Stomatitis is a generalized diagnosis of a whole subgroup of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. The disease can be triggered by a number of reasons: the activity of pathogenic agents, an infection, a weakened immune system.
Specialists separately distinguish drug stomatitis, which is an allergic reaction to any medications or their components. The disease is characterized by the appearance of bubbles and rashes on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, the occurrence of pain, discomfort. The dentist can determine the source of drug-induced stomatitis after a survey and certain tests.
Description of pathology
In severe irritation, redness, rashes, infection is not always to blame. As a rule, this is how the body responds to the use of potent drugs.
Appearthe disease can both after the use of one tablet, and after a long therapeutic course, against the background of the use of oral or injectable drugs. An allergic response to medications is completely unpredictable, and even modern medicine does not completely eliminate the possibility of developing negative symptoms.
Age of patients
The disease can affect patients of all ages, but most often drug-induced stomatitis develops in adolescents and young children. In some cases, the disease is accompanied by such dangerous allergic manifestations as anaphylactic shock, angioedema. Such allergy symptoms can lead to irreversible consequences. That is why when the primary signs of stomatitis appear, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
Causes of occurrence
Specialists divide stomatitis into several subspecies, but all of them affect only the mucous membrane in the oral cavity. Drug stomatitis is an individual reaction of the body to the drugs taken, accompanied by rashes and atypical irritations on the skin.
Some people mistakenly assume that the disease affects only those who are prone to allergic manifestations, suffer from food intolerances and seasonal exacerbations. Dentists, in turn, testify that such a pathology can take a practically he althy-looking person by surprise.
Drugs that cause stomatitis
Risedrug-induced stomatitis is provoked, most often, by the following medications:
- Phenols.
- Iodine, disinfectants based on it.
- Barbiturates.
- Vaccines, serums containing living cells.
- Pyrosolone drugs ("Butadion", "Analgin").
- Painkillers.
- Various antibiotic preparations belonging to the old generation of drugs.
- Preparations containing iron, lead, mercury.
The reaction to each of these substances can proceed differently. For example, negative manifestations from the use of antibiotics develop, as a rule, by the middle of the therapeutic course, or after its completion. Against the background of the use of painkillers, a rash and itching in the oral cavity occurs several hours after application.
The body reacts the longest to the materials used for filling and containing iron, lead: the resulting oxidation products begin to gradually absorb into the gums and drug-induced stomatitis (we will not present a photo of it, due to unaesthetics), unexpectedly for a patient, develops after several months.
In this regard, experts recommend making preliminary allergy tests if long-term therapy with the use of analgesics and antibiotics is expected. Unfortunately, most doctors ignore this rule by only conducting a formal patient survey.
Symptomatics
Medicated stomatitis ineach person proceeds individually. It is quite difficult for a dentist to determine the pathology, since its manifestations are almost similar to erosive stomatitis. However, the leading signs of drug-induced stomatitis will be the following:
- Patient experiences burning and itching in the mouth.
- The mucous membrane in the mouth dries up, the amount of saliva produced decreases.
- Gums change color to deep red.
- Puffiness develops.
- There are characteristic rashes in the form of blisters filled with a colorless liquid.
- An unpleasant smell comes out of the mouth.
- A rash similar to rashes in the mouth may also appear on the chest and face.
As the disease progresses, the patient's temperature may rise to 38.5 °C, it is possible that the lymph nodes in the neck, in the chin area may increase.
Subtypes of the disease
Medicated stomatitis in children and adults is divided into several subspecies, taking into account its course:
- Catarrhal. This form of the disease is the easiest and causes the minimum number of complications. Rashes are localized on the palatine area, the inner surface of the cheeks. When chewing food and talking, they cause discomfort.
- Hemorrhagic drug stomatitis. It is a complicated form of drug stomatitis. Its main signs are: significant dryness of the mucous membranes in the oral cavity, pain, darkening of the tongue, cracking of the mucous membrane, slight bleeding, swellinggums Dying tissue may be present in some areas.
- Ulcerative drug stomatitis. It is characterized by the occurrence of acute pain when eating. On the surface of the entire mucosa are plaques of various sizes, filled with purulent fluid. When the plaques break through, a whitish coating remains.
Taking into account the degree of damage to the oral cavity, the area of distribution of the reaction of irritation, dentists distinguish: glossitis, cheilitis, drug-induced stomatitis.
Glossitis occurs, as a rule, in children. Edema of the tongue and mucous membrane becomes pronounced in them, a visual examination reveals the imprints of the teeth on the sides. Eruptions filled with liquid are also located around the lips, outwardly resembling herpetic manifestations.
In dental practice, fixed stomatitis is separately distinguished, which develops as a result of the use of antibiotic drugs. A similar effect is given by therapy with tetracycline drugs, sulfonamides, barbiturates. Fixed stomatitis is characterized by the appearance of one or more focal lesions up to 1.5 cm in size. They burst quickly, leaving behind a rather painful sore. A feature of such stomatitis is that the abscess, when the allergenic drug is taken again, is formed in the same place as the previous time.
Diagnosis of medicinal stomatitis
Diagnosing the described disease is a rather difficult task even for an experienced dentist. Primarilythe specialist asks the patient about recent antibiotic therapy, the use of new biological additives. For the diagnosis of medicinal stomatitis are used:
- determination of markers that react to certain drug components;
- analysis of saliva, blood;
- allergy tests.
Stomatitis, which develops against the background of the use of antibiotic drugs, in its manifestations strongly resembles the late stage of erythrema, the catarrhal form of gingivitis. That is why therapy should be carried out under the supervision of a dentist and only after an accurate diagnosis has been established.
Of course, the victim will be interested to know how drug treatment of stomatitis is carried out.
Features of therapy
If signs of drug-induced stomatitis are detected, the use of medications that provoked the complication should be immediately discontinued. The patient is also advised to follow a special diet: the diet should be saturated with foods that can quickly cleanse the intestines of toxic substances. These include cereals, rice, jelly made from sour fruits, vegetables rich in fiber, herbal decoctions. In addition, it is necessary to observe a special drinking regimen, refrain from drinking carbonated, sweet drinks.
With severe swelling and the presence of a large number of ulcers, there is a need for drug treatment of stomatitis in adults and children. Relieve burning, itching, eliminate discomfort and pain will allow:
- antihistamines ("Claritin", "Suprastin", "Zodak");
- subcutaneous injection of adrenaline;
- calcium chloride solution;
- "Dimedrol".
In order to strengthen the immune system, the patient is shown to take vitamin complexes, preparations based on bifidobacteria that restore the intestinal microflora after antibiotic therapy. It is also shown to rinse the mouth several times a day using Chlorophyllipt, Chlorhexidine, Miramistin. At the same time, it is recommended to lubricate each sore with Solcoseryl ointment, which promotes healing. Drug treatment of stomatitis in children is most often carried out using the same means.
Drug stomatitis clears up about 2 weeks after stopping the allergenic drug. To prevent recurrence of the disease, you should carefully study the instructions for the drugs before taking them, always warn the doctor about the likelihood of developing stomatitis.
Aphthous stomatitis
Aphthous stomatitis is separately distinguished by doctors, the occurrence of which is provoked by pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, heredity, rheumatism, viral infections, and allergic reactions. It is a fairly severe form of the disease.
Drug treatment of aphthous stomatitis should be comprehensive.
Symptomatics
The symptoms of the disease are as follows: aphthae (small sores up to 0.5 cm in size) appear in the patient's oral cavity, gray-white in color, framed in redrim. The state of he alth worsens, the temperature rises, and ulcerative lesions cause pain. This form of stomatitis can be acute or chronic.
Drug treatment of aphthous stomatitis in adults
Drug treatment for this type of disease includes topical treatment of the oral cavity with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs to help cope with the affected areas and speed up the healing process.
Oral antibiotics are used as general therapy, but it is recommended to use them only after consulting a doctor.
