The inflammatory process in the periosteum has a medical diagnosis of periostitis of the lower jaw. The ICD 10 code has the values K10.22 and K10.23. In the first case, the inflammation is in its initial form, the second numbers indicate the chronic form of the disease.
According to ICD 10, periostitis of the lower jaw is divided into two subgroups, but practical forms of the development of the inflammatory process have many more conditions. So, subclasses are distinguished according to the source of tumor development, stage of development, type of complications.
Prerequisites for the development of an abscess
The oral cavity is always exposed to harmful microorganisms. They get there for the following reasons:
- poor quality or poorly processed food;
- through the hands, more often in children;
- internal pathways during tooth inflammation or after tooth extraction.
Often inflammation goes to the cheek area or other tissues of the skull. Imagine a typical periostitis of the lower jaw, the photo indicates a large lesion. The name of the disease describes the mechanism by which the infection spreads through he althy cells - flux means a leak.
Mandibular periostitis lessdangerous than the top. However, do not neglect medical help with the development of primary symptoms. The flux is able to rapidly spread through the internal tissues of the gums and cause cheek swelling. Moreover, the entire process of periosteal tumor formation can be asymptomatic.
Ordinary dental caries leads to sad complications. The bacterial environment disperses throughout the body, causing inflammation of the respiratory tract, lungs, and bronchi. Severe neglected cases of the disease lead to pathological changes in the body. So, an inconspicuous speck on the enamel becomes a problem for the surgeon.
The initial stages of flux can be prevented by periodic visits to the dentist, but many people neglect the prevention of periostitis.
Main pathways of occurrence
Two factors influence the development of a periosteal tumor:
- penetration of bacteria into tissue layers through a wound, which is often formed after tooth extraction;
- purulent processes of the roots of the tooth or internal spread of infection.
Penetration through a he althy mucosa is rarely possible, but if the immune system is weakened, bacteria instantly linger on the mucosa. Lack of dental hygiene contributes to the multiplication of microorganisms in the mouth. At the first internal wound, tissue infection immediately occurs.
Internal infection is more common in young children when the body is weakened by the attack of unknown infections. With age, immunity becomes stronger and not every bacterium is able to overcomeprotective threshold. However, a person deliberately spoils his he alth, not suspecting what consequences await him. Provoking factors can be identified:
- alcohol and smoking disrupt the condition of the mucosa, leading to dry mouth, which facilitates the penetration of various infections;
- not brushing teeth after meals, before bed, in the morning;
- poor diet and immobility;
- internal chronic diseases;
- other infections, such as herpes simplex, when bactericidal vesicles periodically appear on the oral mucosa.
Also, a decrease in body tone contributes to the rapid multiplication of bacteria. A purulent periostitis of the lower jaw is formed, capable of capturing large parts of the facial area.
Causes of acute conditions
The main factor in the development of flux is the lack of timely destruction of bacteria that breed on the teeth. People who observe oral hygiene, use rinses and periodically visit the dentist will never acquire periostitis of the lower jaw. The symptoms of flux always have unpleasant consequences, it is better to prevent it than to deal with a massive attack of harmful microorganisms.
A combination of circumstances can trigger an avalanche of bacteria growth. The immune response promotes the flow of fluid to the site of inflammation, creating large swelling of the tissues. Such complications become possible under the influence of the following reasons:
- Inflammationsurrounding tissues begins under the influence of periodontitis of the teeth.
- Tuberculosis can be a provocateur.
- Infectious cause occurs with a strong decrease in the body's defenses.
- Jaw injuries accompanied by displacement of the jaw bones.
- Allergic swelling of the gums.
- Chemical poisoning.
Existing species
Flux is subdivided according to the type of inflammatory process, the form of the tumor, the time of formation. This information is essential for choosing the right treatment. Here are the possible states of the disease:
- Periostitis of the lower jaw can pass with the formation of pus. Such forms have the largest neoplasms that distort the appearance of the face. Acute forms occur in cases of severe weakening of the immune system during the initial stages of the development of bacterial inflammation.
- The chronic form of the disease develops asymptomatically for a long time. But under favorable conditions, active reproduction of bacteria occurs. The swelling of the gums increases, spreading through the surrounding tissues. This type of periostitis can pass both with pus and without it.
- There is a type of simple aseptic development: tissue decay occurs without the formation of symptoms of inflammation. With this form, blood edema may appear, pain is felt.
- The chronic form is often called periostitis ossificans. With this variant of development, an outgrowth is observed on the bone tissues of the jaw. It is possible to identify a change in the structure by an x-ray examination. Spikes will be visible in the picture,thickening.
- A private type of acute inflammation is serous periostitis of the lower jaw. This disease is formed under the influence of periodontitis. Signs are fever, pain during chewing food and swelling of the tissues. The tooth on the affected gum is more often removed.
- Changed gums can take on the appearance of fibrous tissue. In the process of inflammation, both the tooth itself and the bone parts of the jaw are involved. These changes occur as a result of repeated mechanical impact on one area of the periosteum.
Distinguishing Features
On palpation, only acute periostitis of the lower jaw can often be detected. The symptoms of chronic inflammation are described by the following conditions:
- Deterioration of general well-being with the latent nature of the course of diseases. Often resolves with temperature rising above 37 degrees.
- In young children there is increased tearfulness, restless sleep. Often they refuse to eat food that needs to be chewed at all.
- On palpation, you can detect a thickening of the gum tissue, which responds with pain at the moment of touch. There is also a slight swelling of the cheek.
- Symptoms intensify at the time of reduced immunity. Colds or acute respiratory complications immediately respond with gum pain.
- Acute periostitis of the lower jaw is always a danger to the whole organism. At this point, there is rapid swelling of the cheek or neck area. Swollen tissue is visible on the gum. Pain threshold becomes higher than tolerable.
- Purulent discharge from the gums indicates an extremely difficult situation for the patient. This type is treated only by surgery, a plastic surgeon may be required. This condition occurs when retromolar periostitis of the lower jaw has developed. Problems arise when molars are difficult to erupt.
All acute stages of the development of the disease are accompanied by an increase in lymph nodes.
Distinguishing characteristics of acute forms of inflammation
Any acute purulent periostitis of the lower jaw occurs with visible symptoms. It becomes the result of complications after inflamed periodontitis. The following symptoms are inherent in this condition: severe swelling of the cheeks and gums, pain during chewing food. There is a decrease in well-being. The shape of the face often changes, but the color of the skin remains the same.
A symptom of inflammation is always a thickening of the lymph nodes in the area of periostitis. Advanced stages are described by irreparable conditions for the roots of the affected tooth. It has to be removed during treatment. But often the affected area is treated with antibacterial solutions.
Multi-rooted teeth are not amenable to dental therapies. If they are not removed, then with the further development of inflammation, lymphadenitis may form. Through the ducts of the lymphatic system, the bacterial environment will disperse throughout the body, which will lead to a deterioration in well-being.
Distinguishing characteristics of chronic forms of inflammation
The problem of carious teeth is often overlooked due to lack of time, money, or simply because there is no clinic nearby. Negligent attitude towards your body leads to bacterial inflammation. Chronic periostitis of the lower jaw develops asymptomatically, it can only be detected in the dental office.
The recurrent form occurs under the condition that there has already been periostitis with an abscess. As a result of treatment or lack thereof, a re-development of the bacterial environment occurs. So, periostitis of the lower jaw is formed after tooth extraction, if the cavity was not cleaned thoroughly.
The process of development of inflammation of the periosteum
The initial stages of the development of the disease are invisible to humans. The slow development of inflammation allows bacteria to gain a foothold in the gum tissue. The first symptoms of periostitis can be detected by discomfort in the oral cavity. The tongue notices a slight induration of tissues under the teeth.
The next stage of development is accompanied by the appearance of pain when chewing food. Then redness is formed in the area of the roots of the teeth. The gum becomes inflamed, which leads to increased swelling. The symmetry of the face is broken, it can be seen with the naked eye.
With the further development of edema, the surrounding tissues become inflamed. Redness is noticeable in the cheek area. If there is no treatment for a long time, ulcers form. After a while they open up. Bleeding mixed with the bacterial environment is a danger to the internal systems of the body.
Focuses of inflammation cause infection of the lymph that passes through the entire body. Advanced stages of periostitis can lead to massive tooth loss, so at the first symptoms of soreness, you should visit a dentist.
Types of course therapy
Disease periodontitis almost always leads to a diagnosis: periostitis of the lower jaw. Treatment is carried out immediately in the dentist's office. Local anesthesia is used for any type of therapy. Purulent foci of periostitis lead to the removal of multi-rooted teeth, and the residual cavity is thoroughly washed with solutions. Improper treatment leads to re-inflammation of the periosteum.
In case of periostitis, the periosteum of a single-rooted tooth is often dispensed with without removal, swollen tissues are opened and the canal is cleaned with a solution. Timely therapy will help preserve the working canine. During the tissue repair period, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs are prescribed.
In case of severe pain, it is permissible to use local compresses for pain relief. Therapeutic methods for the destruction of the bacterial environment are widely used. These include ultraviolet radiation, laser and light therapy.
Prevention measures
Periodic check-ups at the dentist help to avoid not only inflammatory conditions, but also maintain he althy teeth. Treatment takes a short time, but a beautiful smile can be maintained until old age. To maintain the body, it is necessary to observe the rules of hygiene,diet, and monitor the development of chronic diseases.
To resist bacteria, the body needs to be supported with vitamins, use mouthwash. In case of infectious diseases, treat wounds in the mouth with special antiseptics. Sweets adversely affect teeth: caramels, chocolates and other confectionery.
People involved in dangerous sports are at risk. Due to the periodic trauma of the jaw, the body acquires a predisposition to the development of flux. The launched stages of the inflammatory process lead to the formation of a passage for the accumulated pus. The condition of the abscess is eliminated for a long time and painfully. It is better to prevent the disease than to deal with unpleasant complications.
