Not all diagnoses, even well-known ones, are understandable to patients, presented as an abbreviation from the International Classification of Diseases. What does the diagnosis of SGM mean? The decryption will be presented in the article. We will also determine the causes of this condition, the degrees of its severity. Consider alarming symptoms, diagnostic methods, first aid, treatment.
Meaning of the abbreviation
Let's imagine the interpretation of the diagnosis of SGM. It's a concussion.
You can also find another abbreviation in the medical record. This is ZCHMT SGM. What does she mean? Closed craniocerebral injury, concussion.
Now let's turn to the classifier. What does SGM mean in ICD 10? In the International Classifier of Diseases, certain pathologies, injuries, diseases and pathological conditions are encrypted under certain codes. As for the concussion, it is under the code S06.1.
What is this?
We got acquainted with the decoding of the diagnosis of CGM. What does it appear to be? SHM and PTBI are closely related. After all, a concussion isone of the types of traumatic brain injury.
In most cases, this is an easily reversible violation of any brain function, which can occur due to a severe bruise, blow to the head or even a sudden movement of it. Experts believe that due to SGM (you already know the transcript of the diagnosis), there is also a temporary disruption of interneuronal communication.
Expression of injury
What is SGM? As a result of a blow, bruise or sudden movement, the bones of the skull and the substance of the brain come into contact. This is fraught with the following:
- Changes in a number of chemical or physical properties of neurons (the cells that make up the brain). This may lead to a change in the spatial organization of protein molecules.
- Pathological effect on the entire mass of the substance of the brain.
- Temporary disconnection of signal transmission, as well as the relationship between the synapses of cellular neurons and brain regions. Synapses are places of contact between a pair of neurons. Or between the neuron and the effector cell receiving the signal. This is the cause of various functional disorders.
Severity of condition
Specialists identify three main degrees of concussion:
- Easy. The victim has no impairment of consciousness. However, he may suffer from headaches, disorientation in space, nausea, dizziness for a short period after the injury (no more than half an hour). After that, the state of he alth usually returns to normal. There is also sometimes a briefincrease in body temperature (up to 38°C).
- Average. Loss of consciousness is not diagnosed. But the following is noted: nausea, dizziness, headache, disorientation in space. This is observed more than 20 minutes after the injury. In some cases, the so-called retrograde amnesia is added: the victim does not remember what happened a few minutes before the injury.
- Heavy. Such SGM is accompanied by loss of consciousness for a short period of time - from several minutes to several hours. Retrograde amnesia develops - the victim cannot remember what happened to him. He notes pathological symptoms within 1-2 weeks after the injury - these are nausea, headache, disorientation, decreased performance, dizziness, disturbances in both appetite and sleep.
Symptoms
What are the symptoms of a concussion in a child and an adult? The surest is the presence of any head injury. After all, even a small bruise can lead to CGM.
Symptoms of a concussion in adults can usually be as follows:
- Confusion for a short period of time.
- Dizziness. Moreover, it is observed at rest. If a person changes the position of the body, turns, tilts his head, it intensifies. The reason for this is a violation of blood circulation in the vestibular apparatus.
- Pulsating headaches.
- Weakness.
- Tinnitus.
- Nausea. Maybe a single vomiting.
- Confusion,slowness in movement, incoherent or slow speech.
- Double vision in the eyes - diplopia. If the patient tries to read, he experiences eye pain.
- Photophobia. Moreover, a painful reaction is possible even to a normal level of illumination.
- Increase sensitivity to noise. The patient is annoyed even by familiar sounds.
- Incoordination.
As for the latter, it's fairly easy to install. Ask the person with their eyes closed to touch the tip of their index finger to the tip of their nose. Another option for testing coordination is to walk in a straight line, placing one foot behind the other. Then spread your arms to the sides, close your eyes and try to take a few small steps also along the same line.
Definition of CGM in children and the elderly
Symptoms of a concussion in a child are expressed with certain features. Particular attention here should be paid to infants and young children - often CGM is not accompanied by a violation of consciousness, which makes concussion difficult to establish for a non-specialist.
Therefore, the following warning signs should be checked:
- At the time of injury, the child's skin turns pale (most often the face). The heart rate may increase, followed by drowsiness and lethargy.
- With regard to infants, the warning signs of CGM after a head injury are regurgitation during feeding or vomiting, sleep disturbance, general anxiety. These symptomsstop on their own after 2-3 days.
- In preschool children SGM proceeds without impairment of consciousness. At the same time, the child's condition improves on its own after 2-3 days.
In the elderly, CGM is accompanied by loss of consciousness much less frequently than in young people, middle-aged people. But concussion manifests itself more as a disorientation in space and time. Victims complain of throbbing headaches in the back of the head.
Such disorders in the elderly are diagnosed within 5-7 days. More intense in patients suffering from hypertensive pathologies.
First Aid
Let's analyze the main measures of PMP for concussion:
- If the victim has lost consciousness, it is necessary to call an ambulance as soon as possible. First, lay it on a hard, flat surface on the right block, bend your arms at the elbows and legs at the knees. Tilt the person's head slightly up, then turn to face the ground - so the air will better pass through his respiratory tract. This also prevents aspiration - the penetration of foreign objects and substances.
- If the victim is bleeding, then a hemostatic dressing should be applied to the wound.
- If a person woke up, or fainting did not happen to him, you should lay him horizontally, put a soft object under his head so that it is somewhat elevated. Keep him awake - do not let the victim fall asleep until the doctors arrive.
- All people with head trauma should be screened atemergency room. According to the decision of the specialist, they can later be sent for outpatient therapy to a neurologist. In severe cases, the victim is hospitalized in the neurological department for diagnosis, monitoring of his condition, treatment.
- If a person is unconscious, and you are not able to independently determine the severity and nature of the damage, do not try to move, move, turn over. Take care only that nothing constrains his body, nothing interferes with free breathing. If necessary, remove any liquids (such as vomit), solids, or any small objects from the respiratory tract.
Home diagnostics
How to install SGM yourself? There are several methods available for diagnosing a concussion:
- It hurts the victim to look away. He can't take him to the edge.
- In the first hours after injury, there is a slight constriction or, on the contrary, dilation of the pupils. Their reaction to light remains normal.
- Slight asymmetry of both skin and tendon reflexes. They will be different on the right and on the left side. For example, the left knee jerk may be somewhat livelier than the right. But such a sign is changeable - in a few hours it may return to normal.
- Horizontal shallow nystagmus (that is, involuntary trembling) when looking away to the extreme position. The patient follows a small object in the examiner's hand. In the case of SGM, there isslight return movement of the pupil.
- The appearance of unsteadiness in the Romberg position: the patient is asked to bring the legs together, extend the arms in front of him parallel to the floor and close his eyes.
- Slight tension of the occipital muscles (may end on its own after 3 days).
Medical diagnostics
But with SGM, you cannot do without professional methods for diagnosing the patient's condition:
- MRI for concussion.
- X-ray of the skull and cervical spine.
- Encephalography.
- Computed tomography.
- Echoencephaloscopy.
- Taking a lumbar puncture.
- Research of the fundus.
Therapy
Of course, you should not look for concussion pills on your own. Incorrect or insufficient treatment is fraught with CGM with the following:
- Chronic imbalance.
- Psychic changes.
- Chronic limb trembling.
- Post-traumatic syndromes - persistence of increased fatigue, persistent memory impairment.
Therapy for SGM is prescribed complex:
- Sedatives.
- Analgesics.
- Sleeping pills.
- Metabolic and vascular therapy.
- Tonics.
Treatment will not be effective if the patient does not stay in bed for 5-7 days. Depending on the severity of the concussion, the correctness of following the doctor's advice, improvementthe patient's condition occurs in a couple of weeks.
Home Treatment
Is it possible to treat a concussion at home? Only if your doctor allows it: the damage is not serious enough to hospitalize the patient.
The following is written here:
- Compliance with bed rest, good sleep.
- Lack of physical and mental stress.
- Taking prescribed medications. Means are prescribed to improve cerebral circulation, which reduce headaches. Medications to relieve unpleasant symptoms such as nausea and dizziness.
- Drugs with neuroprotective properties may be prescribed - improving the course of vital processes in the brain.
- In some cases, it is necessary to take sleeping pills and sedatives.
- At the stage of rehabilitation, the doctor may prescribe nootropic, general tonic drugs.
For a month after the injury, it is not recommended to go in for sports, heavy physical work. It is necessary to give up long reading, watching TV, using a computer and a smartphone. It is recommended to listen to calm music, but do not use headphones.
SHM is an injury that needs medical supervision. Only a doctor can prescribe the correct treatment after a comprehensive diagnosis. All his orders are binding! Otherwise, the patient may receivechronic complications.
