Vaccinations have existed since the time of Catherine. Thanks to them, thousands of victims were saved. Undoubtedly, there is always a risk of side effects after vaccination, but the task of every parent is to protect their child from serious diseases. Only a competent approach to vaccinations and awareness will help to avoid terrible consequences. Next, consider what is DTP vaccination. Komarovsky, a well-known children's doctor, will help prepare the child for vaccination and possible side effects with his advice.
Decipher DTP
What do these letters mean?
- A is adsorbed vaccine.
- K for whooping cough.
- D for diphtheria.
- C - tetanus.
The vaccine consists of weakened bacteria - the causative agents of the above diseases, adsorbed on the basis of aluminum hydroxide and merthiolate. There are also cell-free vaccines, more purified. They contain particles of microorganisms that stimulate the body to produce the necessary antibodies.
Note what Dr. Komarovsky says: “DPT vaccination is the most difficult and can be difficult for a child to tolerate. Complicatesits portability is the pertussis element it contains.”
One vaccine will protect against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. These diseases can lead to a sad outcome, and how dangerous they are, we will consider further.
Dangerous diseases
DTP vaccine will protect against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. Why are these diseases dangerous?
Whooping cough is a disease caused by an acute infection. There is a very strong cough, which can provoke respiratory arrest, convulsions. A complication is the development of pneumonia. The disease is highly contagious and dangerous, especially for children under 2 years of age.
Diphtheria is an infectious disease. Easily spreads by airborne droplets. Severe intoxication occurs, and a dense plaque forms on the tonsils. Swelling of the larynx may occur, there is a great threat of disruption of the heart, kidneys and nervous system.
Tetanus is an acute and infectious disease. The nervous system is damaged. Reduces muscles on the face, limbs, back. There are difficulties in swallowing, it is difficult to open the jaws. Dangerous violation of the respiratory system. In most cases, death. The infection is transmitted through lesions on the skin and mucous membranes.
When and to whom do DTP
From the birth of a child, a vaccination schedule is set. If you comply with all the timing of vaccinations, the effectiveness will be high, the child in this case is reliably protected. DTP vaccination, Komarovsky draws attention to this, should also be donein a timely manner. Since the baby is protected by the mother's antibodies only in the first 6 weeks from birth.
Vaccination can be domestic or imported.
However, all DTP vaccines, regardless of the manufacturer, are administered in three stages. Since immunity weakens after the first vaccination, it is necessary to re-vaccinate. There is a rule for DTP vaccination:
- The vaccine should be administered in three stages.
- In this case, the interval between vaccinations should be at least 30-45 days.
If there are no contraindications to vaccination, the schedule looks like this:
- 1 shot at 3 months.
- 2 shot at 4-5 months.
- 3 shot at 6 months.
In the future, the interval should be at least 30 days. According to the plan, DPT vaccination is carried out at:
- 18 months.
- 6-7 years old.
- 14 years old.
Adults can be vaccinated once every 10 years. In this case, it is necessary to observe the interval between vaccinations, it should not be less than a month and a half.
Very often, one vaccine contains antibodies against several diseases. This does not burden the child's body at all, since they are easily tolerated. So, for example, if DPT and polio are vaccinated, Komarovsky notes that they can be done at the same time, since the latter has practically no side effects.
Vaccine against polio, oral, "live". After it, it is recommended not to contact unvaccinated children for two weeks.
How long protection lasts
After thatas the DPT vaccination was made (Komarovsky explains it this way), the immune system begins to produce antibodies to measles, diphtheria and tetanus. So, it was found that after vaccination in a month, the level of antibodies in the body will be 0.1 IU / ml. How long the protection will last depends largely on the characteristics of the vaccine. As a rule, immune protection is calculated for 5 years. Therefore, the interval of scheduled vaccinations is 5-6 years. At an older age, it is enough to do DTP once every 10 years.
If the DTP vaccine is done, then the chances of getting diphtheria, tetanus or measles are very low. It is believed that a person in this case is protected from these viruses.
In order not to harm the body, it must be remembered that there are a number of contraindications.
Who should not do DTP
DTP is one of the vaccines that is difficult to tolerate in childhood. And if before that there were no reactions to vaccinations, then it can cause side effects. In order not to cause unwanted consequences of DTP vaccination, Komarovsky advises paying attention to the reasons why vaccination should be canceled.
The reasons may be temporary, these include:
- Cold diseases.
- Infectious diseases.
- Increased body temperature.
- Exacerbation of chronic diseases.
In such cases, it is necessary to cure the child, and only two weeks after complete recovery, you can do DTP.
DTP vaccination should not be done if there isthe following diseases:
- Deviations in the work of the nervous system that progress.
- Previous vaccinations were very difficult to tolerate.
- Child had a history of seizures.
- Previous vaccinations caused febrile seizures.
- Immunodeficiency.
- Special sensitivity to or intolerance to vaccine components.
If your child has any disease, or you are afraid that the DTP vaccination will cause unwanted consequences, you should consult a doctor. You may be given a vaccine that does not contain whooping cough toxoids, because they can cause adverse reactions.
Vaccination may also be delayed if the child:
- Diathesis.
- Light weight.
- Premature baby.
- Encephalopathy.
Under these conditions, vaccination is possible, but preparation for DTP vaccination, Komarovsky emphasizes this, should consist in stabilizing the state of he alth. It is best to use a cell-free, highly purified vaccine for these children.
Possible conditions after vaccination
What are the possible consequences after the DPT vaccination? Reviews Komarovsky gives various. And all side effects can be divided into mild, moderate and severe.
Typically, the reaction to the vaccine appears after 3 doses. Perhaps because it is from this moment that the immune defense begins to form. The child should be observedespecially in the first hours after vaccination and for the next three days. If the baby gets sick on the fourth day after the vaccination, then it cannot be the cause of the disease.
The occurrence of adverse reactions after vaccination is a very common occurrence. Every third person may have them. Mild reactions that resolve within 2-3 days:
- It is possible that the temperature will be raised after the DTP vaccination. Komarovsky recommends knocking it down at the very beginning, you should not wait for an increase to 38 degrees. It is necessary to shoot down only "Paracetamol" or "Ibuprofen". This reaction may occur 2-3 hours after vaccination.
- Often a child's behavior changes after an injection. He becomes moody, whiny. This state may last for several hours. Perhaps the baby is worried about pain after the injection. The reverse reaction is also allowed. The child's activity will decrease, even a slight lethargy may appear. Loss of appetite and drowsiness are also possible.
- The injection site may become red and slightly swollen. This is also an acceptable reaction, but swelling should not exceed 5 cm, and redness should not exceed 8 cm. The injection site can be painful, so you need to protect it from unnecessary touching and movement.
- Probably vomiting.
Moderate and severe side effects
It is impossible to exclude manifestations of more serious side effects. They are much rarer:
- Temperaturebody can rise to 39-40 degrees.
- Possible febrile seizures.
- The injection site will become significantly reddened, more than 8 centimeters, and there will be swelling of more than 5 centimeters.
- Diarrhea and vomiting will occur.
If such reactions to the vaccine occur, it is urgent to take the child to the doctor.
In very rare cases, more severe adverse reactions may occur:
- Anaphylactic shock.
- Quincke's edema.
- Urticaria, rash.
- Convulsions with normal body temperature.
DTP is a vaccine (Komarovsky notes this especially), which causes such side effects in one case per million.
This reaction may appear in the first 30 minutes after the injection. Therefore, the doctor recommends not to leave immediately after vaccination, but to stay near the medical facility during this time. Then you should show the child again to the doctor. All this is done in order to be able to provide the necessary assistance to the baby.
Your actions after vaccination
In order for a child to tolerate the vaccine more easily, it is necessary not only to prepare for it, but also to behave correctly after it. Namely, follow some rules:
- Baby should not be bathed in the tub and the injection site should not be wet.
- Dr. Komarovsky recommends walking, but don't walk in public places.
- Spend these 3 days at home without visitors, especially if the baby has a temperature or is naughty.
- Indoor air should be moist and fresh.
- You should not introduce a new product into the diet a week before vaccination and after. If the baby is breastfed, mom should not try new foods.
- Parents of children with allergies should be especially careful. Talk to your doctor about which antihistamines to give before and after vaccination.
How to behave in case of adverse reactions
Slight adverse reactions are still possible. Since the DTP vaccine is considered the most difficult for the body, especially if the child had previously had negative reactions to vaccinations. What to do in case of side effects after DTP vaccination:
- Temperature. Komarovsky recommends constantly monitoring it. Don't wait until 38, give an antipyretic as soon as it starts to rise.
- If there is swelling or redness at the injection site, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor. Perhaps this drug did not get into the muscle, but into the subcutaneous fat, because of this, swelling and induration may appear. In any case, a doctor's consultation is necessary to alleviate the child's condition and exclude possible complications. If it's just a slight redness, it will go away within 7 days and you don't need to do anything.
In order to avoid side effects, you should take seriously the preparation of the child for vaccination. More on that later.
How to prepare your child for DTP vaccination
Komarovsky gives some simple and necessaryTips:
- Show the child to the pediatrician, who must examine and correctly assess his condition. In other words, to confirm that the child is he althy.
- If your child is allergic, an antihistamine should be given 3 days before vaccination. Before this, you should consult your doctor about the drug and its dosage.
- It is best to visit a neurologist and take urine and blood tests. Especially if before that the child suffered any disease.
- Don't overfeed your baby on the day of the shot.
- If there is a suspicion that the child may become ill, and also if someone in the family is sick, it is worth delaying the vaccination.
- The vaccine must be of good quality and properly administered.
Should I do DPT?
Vaccination denials can now be observed. Remember: the disease threatens with much greater problems than the consequences that arise after the DTP vaccination. Reviews Komarovsky, according to him, heard different things about vaccination, but there are always more pros than cons. After all, having been ill with diphtheria or tetanus, there is no immunity to these diseases. Medicine does not stand still, and vaccines are becoming more purified and safer. It's worth thinking about it. No need to risk the he alth and life of the child. A high-quality vaccine, an attentive doctor can reduce the risks of developing side effects. He alth to you and your children.
