The modern rhythm of life does not always allow us to adhere to a food culture. Snacks on the run, late dinners, eating fast food - our body endures all this for the time being, periodically giving distress signals in the form of rumbling and pain in the abdomen, heaviness, flatulence. Who among us has not experienced such manifestations and who seriously paid attention to it? Certainly few. But in vain. All these signs may indicate the development of dyspepsia in the body - a pathology that is the background for the occurrence of serious diseases of the digestive tract.
In our article we will deal with issues related to dyspepsia. Let's find out how pathology is associated with such a phenomenon as the decay of proteins in the intestine. The causes and treatment of the disease will also be considered in the materials of the article. Let's try to understand what can be done in order to maintain he alth and avoid such a pathology.
What is dyspepsia?
Dyspepsia is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract associated with indigestion.
Pathology occurs due toeating disorders, often due to insufficient amounts of digestive enzymes in the body.
Dyspepsia is a disease that is a consequence of a disease of the gastrointestinal tract and in itself does not lead to death, but significantly reduces the quality of human life. The manifestation of dyspepsia may result in such phenomena as putrefaction of proteins and amino acids in the intestines, fermentation of food in the intestines, etc.
Depending on what kind of enzymes are missing, they distinguish:
- cholecystogenic dyspepsia - a disease resulting from impaired bile secretion;
- hepatogenic dyspepsia is the result of liver diseases;
- gastrogenic dyspepsia - a pathology resulting from dysfunction of the stomach;
- pancreatogenic dyspepsia - a consequence of a lack of pancreatic enzymes;
- enterogenic dyspepsia - a pathology that occurs when there is a violation of the secretion of intestinal juice;
- mixed dyspepsia - a pathology that combines the signs of several of the above varieties of the disease.
If untreated, the pathology becomes chronic and can provoke serious functional disorders of the body, such as metabolic imbalance - a fatal phenomenon for patients with diabetes mellitus, etc.
The process of digestion
Simplistically, the process of digestion looks like this. From the oral cavity, food enters the stomach, where it begins to break down under the action of gastric juice and hydrochloric acid. Food is digested andpartly through the walls of the stomach enters the bloodstream. Since the food mixture interacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach, the balance of acid and alkali in the body changes - acidity increases in the stomach. However, the pH level returns to normal after the digested food enters the small intestine.
The transition of processed food from the stomach to the intestines is carried out through the pyloric valve, which periodically opens and closes with a constant change in the environment in the small intestine.
Excessive acidity is neutralized by intestinal juices. Due to the neutralization of the contents of the intestine, the pH level periodically changes from alkaline to acidic, and vice versa.
The stomach and small intestine (albeit for a short time) are protected by high acidity from putrefactive microflora, which contributes to the decay of decay products. There are no microbes in these parts of the digestive tract, including putrefactive ones.
Due to the lack of enzymes, food is not completely digested. The decay products undergo pathological processes, the formation of toxic products of decay of proteins in the intestines occurs, accompanied by the release of gas.
Types of dyspepsia
Any food consists of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The percentage of these substances in different products is different. Therefore, human nutrition should be varied - with food, he should receive all three components. However, the abuse of any products can cause malfunctions in the digestive system and lead to the development of dyspepsia.
There are three forms of the disease:
- Putrid dyspepsia is a type of pathology that develops as a result of excessive consumption of protein, especially one that takes a long time to digest. It can be red meat, pates, sausages. A favorable environment is created in the body for the development of putrefactive microflora, which causes decay of proteins in the intestine. Treatment of this form of dyspepsia is aimed primarily at unloading the gastrointestinal tract and restoring the balance of normal intestinal microflora.
- Fermentative dyspepsia occurs when excessive consumption of foods containing carbohydrates. These include flour products, sweets, cabbage, legumes, honey, as well as mash, kvass, pickled vegetables. Such products contribute to the development of fermentation microflora, as a result of which fermentation occurs in the digestive chain.
- Fatty dyspepsia is a type of pathology that develops against the background of increased consumption of foods containing large amounts of fat. These include pork or lamb fat. Fat indigestion is sometimes called soapy.
Causes of putrefactive dyspepsia
Putrid dyspepsia develops not only as a result of excessive consumption of foods high in protein. The cause of the pathology can be stale meat products, as well as a low amount of enzymes in the body - intestinal proteases, pepsin, trypsin. The lack of enzymes is often due to a person's lifestyle, but sometimes it can manifest itself ascongenital defect.
If there is a lack of substances that decompose proteins in the body, or there is a lot of protein food, then it does not completely decompose, but in a semi-processed form it enters the large intestine. There it decomposes, but not under the influence of normal microflora, but under the influence of opportunistic pathogens.
The latter, rapidly developing, suppresses the normal environment and contributes to the emergence of dysbacteriosis, and opportunistic bacteria penetrate into the lower sections of the small intestine and start the processes of decay in it.
Rotting is exacerbated by additional proteins that secrete the intestinal wall with increased peristalsis. In the process of decay, toxic substances are formed that are absorbed into the bloodstream and cause intoxication of the body. The main task in the treatment of dyspepsia is to find a way to stop the decay of proteins in the intestine. And the ways of neutralizing toxic products in the body also need to be determined.
It is important to remember that, within reasonable limits, eating the above products does not lead to pathological disorders in the body. However, an excess of such food or eating it in the evening, when the activity of the intestines is reduced, causes undesirable consequences and affects the body negatively.
Symptoms
As noted earlier, dyspepsia is a background for the development of diseases of the digestive tract, so the signs of the manifestation of pathology are similar to the symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders. Manifestationsfunctional dyspepsia depend on the type of pathology.
Fatty dyspepsia, for example, is manifested by heaviness in the stomach, belching, flatulence. Patients report pain in the abdomen, aggravated by eating. The stool is quite plentiful and often contains interspersed undigested food.
Fermentative dyspepsia is characterized by strong rumbling in the intestines, flatulence. Patients report pain in the upper abdomen, as well as frequent trips to the toilet. In this case, the stool has a sour smell and a liquid consistency. The result of fermentation in the intestines is also frequent constipation.
Symptoms of fermentation should never be ignored. Lack of proper treatment leads to gradual contamination of the intestinal walls. At the same time, the protective film of the mucous membrane ceases to be produced, which in the future will allow pathogenic bacteria to become more active. Over time, fecal stones form in the intestines.
Patients suffering from fermentation dyspepsia also note an external sign of the manifestation of the disease - the so-called "fecal" stomach. It occurs because the intestines sink under the weight of unprocessed food.
Manifestations of putrefactive dyspepsia
Dyspepsia of decay leads to the release of toxic substances in the body, such as cresol, skatole, phenol. As a result of reactions, gases are formed that cause manifestations of flatulence. The gas tends to expand and press on the walls of the intestines, resulting in unrest in the abdomen. The reason for this is the decay of proteins in the intestines. Symptoms of a pathological condition are complemented by unpleasantcolic and pain. An inflammatory process develops in the intestine. The organ narrows, and “plugs” form in narrow places, which stretch the non-inflamed areas.
With putrefactive dyspepsia, intoxication of the body occurs, so the patient feels a breakdown, weakness, and a decrease in efficiency. He may be disturbed by dizziness and headaches, sometimes with an illness there is a slight increase in body temperature.
Pathology is also characterized by nausea and vomiting, bloating and pain in the abdomen, frequent mushy dark stools with a fetid putrid odor.
Indigestion putrefaction takes two forms:
- chronic,
- spicy.
The acute form occurs after excessive single consumption of protein, for example after overeating barbecue at a picnic. This ailment is temporary and quickly resolves on its own or with the help of medications that contain enzymes.
Chronic dyspepsia is indicative of severe GI dysfunction and requires diet, lifestyle changes, and medication.
Diagnosis
Dyspepsia screening is quite varied and includes many components. In addition to a doctor's examination, there are laboratory diagnostic methods that detect protein decay in the large intestine - biochemistry, UAC, as well as instrumental research methods.
During the examination and conversation, the doctor identifies symptoms that may indicatethe patient has diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, makes up a general picture of the patient's he alth, decides which diagnostic methods to resort to.
In almost all cases, the patient is sent for a general analysis of urine and blood. Often, a patient is given a detailed blood test if protein rotting in the large intestine is suspected (biochemistry).
To determine the type of dyspepsia, the patient's feces are analyzed. Sometimes a breath test or a fecal antigen test is required. The breath test allows you to determine the type of microorganisms that lead to disturbances in the digestive tract.
The occurrence of dyspepsia is evidenced by a large number of unprocessed muscle fibers in the feces, stools contain ammonia and have an alkaline reaction. In a he althy state, the environment should be acidic.
Fecal analysis helps to distinguish dyspepsia from an inflammatory process in the intestine - in the case of the pathology under consideration, there are no erythrocytes, leukocytes and mucus in the studied biological material.
The diagnosis is also confirmed by the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - intestines, stomach, pancreas identified in the process of instrumental methods of examination.
Instrumental methods of research
In order to correctly prescribe a treatment regimen for a patient, it is necessary to establish which of the digestive tract organs has failed. After the laboratory tests, if there is a suspicion of rotting proteins in the intestine (biochemistry, OAM, OAC), they proceed toinstrumental research methods. At this stage, organic diseases with symptoms similar to dyspepsia should be excluded from consideration.
The spectrum of ongoing research is diverse. The most common examination technique is endoscopy, during which the condition of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines is examined. During the procedure, a small piece of mucosal tissue is often taken for histological analysis. The study allows us to judge the presence or absence of the spiral bacterium Helicobacter pylori in the body.
In addition to endoscopic examination, there are:
- Ultrasound diagnostics, which helps to identify diseases such as chronic pancreatitis, gallstone disease, etc.
- Electrogastrography and electrogastroenterography are procedures that detect malfunctions of gastroduodenal motility. The technique is based on the study of the ability of the muscles of the walls of the stomach and intestines to contract under the influence of electrical impulses. Electrogastrography examines the motility of the stomach, electrogastroenterography is a young technique that examines intestinal motility.
- Stomach scintigraphy helps to identify indigestion due to low stomach muscle activity (gastroparesis).
- Esophagomanometry is a procedure that evaluates the ability of the esophagus to contract.
- Antroduodenal manometry assesses motor skillsduodenum, and stomach. The method is based on the registration of pressure in the stomach, duodenum and jejunum, which is performed simultaneously.
- Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a manipulation that can be used to detect an ulcer, stomach tumors, reflux esophagitis in a patient.
- X-ray.
Treatment of putrid dyspepsia
Treatment of patients diagnosed with putrefactive dyspepsia begins with a strict diet. This measure is necessary in order to unload the gastrointestinal tract, stop the decay of proteins in the intestine. And the neutralization of toxic decay products released during putrefactive dyspepsia can be avoided by food restrictions. Initially, the patient is prescribed hunger for 1-1.5 days, they are allowed to eat only weak unsweetened tea and water. This is followed by a diet that excludes from the diet for several days:
- carbohydrates - bread and pastries;
- dairy products;
- marinades and pickles;
- fried foods;
- semi-finished products.
If there was a severe intoxication of the body, the patient is prescribed intravenous droppers with nutrient solutions (5% glucose solution, etc.). Gradually, carbohydrates are introduced into the patient's diet, but at the same time, the consumption of vegetable fiber with coarse fibers is limited. As a rule, after a few weeks the patient's condition returns to normal - you can gradually introduce protein into his diet. Fermented milk products help to stop the processes of decay.
Stool normalization is facilitated by the use of astringents,adsorbents, such as activated carbon, help get rid of the manifestations of flatulence.
Anspasmodics ("No-Shpa") relieve the patient of pain manifestations by stopping spasms of the intestinal muscles.
In case of enzyme deficiency, the patient is prescribed replacement therapy, together with which it is recommended to take B vitamins.
In some cases, antibiotic therapy may be required, relevant when there is a threat of infectious or inflammatory bowel disease.
Fermentative dyspepsia. Traditional medicine recipes
Therapy for fermentative dyspepsia is similar to the treatment of putrefactive dyspepsia. At the initial stage, they resort to fasting - for 36 hours the patient does not eat anything except unsweetened tea. Then gradually introduce food in small portions. The patient's diet should consist of products that do not cause fermentation processes in the intestines. These products include:
- fruits, vegetables, berries, milk, almonds are alkaline foods;
- honey;
- vegetable food that is recommended to be chewed as long as possible and not consumed in the evening;
- mineral water.
Drinking regimen is incredibly important for dyspepsia, patients are advised to drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day.
In case of enzyme deficiency, patients are prescribed chemically synthesized substances, with emphasis on the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases that have led to a lack of their own enzymes in the body.
There are times when it is necessary to take antacids that reduceacidity of the stomach, as well as taking prokinetics - drugs that activate digestive functions.
Dyspepsia occurs not only in adults, but also in children. Treatment of fermentation processes in the children's intestines is also carried out by following a weekly diet based on the minimum consumption of foods containing carbohydrates.
In addition to drug treatment, sometimes they resort to traditional medicine recipes based on the use of plant materials. For example, decoctions of dill, lemon balm, chamomile, pomegranate peel help with flatulence.
Homeopaths recommend applying warm compresses to the abdomen, performing a light massage at the site of pain localization - the procedure will help eliminate pain and accelerate gas separation.
The general recommendation in the prevention of dyspepsia is one thing: you need to chew food thoroughly, do not eat at night, do not overeat. And remember that the balance of acid and alkali in the body is very important. With a sensible approach to nutrition, your body will feel great.
Based on the above, the following conclusions can be drawn. Dyspepsia is a pathology that is the result of improper eating behavior of a person. It leads to the development of serious diseases of the digestive tract in the body.
In medical practice, according to the classification, there are several forms of dyspepsia. One of these is putrefactive dyspepsia, which is inextricably linked with such a phenomenon as the decay of proteins in the intestine. Biochemistry, serological studies, endoscopy, ultrasound - all these methods are actively used in the diagnosis of dyspepsia. With timely screening, the pathology responds well to treatment.
