Approximately 30% of people sooner or later face diseases of the shoulder joints of the hands: even if in their youth they managed to avoid injuries or serious illnesses, by old age the "shelf life" of the skeleton will come to an end. In addition to the elderly, at risk are those who inherited weak bone joints, as well as athletes, people engaged in physical labor, obese, diabetic and other chronic diseases. What diseases of the shoulder joint are there?
Bursitis
Bursitis is the name of a disease of the shoulder joint. This is an inflammatory process in the synovial bag, which can have a chronic or acute course. Inside it, a large amount of fluid is formed and accumulates. And the first symptom of the disease is fever and general malaise. Also, patients note the appearance of pain and swelling in the place where the synovial bag is affected. Gradually, the joint is limited in movement. On palpation, the presence of fluctuation is noticeable, which confirmsfluid accumulation. About the symptoms and treatment of the disease of the shoulder joint, the name of which is "bursitis", we will tell further.
In the future, the symptoms only increase, so the temperature rises to 39-40 ° C, and the pain intensifies so much that they cannot be removed with improvised means. If we talk about advanced cases, then soft tissues can be affected by a purulent infection. This will lead to the development of phlegmon.
Bursitis treatment
If a patient with a disease of the shoulder joint - bursitis - was given appropriate treatment in a timely manner, then it is quite possible to succeed. In some cases, this does not happen, so the bursitis from the acute stage becomes chronic.
First, the patient must take care of the complete rest of the affected limb. Along with this, it is recommended to take medications that relieve inflammation and pain. Sometimes a tap is needed to remove excess fluid and administer corticosteroids.
If an infection joins the underlying disease, then an antibiotic is prescribed and, if necessary, a second puncture is performed. Also, the doctor may recommend drainage, which allows you to rinse the cavity with an antiseptic and antibiotic. In an advanced case, the bursa is excised by surgical intervention. This is followed by a treatment suitable for festering wounds, but the healing process can take a long period of time.
Tendinitis
Tendinitis is an inflammatory disease that occurs near the tendon. Itcan develop in acute and chronic stages.
In the latter case, a degenerative process is gradually noted in the affected tendon. The main symptomatology is the occurrence of severe pain, especially when making movements. In addition, swelling, hyperemia and local temperature increase are noted on the affected area of the tendon. Doctors can prescribe not only conservative treatment, but also surgical. When identifying chronic tendonitis, it is important to prevent the onset of an exacerbation.
Another characteristic symptom of the disease is associated with the occurrence of a crunch during movement, and it can be quite quiet and, conversely, too loud.
Trendinitis treatment
Drug treatment for shoulder disease, the symptoms of which are higher, is the use of an analgesic and an anti-inflammatory drug. True, in addition to eliminating the symptoms, the doctor must deal with the eradication of the causes themselves.
Almost all patients are helped only by a conservative technique. It includes taking a non-steroidal drug to relieve inflammation, as well as bed rest and the gradual start of rehabilitation. If a person is at rest, then this will avoid aggravating the situation. You can significantly improve the condition with the help of an ice compress and tightening the limb with an elastic bandage. Experts recommend raising the affected arm or leg to a certain height.
Shoulder capsulitis
This diseasecharacterized by inflammation and damage to the articular bag of the shoulder. In the future, capsulitis leads to complete immobilization of the hand, which means disability.
Symptomatology and treatment
Symptoms of shoulder joint disease depend on the stage of the disease, of which there are four. Common signs for them are severe discomfort in the shoulder area when moving, as well as acute pain. Stages of capsulitis:
- Simple.
- Spicy.
- Chronic.
- Adhesive.
Determination of the stage of the disease is carried out only by a specialist who conducts a number of studies, including an x-ray. You should not start the disease. A long non-intervention of doctors leads to a strong fusion of bone tissue right in the joint, which finally hampers movement.
Treatment is determined based on the stage of the disease, the individual structure of the human body and the pain threshold. At the first stage, anesthetic ointments and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. When fixing the joint, pain is reduced, but this affects the timing of shoulder recovery.
For acute pain, doctors use injections containing glucocorticosteroids. Important stages on the way to recovery are laser and magnetic therapy and massage in combination with medicines. This combination contributes to the speedy recovery and healing of the shoulder joint.
After the course of treatment, doctors strongly recommend physical therapy. But this should be done under the supervision of a specialist who will help restore joint mobility throughbalanced loads.
Neuritis of the brachial nerve
Under neuritis is understood the course of the inflammatory process in the nerve itself. Many call this disease shoulder joint neuralgia. Of course, pain is noted in the shoulder area, but due to the anatomy of the shoulder joint, the disease is associated with damage to the nerve ending.
Symptomatology manifests itself depending on the course of the disease. For example, during physical exertion, quite severe pain will be felt in the arm. There is a feeling of weakness in the upper part, but gradually it leads to muscle atrophy. On palpation from the outside, the patient may talk about a decrease in sensitivity. On the side of the lesion, the shoulder drops, the patient's elbow is extended, and the arm is turned inward.
If the lower part is affected, then there is a violation of the motor activity of the hand. There is also loss of sensation in the forearm and hand. This leads to the development of atrophic paresis, that is, reduced strength and muscle tone.
Treatment of neuritis
In modern medicine, such inflammation is easily cured with a conservative method. Almost all patients manage to cope with the disease. After the end of the treatment, muscle strength and tone are restored. If we talk about the main treatment options for neuritis, here we can highlight:
- drugs for pain relief;
- massage;
- physiotherapeutic procedures;
- special gymnastics.
Acute stagehuman shoulder disease requires intensive care to completely eliminate pain.
Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine
Osteochondrosis is a disease of the spine, during which the intervertebral disc is damaged. If the disease proceeds without treatment, it will spread to nearby tissues.
The main symptom that indicates the presence of such a problem is a feeling of pain in the back, neck and lower back. Negative dynamics is manifested by muscle atrophy and loss of sensitivity. Without timely therapy, osteochondrosis enters a stage that is no longer treatable. The intensity of symptoms is determined by the stage of the disease.
Treatment of osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis can be cured only through an integrated approach. The duration of therapy depends on the course of the disease and sometimes reaches several months. To consolidate the result and prevent the development of relapse, it is recommended to perform supportive measures for 1 year.
The conservative method involves taking medication and doing certain exercises. This helps to relieve pain, as well as restore the ability of the spinal column to function normally. Surgical intervention requires the absence of positive dynamics, as well as further progression of the disease. Treatment of shoulder joint disease with folk remedies will be effective only in combination with medication.therapy.
In addition, patients need to follow some guidelines. For example, change your diet and remember to take action for a speedy recovery.
Arthritis
There are several types of arthritis, and each of them has its own characteristics. But the most common is osteoarthritis. Other species include gout and arthritis of infectious origin.
If we talk about the symptoms, then it includes the appearance of edema and changes in the articular structure. This leads to damage and pain in the joint area. Gradually, it may lose its functionality.
Arthritis treatment
You can maintain the condition of the joints with the help of a variety of devices. These include a splint, tourniquet, and bandage that reduce stress on the joint.
It is important to do moderate exercise as it reduces pain. The joints themselves acquire flexibility, which has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the body. It all depends on the inflamed joint and the course of the disease. Before classes, it is recommended to consult with a specialist.
You need to avoid stressful situations, and learn to relax. If you are overweight, try to lose it. Doctors advise giving up alcohol and foods that contain animal fats and proteins.
From medicines, only two groups of drugs that relieve pain and also eliminate inflammation are suitable. With regular use, you canget rid of joint swelling. You should inform the specialist about all over-the-counter drugs that the patient is taking. If gout is diagnosed, then it is imperative to start treatment with a means to block the formation of uric acid.
Arthrosis
What is the name of the disease of the shoulder joint, during which the cartilage is destroyed? This is arthritis. There is also a pathological change in the capsule and bone structures located nearby. Most often, such a disease manifests itself against the background of metabolic disorders. Arthrosis is characterized by severe pain, and in the morning there is stiffness and limited mobility. Gradually, the symptoms begin to progress, but this process proceeds differently for everyone. Almost all patients talk about such a first sign as a crunch with any movement.
The doctor prescribes a certain treatment for arthrosis in order to prevent the destruction of cartilage and preserve the main function of the joint. Therapy includes local and general techniques. If the patient is in remission, then he is prescribed physical therapy, and the exercises themselves are selected in accordance with the stage of arthrosis.
During the exacerbation of the disease, the doctor prescribes non-steroidal drugs that relieve the inflammatory process. Some patients are advised sedatives and muscle relaxants. The dosage is selected by a specialist in accordance with all contraindications.
If the articular surface is destroyed, then an arthroplasty procedure is performed.
Cervical disc herniation
When pain occurs in the neck, an intervertebral hernia is almost always diagnosed. If we talk about the main symptoms, then it is expressed by the manifestation of acute or dull pain in the neck, as well as between the shoulder blades. Sometimes it passes into the arm, so numbness is felt in the upper limbs. With certain movements, the pain begins to intensify.
Some patients with a herniated cervical disc are at risk, as they have a high likelihood of spinal cord compression. This condition is considered serious enough that the doctor proceeds to an aggressive treatment plan. If a person has gait disturbances and it is difficult for him to perform precise movements with his hands, then this indicates compression of the spinal cord.
Hernia treatment
Most of the patients get rid of herniated discs without surgery. The specialist prescribes certain medications that help relieve inflammation and swelling. To eliminate intense pain, it is recommended to take strong analgesics. Also, quite often a technique is prescribed, which is based on the conduct of physiotherapeutic procedures.
If the conservative technique does not bring the desired result, then the specialist decides to perform the operation. To eliminate compression of the nerve, it is required to remove the disk itself. The intervention is performed using a minimally invasive technique, that is, without the presence of large incisions. Through a minimal incision, specialized thin instruments are inserted andfixtures. We are talking about a microscope and an endoscope.
Shoulohumeral periarthritis
About 80% of patients suffering from shoulder pain have periarthritis. It is associated with the course of the inflammatory process inside the joint capsule, which does not lead to significant changes in the cartilage tissue. There are several forms of periarthritis, each with its own symptoms.
First of all, patients talk about the occurrence of pain when moving. Initially, they have little intensity. If you rotate your hand through force, then the feeling of pain increases significantly, but completely disappears after the cessation of all movements of the affected limb. In the acute form of the disease, the pain already becomes unbearable and radiates to the cervical spine. Puffiness also appears, and discomfort is activated at night. In some cases, there is an increase in body temperature. If periarthritis is not treated, then the disease passes into the chronic stage with sluggish symptoms.
Treatment of periarthritis
All patients, regardless of the form of the disease, require timely and correct therapy. With its help, you can not only eliminate pain, but also relieve the inflammatory process. Doctors recommend acupuncture and manual therapy sessions. For a quick effect, it is recommended to consult an acupressure specialist.
If there is significant tension in the shoulder joint, the doctor will perform manipulations to stretch it. For this, traction techniques are used. Almost the same result can be obtained after visiting a chiropractor.
Myalgia
Almost every one of us has encountered the problem of muscle pain, but few people know that this phenomenon has a separate name - myalgia. In people with this diagnosis, pain is most felt in the neck, spine and limbs. The causes of such a disease are constant fatigue, stress, rheumatism, metabolic disorders, and a sedentary lifestyle. At first, the disease manifests itself as pain after exercise or with unsuccessful movement, general weakness appears. The main signs of this disease are: swelling, bouts of nausea and vomiting, fever, headache and dizziness.
Therapy focuses on finding causes and eliminating them. The treatment is carried out in a complex way, this includes taking medications and therapeutic exercises. Of the medicines, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs are mainly attributed. Warming ointments are also highly effective. A set of special exercises is developed individually for each patient. Apply the procedure of electrophoresis, as well as UV radiation.
Traditional medicine also helps. Widespread means are warm baths, mud wraps and paraffin therapy, tea from nettle, primrose flowers and other medicinal plants (20 g of the mixture pour 200 ml of boiling water, boil for 3 minutes, cool for 45 minutes, strain and drink 2 tablespoons 3 times per day before meals). Also very effectiveacupuncture. It helps to increase fluid microcirculation and stimulate natural responses.
Of course, other diseases are included in the list of diseases of the shoulder joint, but we have considered the most common of them.
