place with the help of braces.
