Skin during adolescence in humans is the most striking example of how acne appears and develops. What is this skin disease that occurs as a result of malfunctioning of the glands that produce oily lubricant? Depending on the cause of such a violation, they may have different sources and development mechanisms.
How can I get rid of a small cosmetic defect on my own, and when is the help of a qualified doctor needed?
What are acne and non-inflammatory comedones
In the structure of the skin, the root of each hair is located in a kind of "pouch" - a follicle or hair follicle. Around it are the sebaceous glands that produce lubricant for the rod and the surrounding skin. Fat, with which the body protects the dermis from dryness and attacks by adverse environmental factors, can cause a variety of skin defects, and even diseases.
If, for one of the reasons, the mouths of the follicles or ducts are clogged with dust, dirt or cosmetics, then ahard cork - comedone. In the case when the sebaceous secret accumulates from above, an open comedone is formed, which resembles a white plug in the pore. In the future, it oxidizes, acquiring a black color, and points appear on the face or body with characteristic black heads. There are also internal (or subcutaneous) non-inflammatory acne. What are they and how are they formed? This process is identical to the external one, but it occurs in the deep layer of the skin: the ducts expand, and due to the excessive accumulation of skin secretion, a closed comedon appears in the form of an internal wen. As long as there is no infection in the comedone, it does not develop inflammation.
Classification of inflammatory acne (acne)
Open and closed comedones that do not have inflammatory reactions are the initial signs of acne. Proper face and body care at home, regular visits to a beautician help to quickly get rid of such skin defects, restore the he alth and beauty of the natural cover. If you continue to ignore the emerging comedones on the forehead, chin, back, and other parts of the body, then in the clogged pores, as in containers, bacteria will actively multiply, as a result of which the follicle will become inflamed along with the surrounding tissues and suppuration will occur.
Under the pressure of this mass, the wall of the hair follicle may burst, and thus a pimple will appear. Inflammatory acne in adults and adolescents is divided into papules, which are pink or red nodules raised aboveepidermis, in which there is no white content; pustules are pimples with pus (one to ten millimeters in diameter), having a white head, they are surrounded by an inflamed dermis. A change in the color of the pustules means the addition of a secondary infection. These spherical, cone-shaped or flat formations cannot be treated or pressed on their own, since there is a high probability of blood infection.
Such acne should be shown to a dermatologist, undergo an examination and follow his recommendations. Deep sore pimples are indurated infiltrates with a bluish tint over the surface of the skin. These blackheads are the result of an advanced stage of acne, which can turn into a conglobate form when several of these blue flat spots combine to form a painful focus.
Causes of pimples and acne
There are many factors that contribute to the formation of acne or provoke their appearance. A medical examination helps to identify the root cause of this process. In the first place in terms of prevalence is a surge in the production of hormones and their release into the bloodstream. Most often, it occurs in adolescents, during the restructuring of the body, when intense puberty occurs, which is why acne on the face causes serious feelings. After overcoming the 25-year milestone, acne in any person becomes a reason for contacting a dermatologist and finding out its etiology: an imbalance in the hormonal sphere associated with pregnancy, endocrine diseases, takingcontraceptives or steroids; violations of the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract; malnutrition (due to the abuse of fast food, sweets, fatty foods); reduced immune protection; metabolic failures; genetic predisposition; gynecological problems; illiterate or uncontrolled face and body care; excessive passion for solarium or aggressive peelings; failures in the thermoregulation of the body (its hypothermia or overheating); demodicosis - subcutaneous tick; having bad habits. Violations of the sebaceous glands also occur under conditions of stress, when the adrenal glands activate their work; from excessive hygiene of the skin, with the frequent use of antibacterial agents that destroy the protective lipid film and open access to the infection to the pores; with hyperkeratosis - the accumulation of dead cells of the epidermis on the surface of the skin; with its damage, causing subsequent inflammation; when using drugs containing barbiturates, halogens or lithium, or when working with toxic drugs.
Acne localization
Problem areas with single pimples or multiple rashes can form on the forehead and nose, lips and back.
The most acne-prone area is the T-zone of the face, where a large number of sebaceous and sweat glands are concentrated. However, the cause of acne on the back is no different from the causes of rashes on the face and other parts of the body. In professional athletes, bodybuilders or amateur athletes, activelyinvolved in training, the back is often covered with sweat, which contributes to the accumulation of sebaceous secretion in the pores and pollution of the ducts. This leads to inflammation and acne. Problem areas with acne on the forehead indicate dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract associated with malnutrition, intoxication of the body, constipation and other disorders of the digestive process.
When there is acne on the nose, what happens in the body? These can be catarrhal internal formations, problems with the endocrine and digestive systems, the work of the pancreas, weakened immune defenses. If papules appear on the tip of the patient's nose, then doctors examine the state of his cardiovascular system. The appearance of acne at the bridge of the nose indicates problems with blood circulation (the presence of anemia) or liver dysfunction. Papules on the lips that are not associated with herpes may indicate an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane, and hormonal acne under the lower lip is a consequence of taking contraceptives. Examination of women with acne around the lips can reveal gynecological failures.
Acne stages
Dermatologists usually distinguish between the degree of acne skin damage by the nature of the formations and their number: the first is several comedones (open and closed) on the forehead, nose and chin - no more than 5-6 formations on any part of the face.
Self-treatment is allowed if the development of the disease is stopped and there are no traces; the second - a moderate manifestation of acne - differs from the previous one in the presence of acne closedtype, pustules and redheads, but not more than 11 papules and pustules. In this case, home treatment of minor defects is possible, but if they do not disappear in the 20-21st day, then a visit to a dermatologist is mandatory. The third degree of acne is considered a severe form of skin disease, characterized by many different acne (up to four dozen), some of which are prone to inflammation and suppuration. In the focus there are post-acne symptoms (scars, spots and scars). They increase uncontrollably, capturing neighboring areas of the skin, which is why acne on the face brings moral suffering. It is impossible to crush such acne, to treat it without the help of a professional, too, since these factors threaten the appearance of ugly scars on the surface of the face or blood poisoning if handled ineptly. The fourth degree of acne is the presence of numerous foci with blackheads of various shades, sizes, dark spots and large scars. In places of lesions, conglomerates of several pimples, cysts, nodes may appear, which, with slight friction, begin to fester and bleed. Such complex acne (pimples, acne) should be treated without delay, a visit to a dermatologist in this case should not be postponed, as you can "earn" dangerous consequences for the he alth and beauty of the skin.
Adolescents
Teenagers are especially sensitive to their appearance, so the resulting unaesthetic acne spoil their mood and cause a lot of trouble. Already at the age of 12-15, when puberty occurs, it is necessary to carefully care for the skin. At an early stage of acne, active worksebaceous glands leads to the fact that the skin looks unaesthetic. Fat spots, inflammation, acne and blackheads are the result of raging hormones, the secretion of which normalizes by the age of 25, and then hormonal acne will disappear by itself.
But in order to get beautiful skin without waiting for the promised time, you need to wash your face without using soap in the morning, and in the evening, before going to bed, you can use it or take a cleanser with a moisturizing effect if your skin is of a combined type. Every 7-10 days (if there are no inflammations or abscesses), you need to carry out a peeling procedure using a scrub (ground coffee powder (or its sleeping sediment), sea s alt, Hercules, soda). You can also use cosmetic scrubs from the store that are suitable for your skin type. It is possible to steam the pores only in cases where there is no inflammation on the surface of the epidermis.
Important
Why can't you squeeze pimples on the face of adults and teenagers? If the skin is damaged, an infection can be introduced, which will lead to the formation of unaesthetic scars. Internal acne, located in the deep layers of the dermis, when squeezed out, can move the contents of the eel inside, causing a complication in the form of even more inflammation or thickening on the skin with blockage of many sebaceous glands, and also lead to blood poisoning. An immature painful pimple can, as a result of mechanical action, turn into a cold cyst - a seal that provokes swelling of skin tissues.
Considering the problem of why you can not press acne on the face, expertswarn that the proximity of vessels under pressure can contribute to blockage of blood flow, creating an additional purulent focus. In areas with a thin and delicate dermis (around the eyes, lips, on the temples), scars are especially often formed. You can also not touch the so-called triangle of death with closely spaced blood vessels - the area from the bridge of the nose to the chin, including the nasolabial folds and the area around the mouth.
How to get rid of acne in adolescence: complex treatment
Acne in young people is not uncommon. Fighting acne must begin with a visit to a dermatologist. He will conduct a complete examination and identify the main reason due to which skin defects appear. Very often, along with the appointment of medications, the doctor recommends a he althy diet that reduces the amount of harmful additives in food (preservatives, dyes, emulsifiers, stabilizers, chemicals), as well as excluding the use of fast food, carbonated drinks, fatty, spicy, confectionery and other harmful products.. You need to replace them with sour-milk drinks and cottage cheese, cereals, vegetables and fruits, honey (if there is no allergy), lean meat and fish, and other dietary dishes. To restore skin hydration, young people need to drink at least one and a half liters of pure water (without gas), a little green or herbal tea per day. All this will help to quickly get rid of such a misfortune as teenage acne.
What the latter are, we have already said, but not everyone knows that sometimes they appear in the backgroundtransferred stress, and then the doctor recommends taking sedative medications or dietary supplements. In addition, a dermatologist can prescribe home or professional skin care according to the aesthetic goal. If the process is not started, then it is enough for teenagers to use non-comedogenic care cosmetics without alcohol compounds, sunscreens, optimal nutrition and skin hydration. In addition to the dietary supplement - brewer's yeast with zinc (or sulfur) - the doctor may prescribe antiseptics to care for the outer layer of the skin, adsorbents that improve metabolic processes in the body and cleanse it of toxins from the inside, antibiotics that fight pathological organisms and hormonal agents, if they have a need. At the same time, the doctor prescribes vitamin and mineral complexes, soothing capsules. Independent use of pharmaceutical preparations on the advice of friends and girlfriends, as a rule, does not lead to a complete cure for acne. A visit to a cosmetologist should also be agreed with a doctor when a teenager needs professional care for the dermis and there are no foci with inflammation on the skin.
Medication for acne
Despite the availability of many drugs for acne and pimples, they should be prescribed by a specialist! Self-treatment does not eliminate the cause of the disease and leads to the appearance of an increasing number of foci, complicates the further fight against it. This worsens the condition of the skin. From medications, the doctor can prescribe ointments (retinoic - "Airol", "Retinol A" or salicylic), "Chatterbox" - a suspension with antibiotics and zinc orsulfur, Zinerit lotion with erythromycin, Azelik-Gel or Skinoren cream based on azelaic acid, Baziron AS (benzoyl peroxide), Differin (Adapalen or Klenzit) and Effezel, "Klindovit" (analogous to "Dalacin"), "Curiosin" or "Regecin" with the active ingredient zinc hyaluronate. Against the background of acne treatment, a dermatocosmetologist can recommend hardware procedures: deep cleaning of the face with ultrasound or vacuum, chemical peeling, laser resurfacing, cryo- or mesotherapy, various types of dermabrasion, ozone-oxygen treatment, ELOS-therapy and many other methods of getting rid of defects skin caused by acne.
Homemade mask for acne and blackheads
If there are no inflammatory processes on the skin, and the problematic focus occupies no more than 25% of the surface of the face, then acne and black spots can be neutralized using self-made cosmetics made from clay, egg white, vegetables (cucumbers, pumpkins or carrots), from baking soda, oatmeal or oatmeal, algae powder (fucus or kelp). The clay mask for acne and blackheads cleanses and whitens the skin, tightens pores, normalizes the secretion of sebum, exfoliates dead cells, and has an anti-inflammatory effect. Tea tree oil works as a powerful antiseptic and has an antibacterial effect on the skin. It can be applied both in its pure form (if there is no allergy), or dripped into any mask you like. The protein-lemon composition perfectly cleanses oily, problematic skin, eliminates comedones, tightens pores, fights acne,dries acne and inflammation, brightens overly pigmented areas. To prepare the remedy, squeeze the juice of a lemon - 1 teaspoon - and mix it with one egg white, beating in a mixer at a slow speed. The prepared mass is applied in several layers as the applied one dries. After repeating the procedure 3-4 times, leave the layers to dry to the last. At the end of the session, wash off the remnants of the product from the face with warm water and apply a moisturizer. Soda mass with cucumber is prepared at the rate of: for 1 vegetable chopped on a grater - 0.5 tsp. drinking soda. The mixture is applied immediately after preparation.
A simple and effective mask with activated charcoal and gelatin: recipe
The Charcoal Peel-Off Mask is incredibly popular with women for its ability to bring new life to the skin.
A stunning effect of a clean fresh face can be obtained with several recipes. To increase the effectiveness of the procedure (if there is no inflammation and purulent acne on the skin), it is necessary to steam the face. For the mixture you will need 1 tablet of activated carbon, 1 tsp. gelatin powder and a tablespoon of milk (it can be replaced with water or juice of your favorite fruit (vegetable). Crush the coal and combine it with gelatin, then pour in cold milk or other liquid and put in the microwave for 15 seconds. Apply the warm mixture with a brush or cotton pad on direction from the chin up in several layers. It is impossible to talk during the procedure. After drying, the resulting film must be carefully picked up from below at the chin and pulled up.film from the inside you can see the comedones removed from the pores. This is what a mask with activated charcoal and gelatin looks like. The recipe can be varied depending on the goal and fantasy, adding kefir and whey, honey and berry juice, aromatic oils and clay (blue or green), rose water and aloe juice.
