A smear from the cervical canal allows the doctor to generalize the idea of the microflora of this canal. It is this analysis that allows you to prescribe a competent and effective treatment. Cytology smears are usually performed by two main medical methods: material inoculation and microscopy. The first method is of great diagnostic value.
Doctors take smears for cytology no earlier than twenty-four hours after douching, because this procedure significantly reduces the number of microorganisms before sowing. Normally, the flora should contain lactobacilli in a quantitative composition of at least 10x7. In addition, it may contain E. coli up to 102x, enterococci up to 10x2, yeast fungus in an amount up to 10x2 CFU / ml.
Cytology smears can detect the presence of opportunistic strains of bacteria that often cause a strong inflammatory response. For example, staphylococci, saprophytes, E. coli, enterococci, and so on.
Even the appearance of the cells of the epithelium of the internal female genital organs can tell the doctor a lot. For example, increased quantitativethe composition of acidophilic cells with a very dark nucleus indicates the presence of estrogen in the body during the period of ovulation, the doctor can determine the exact time of ovulation in a woman by exfoliating vaginal cells or even identify a lack of estrogen, which leads to atrophy of the entire epithelium of the diseased vagina.
When examining a woman's smear from her cervical canal, an experienced doctor will be able to determine any oncological diseases of the body itself and the cervix by the presence of certain tumor cells. Specialists carefully analyze the size, location and shape of the atypical cells present. Such a smear also allows the doctor to recognize the presence of a serious infectious lesion of the female vagina.
When the analysis is normal, the cervical canal is completely sterile. If a cytology smear showed a significant number of leukocytes, then this indicates inflammation. The causes of the inflammatory process and microflora disorders directly in the cervical canal can be: hormonal changes (lack of estrogen, which often happens during menopause), complete failure to comply with basic hygiene rules, metabolic disorders, any inflammatory processes in the urinary organs, the negative effects of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial therapy.
As a rule, the development of the inflammatory process depends entirely on the characteristics of the pathogen itself and the general condition of the entire female immune system. It can be either acute or advanced chronic inflammation.
Umany women after menopause and in patients of reproductive age, the boundary line is actually localized within the outer os itself. According to statistics, cancer comes from the transformation zone. For these reasons, Pap smears are of the utmost importance and should be done regularly by every woman.
During a preventive examination, as a rule, it is more expedient to obtain a smear material from the cervical canal directly from the vaginal part (from the surface) of the cervix and from the walls of the endocervix itself.
