Inflammatory process in the neck of the bladder is characteristic of cervical cystitis. This problem is inherent mainly in women, but in rare cases it also occurs in children and men. Painful urination, uncontrolled discharge and urinary incontinence are the main symptoms of the disease. To avoid the transition of pathology into a chronic form and regular unpleasant relapses, it is important to start treatment during the acute phase of inflammation. Often there is sclerosis of the bladder neck in men.
Anatomy of an organ
The main task of the bladder is to store urine transported from the kidneys by the ureters. Urine is excreted when urinating through the urethra. This organ is located in the place of the small pelvis and it looks like a muscle cavity in the shape of an egg, narrowed from below. This narrowed part is located in the place where the bladderpasses into the urethra. This is what is called the neck. The bladder neck in men performs an identical function. The outlet of the urethra and the hilum of the ureters together form the vesical triangle.
The bladder neck is surrounded by a dense circular muscle, which is also double. This is called the external and internal sphincters, which create a seal on the organ. Their function is to contract and relax, that is, to regulate urination. If an inflammatory process occurs in the muscles, these functions are disrupted, as a result of which involuntary urination occurs.
Cervical cystitis of the bladder rarely affects only the neck, most often this process penetrates into the bladder triangle. This pathology is called trigonitis. Inflammation of the bladder neck is a form of trigonitis that affects the lower triangle.
How pathology occurs
The occurrence of an inflammatory process in the neck of the bladder occurs in the same way as in other forms of cystitis. In the first place, the cause may be infection. In rare cases, the disease is not associated with infectious agents. Then cystitis of the cervix can become a reaction to the pathogenic flora: bacteria, fungi, viruses, trichomonas, chlamydia, mycoplasma, Koch's bacillus.
Possible variants of infection
- Descending infection can come from diseased kidneys.
- Pathogenic flora can spread from the genitals and rectum along the ascending path. This is especially true for women because they havethe urinary system is located in a special way.
- Infection can spread through the blood from other infected organs.
- Pathogenic organisms may have entered the body due to bladder surgery.
Causes for the spread of the inflammatory process
- Poor personal hygiene and unprotected intercourse. For women, it is very important to keep the genitals clean, because the rectum and vagina very often become sources of infection. Be sure to constantly shower, wash yourself after going to the toilet, change your underwear regularly, bathe before and after sexual intercourse, change pads on time, use contraceptive methods (in this case, condoms) and follow preventive measures against thrush. If you do not follow these simple rules of personal hygiene, bacteria can easily enter the bladder through the urethra. In most cases, the inflammatory process is the result of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli, Proteus, fungi such as Candida, enterococci and staphylococci.
- Too long or incorrectly selected antibacterial therapy.
- Quite often, cervical cystitis occurs in combination with influenza, herpes and some other infectious diseases, in particular those that are sexually transmitted. In this case, the virus is transported through the bloodstream.
- Due to the fact that the emptying of the bladder does not occur on time and not regularly, its wallsweaken and bacteria can grow on them.
- If we talk about cervical inflammation not due to infectious diseases, then it is worth noting that radiation therapy, parasites in the body, as well as food irritants like spices, alcohol and chemicals also affect the walls of the bladder, causing it to become inflamed. Also, trigonitis can be triggered by a special arrangement of the internal genital organs. So, if a woman's uterus is in an abnormal position, then the tissue of the bladder and bladder triangle will not receive enough blood, which may cause pathology.
The development of the inflammatory process may occur due to hypothermia, swimming in ice water, a weakened immune system, unprotected intercourse, a sedentary lifestyle.
Symptomatics
- The main symptom of this pathology is uncontrolled urination due to the lost sensitivity of the sphincters. It is important to note that spontaneous urination is a complication of the disease. If you start treatment in time, this can be avoided.
- Frequent urge to urinate, decreased amount of urine. In the case of sclerosis of the bladder neck in men, on the contrary, urinary retention occurs.
- The presence of painful, unpleasant sensations in the lower abdomen and perineum (there may be a feeling of pain and burning when urinating). This is also the main symptom of leukoplakia of the bladder neck.
- False urge to urinate.
- Urinemay acquire an unpleasant odor, become cloudy, in some cases impurities of pus or blood appear.
- Uncomfortable, painful sensations may occur during intercourse.
- Urine analysis may reveal the following signs: increased white blood cell count, pyuria (pus), red blood cells may also occur.
Acute disease
The acute form of pathology appears suddenly. To all of the above symptoms, fever, general malaise, drowsiness, lethargy can be added. There is irritability and nervousness due to lack of sleep due to frequent urge to urinate. Acute symptoms usually bother about a week, and then decrease or disappear altogether. However, do not assume that the inflammation has gone away on its own. This suggests that the pathology has become chronic. It is important to start treatment at the first symptoms, otherwise, later, a chronic disease will regularly remind of itself at the first hypothermia or malfunctions in the immune system.
Chronic disease
Chronic inflammation is characterized by less pronounced symptoms, and during remission they are generally absent. That is why many people delay the examination and treatment of the disease, mistakenly believing that the absence of a clinical picture indicates the absence of a problem. However, this can lead to complications. Namely: regular uncontrolled urination, inflammation in the kidneys, ejection of urine from the bladder intoureters.
For a competent diagnosis, cystoscopy is performed, which makes it possible to examine the mucous membrane of the bladder triangle. By the nature and size of the identified pathology, it is possible to determine the type of chronic cystitis. It can be polypous, necrotic, cystic, ulcerative, and catarrhal.
How treatment is given
As soon as you notice any of the symptoms listed above, urgently contact a urologist to undergo an appropriate examination and pass clinical and laboratory tests. This includes giving urine and blood, as well as detecting sensitivity to antibiotics. Depending on the result, the specialist will identify the cause of the spread of the inflammatory process and prescribe a competent course of treatment for the bladder neck.
General treatment recommendations
- In the acute form of the disease, bed rest is recommended.
- During the course of therapy, it is strictly forbidden to go to the pool, sauna, solarium, or play sports (especially active sports).
- You need to drink plenty of fluids, at least 1.5-2 liters a day.
- For the duration of treatment, give up tea and coffee and switch to a diuretic drink: herbal infusions, compotes, fruit drinks from sour fruits and berries.
- Remove irritating foods like preserves, marinades, hot sauces, spices and other spicy foods from your diet.
- Wear underwear made from natural fabrics that won't irritate, chafe orcause irritation. During this period, pay attention, first of all, to comfort, not beauty.
- After the causative agent of the disease has been identified, a course of antibacterial agents is prescribed. It is also mandatory to prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that support the immune system and improve blood flow to the pelvic organs. It is highly desirable to take a vitamin complex.
- In some cases, a specialist may prescribe therapeutic exercises and physical therapy.
Main drug treatment
Never self-medicate. Only a specialist can choose the right treatment depending on the type of disease. The main drugs for the treatment of inflammatory processes include the following:
- Effective are drugs that belong to the antimicrobial group: Ciprofloxacin, Suprax, Furazidin, Monural, etc.
- Herbal remedies can also be very effective: Cyston, Canephron, Phytolysin. They have diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as fight germs.
- In some cases, local preparations may be prescribed: rectal and vaginal suppositories (in case of diseases of the bladder neck in women), instillations. They contribute to the restoration of the mucous membrane, reduce pain and eliminate the inflammatory process.
- For involuntary urination, Detruzitol is prescribed.
- In the complex, you should definitely takevitamin compounds and drugs that increase immunity.
- Surgical intervention is indicated for certain diseases (eg, bladder neck stenosis).
Drugs and the duration of their intake are prescribed by the doctor. Do not self-regulate the course of treatment. Trust a specialist to avoid the transition of the disease into a chronic form and possible complications, up to bladder neck cancer.
