Lung cirrhosis is a pathological disease that entails irreversible changes in the cells of the lung tissue. Cirrhosis, which occurs in the tissues of the body, can be both in the lungs and in the liver and kidneys. The disease is accompanied by the fact that complete or partial changes occur in the structures of these tissues. In some cases, a seal appears or various kinds of deformations occur. Cirrhosis of the lungs in the ICD-10 is listed under the general code J60-J70.
What is this?
The disease itself is an overgrowth of connective tissue in the lungs. Cirrhosis refers to an extremely severe, deep stage of pulmonary tuberculosis. With this disease, gas exchange is disturbed, pulmonary edema also occurs with cirrhosis, the pleura thickens and the state of he alth worsens. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor your condition in order to prevent the development of the disease.
Forecast
Cirrhosis of the lungs causesmetabolic processes are disturbed, there is a violation of the work of the bronchi. They can deform, shrink or change their physiological features. It is these factors that demonstrate the appearance of this disease. It can be seen with a special x-ray.
For cirrhosis of the liver and pulmonary edema, which provokes the disease, is characterized by a long course of the disease. The appearance of pathology can be both on 1 part of the lung and on 2 sides. Both in the first and in the second case, sclerotic formation of lung tissues occurs. Also, deformations are subjected not only to the bronchi, but also to the organs themselves.
How is disease classified?
There are several types of such a disease. Specialists have a certain classification of cirrhosis of the lungs:
- Local damage to lung tissue. Most often, this leads to deformities of the upper segment of the organ. These patients are dangerous to others, as they can shed mycobacteria in small quantities and thus spread the disease to other people, causing relapse or infection with cirrhosis of the lungs.
- Frequent relapses of cirrhosis. Patients who suffer from this type of ailment often experience low-grade fever. The body becomes toxic and dehydrated. In this case, the fibrous tissue begins to actively grow and can fill absolutely the entire lung. And in this case, you can often meet a bilateral lesion. This is due to the fact that bronchogenic seeding occurs.
- Bronchiectasis is a type of cirrhosis of the lungs. This disease is more severe. It is accompanied by the release of bacterial sputum. This disease is extensive, difficult to diagnose and treat, and secondary infection is possible with this disease. If the patient suffers from this type of disease, then it is necessary to carry out surgical treatment. Patients who have this diagnosis should be aware of the poor prognosis.
- Infections that cause complete destruction of organs and tissues. During the period of time when the main stage of progression occurs, pulmonary and heart failure develops, and fibrous tissue appears. The patient is constantly in a feverish state, the body is dehydrated, exhausted. In order to improve the patient's condition, infusion treatment is used.
Cause of occurrence
Unfortunately, the causes of cirrhosis of the lung are varied. The disease can appear as a result of advanced tuberculosis or in the case of other pathologies of the organs and systems of the body.
In recent years, it has been noticed that during long-term treatment with antibiotics, the formation of cirrhosis begins. But often this disease occurs against the background of chronic fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis. Pleurisy, which is formed during an illness with tuberculosis, can be a source of various pathologies.
Tuberculosis
The main cause of cirrhosis of the lungs is tuberculosis. It is necessary to find out what is the main provocateur.
Bacteria provoke the development of this disease. The appearance of symptoms of cirrhotic tuberculosis is carried out for a long period. Often, doctors noted the fact that the disease developed over years and decades. But there are rare cases when tuberculosis develops rapidly and leads to complications. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the various age characteristics of the human body. Everyone is well aware that in the process of aging all organs weaken, and elastic fibers are no exception. Previously, they performed a protective function, but when they lost their abilities, they allowed the formation of emphysema.
There is no specific category of people who are more likely than others to develop cirrhosis of the lungs. Patients can be both young and older people.
Unfortunately, this disease also occurs in childhood. In order for lung disease to begin to actively develop, several complications must affect them. For example, this happens when the work of the cardiovascular system is disrupted.
Also, a limited form of cirrhosis may appear as a result of focal tuberculosis. This is due to the fact that the ventilation of the lungs is disrupted and the small bronchi are emptying.
Surgical intervention as a factor in the onset of the disease
It has often been reported that cirrhosis developed after surgery, and frequent inhalation of inorganic and organic dust waste can also adversely affect the lung and cause fibrosis. Whenif the patient has pathologies associated with surgical procedures, or inflammation develops in the walls of blood vessels, all this can provoke the appearance of cirrhosis of the lungs.
Symptoms
The symptoms of this disease are undulating. It can both declare itself for a long period, and disappear before exacerbation. Most patients who suffer from this disease complain of increased coughing, as well as the appearance of strong sputum, there may be pulmonary bleeding and expectoration with blood clots.
As soon as these symptoms appear, this indicates that new foci of inflammation have arisen and they are already moving to other parts of the lungs. As the disease progresses, body systems will also be destroyed, other organs will be affected.
Signs
Also, patients complain of shortness of breath. Asthma attacks intensify, sputum began to have an unpleasant odor. The disease leads to disruption of the cardiovascular system. Quite often, fluid accumulates in the lungs with cirrhosis, the liver acquires uncharacteristic dimensions, and in some cases the disease is also accompanied by amyloidosis.
As already mentioned, cirrhosis is a very slow disease that can develop over the years and become chronic. Patents often suffer from chronic bronchitis, and against this background, cirrhosis of the lungs develops. If this disease develops due to tuberculosis, then the main symptomis the diffusion of emphysema.
Diagnosis of cirrhosis of the lung
In order to identify this disease, it is necessary to conduct a number of very complex studies. Symptoms are observed, changes in the lungs are checked, deformation appears and other respiratory pathologies are monitored. But there are basic methods that doctors use in practice:
- First of all, you need to find out the patient's symptoms, listen to complaints: the appearance of coughing, shortness of breath, weakness, intoxication. All this is very important. The doctor, after listening to the patient, makes an anamnesis. The first symptoms are a direct indicator of pathology.
- After the patient has been examined, the doctor starts listening to the lungs, he determines the degree of damage. In addition to being auditioned, the lung is also tapped. The patient will need to go for a spirography. This is necessary in order to determine if there is a violation of the respiratory function, as well as to establish the volume of the respiratory organs.
- The next step in the examination is a chest X-ray. It is performed using a special apparatus - it takes a picture, and after it it becomes clear whether there is a deformation in the lungs. As an additional study, a magnetic resonance tomograph can be used. It will allow you to more accurately determine the degree of development of the pathology, as well as identify the exact changes in the lungs.
- Often, doctors also prescribe a biopsy. A piece of lung tissue is taken using endoscopy and examined under a microscope. It is also studiedstructure at the microscopic level.
In addition to the fact that it is necessary to undergo a whole series of diagnostic procedures, it is also necessary to pass tests. First of all, a blood test is taken. It must be expanded. You will also need to collect sputum.
All these procedures will allow you to more accurately determine the intoxication of the body, make the correct diagnosis based on the information received, prescribe treatment and determine which antibiotics sensitivity appears.
Treatment
In order to cure this disease, it is necessary to use symptomatic therapy. It has the main direction - to reduce oxygen starvation, as well as contribute to the normalization of the heart muscle.
In some cases, when the disease is more serious, doctors resort to surgery. In this case, the patient must be placed in a hospital and complete therapy. Also, among other things, it is necessary to constantly monitor the course of treatment in order to choose the right tactics for further drug therapy.
Phases of therapy
Antibacterial treatment for cirrhosis of the lungs has two phases:
- The first phase is intense: the patient is given several antibiotics at once, combining them with various prophylactic drugs.
- In the second phase, treatment continues, aimed at the destruction of microbacteria that are in a dormant state.
In this case, the patient is prescribeddrugs that stimulate the regeneration process. Also, this course is preventive - it fights the reproduction of microorganisms inside the lung. Compliance with the doctor's prescriptions will help you quickly get rid of the above-mentioned disease and not return to it for quite a long time.
