Surgery in translation from Latin means a complex effect on the human body in order to treat organs. It is a procedure for separating and connecting tissues, i.e. accompanied by an operating injury.
Usually the process consists of several stages. They are as follows:
- Surgical access by exposing the diseased organ.
- An operative appointment in which a surgical procedure is performed.
- Surgical exit, implying a comprehensive work to restore damaged tissues.
The impact on the human body can be temperature (cryosurgery, thermocoagulation, etc.), ultrasonic, electric current (for example, electrocoagulation), laser, radio frequency.
Types of surgeries
Surgery by nature can be divided into radical, palliative, symptomatic.
Radical surgery should completely remove the cause of the disease (cholecystectomy for cholecystitis, for example).
With palliative interventions, the cause of the pathological process is partially eliminated, facilitating its course. They are performed in cases where the radical option is inappropriate for some reason.
Symptomatic surgery is performed to alleviate the patient's condition. Executed when the first two are not possible. It often complements radical treatment.
In terms of urgency, surgical interventions can be emergency, planned and urgent. The purpose of the first is to save the life of the patient, they are performed immediately after an accurate diagnosis is established. For emergency indications, for example, conicotomy to restore airway patency or a puncture of the pericardial sac in case of cardiac tamponade.
An elective surgical operation is performed after preliminary preoperative preparation or for organizational reasons.
Urgent is performed in the first hours after the patient's admission to the inpatient department.
Diagnostic surgical interventions are biopsy, puncture, laparocentesis, laparotomy and arthroscopy. Such operations can sometimes be dangerous for the patient. They are carried out if there is no other way out.
Scheme of operation
First, indications are determined, during which a decision is made what kind of it is needed. Then, possible contraindications that prevent surgical treatment are clarified. After that, it is important to select and prepare tools designed for a particular operation. Preparations underwaypatient, anesthesia, after which the actual surgical intervention takes place.
Medical workers adhere to certain requirements. They perform the following actions before and during the procedure:
- put on before entering the operating room shoe covers, cap, surgical mask;
- pre-operative hygienic washing and hand sanitizing in progress;
- surgical operation is performed with sterile gloves;
- they are changed, as well as masks, every three hours.
