Among dental diseases, pericoronitis is often diagnosed. The treatment of this pathology is quite simple for an experienced specialist. Therefore, it should not be postponed if the gum is inflamed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe unit that is trying to erupt.
In the article we will talk about what kind of disease it is, how it manifests itself, what are the clinical recommendations, treatment protocols for the diagnosis of pericoronitis. We will also learn about possible complications and preventive measures.
What is this?
If, in the process of teething, inflammation of the soft tissues around it appears, then dentists call this condition pericoronitis or pericoronitis. In most cases, "eights" appear problematically. They are also called wisdom teeth.
Other units in the row are difficult to erupt with anomalies in the development of the dentoalveolar system. Typically, these patientsretention or dystopia is diagnosed. Actually, the incorrect position of some units provokes inflammation of the gums during teething.
Causes of pericoronitis
According to statistics, in recent years people have become much more likely to go to the doctor with such a problem as pericoronitis. Causes, diagnosis, treatment are interconnected. Therefore, an effective solution to the problem provides an understanding of the provoking factor. After all, the method of treatment will also depend on the cause of the development of the pathology.
Dentists identify the following triggers:
- There is not enough space on the jaw arch for the eruption of "eights". Due to the fact that wisdom teeth appear in adulthood, when the bones are already formed, they often get stuck in the gums. It can also happen because the soft tissue is too thick above the figure-of-eight.
- Injury to the gums in the area of the erupting unit (too hard brush, hard food).
- Pathologies of the embryonic development of the dentition. For example, during the laying of units, an overly thick pouch around the crown or a thickened mucosa is formed.
We examined the provoking factors of pathology. But the direct cause of the development of the disease are bacteria penetrating into the injured gum tissue. The causative agents of the inflammatory process are staphylococci, streptococci. Also, pericoronitis is provoked by anaerobic bacteria that are present in the oral cavity of every person.
Symptoms of the disease
At the beginning of the inflammatory process in the area of teething, there is a slight discomfort or pain of a aching nature. After a few days, the patient's condition worsens. The pain becomes acute, chewing food is difficult. In some cases, it is even impossible to open your mouth, swallow.
There is inflammation of the lymph nodes under the lower jaw if pericoronitis of the wisdom tooth develops. Treatment in this case should not be postponed. Otherwise, the human condition will worsen. A general malaise sets in, the body temperature rises, the so-called hood swells on the gum, from under which pus will protrude in the future.
If the acute stage is replaced by a chronic form, then the unpleasant symptoms will subside for a while. But pus from the inflamed gums will stand out constantly. In this regard, bad breath is added to the list of signs of the disease.
Disease pericoronitis, the treatment of which was postponed for a long time, often provokes a displacement of the dental unit towards the cheek or tongue.
Diagnosis
An experienced dentist will determine the presence of the disease during a visual examination of the patient. X-ray examination will help confirm the diagnosis.
Modern equipment allows assessing the condition of hard tissues, the location of the erupting unit. Only after that the doctor chooses a method for solving the problem.
Pericoronitis home treatment
Let's consider the recommendations of specialists that will help to alleviate the condition of a person if he does not have the opportunity to immediately go to the clinic. But it should be understood that self-treatment can bring a positive effect only at the very beginning of the development of the inflammatory process.
If soft tissues swell at the site of gum eruption, swelling, redness and discomfort appear, then doctors recommend rinsing the mouth with antiseptic decoctions. In the first days of the development of a disease such as pericoronitis, treatment is carried out with the help of chamomile, sage, calendula. A decoction is prepared from dried flowers or herbs (2 tablespoons per glass of boiling water) and rinsed every 1-2 hours.
An antiseptic made from s alt and soda has also proven itself. To prepare it, add 1 tsp to a glass of warm water. each product.
Relieve discomfort or soothe pain with cold compresses. Only all these actions must be performed carefully and carefully monitor all changes in well-being. If the inflammatory process does not decrease, and the pain intensifies, then it is impossible to postpone a visit to the dentist.
Pericoronitis: conservative treatment
When a catarrhal form of pathology is determined during the diagnosis, the doctor is limited to conservative treatment. Local therapy involves cleaning the area under the hood and rinsing it with a special syringe.
Then the patient is prescribed rinsing with antiseptic solutions already inhome conditions. For example, it could be Chlorhexidine, calendula tincture, Miramistin.
You also need to take care of the destruction of pathogenic microflora that provokes pericoronitis. Treatment of inflammation is carried out with the help of the drug "Metrogyl Denta". It contains two active substances, one of which destroys anaerobic bacteria, and the other is a broad-spectrum antiseptic.
Well, if necessary, the patient is prescribed an anesthetic. For example, Ibuprofen, Ketanov, Spazmalgon. Although after the inflammatory process is stopped, the pain will pass without pills.
Hood cut
If the gum is swollen above the erupting unit, but the tooth does not appear above it, the surgeon performs an excision. The procedure is quite simple. The doctor makes a small incision in order to facilitate the teething of the tooth.
If the unit has the correct position, it has enough space in the jaw arch, then the treatment can be considered completed. In order to prevent the development of further inflammation around the tooth, the patient is recommended local therapy. These are all the same rinses with antiseptic solutions and, if necessary, lubrication of the affected area with the drug "Metrogil Denta".
Pericoronotomy
This method of solving the problem is used in the purulent course of the disease. The operation is considered minimally invasive and is performed under local anesthesia. Therefore, the patient should not be afraid even if he has developed purulent pericoronitis. Surgeryinvolves excision of the hood followed by the installation of drainage.
Then, for several days, the patient is recommended to rinse the mouth with antiseptic agents. After that, the gum tissue hanging over the dental unit is amputated with special scissors. This method of treatment ensures the outflow of accumulated pus inside and the exclusion of an environment favorable for the reproduction of pathogens.
In modern dental clinics, it is possible to use a laser unit for the treatment of a disease such as tooth pericoronitis. Treatment with innovative methods provides a guaranteed result. In addition, the operation is performed by a bloodless method, in connection with which the patient recovers faster.
Treatment with tooth extraction
The decision to extract a unit is usually due to its incorrect position on the jaw arch. Most often, extraction is performed when pericoronitis of the wisdom tooth is diagnosed. Treatment and attempt to maintain it is inappropriate in the presence of the following factors:
- The tooth grows incorrectly, displacing neighboring units or injuring the tissues of the cheek.
- The third molar was fully formed by that time, but did not erupt or did not fully appear on the surface.
- Caries damaged the G8.
- Tooth unable to perform chewing function.
- A neoplasm (granuloma, cyst) was diagnosed at the top of the unit root.
- When a relapse occurs (the hood over the tooth is alreadyexcised).
All these circumstances are the reason for the removal of the problematic G8. The operation is performed under local anesthesia, as it can be quite painful.
If pericoronitis of the wisdom tooth in the lower jaw is diagnosed, treatment almost always involves its removal. The only exception is its correct position and the availability of space for its growth. The fact is that the lower last molar is practically not involved in chewing food. It is also not suitable as a support for a prosthesis. Therefore, doctors have no reason to keep it.
Wisdom tooth extraction is considered a complex operation. Therefore, it should only be performed by an experienced surgeon. After opening the hood, a decision is made on the further tactics of surgical intervention.
If necessary, the tooth is sawn and removed piece by piece. This is usually done in order not to injure the roots of the neighboring unit or the facial nerve. To extract a tooth stuck in the jaw bone, you have to use a burr to gain access to the problematic "eight".
Finally, the socket is sutured, and the patient is prescribed local medication. In some cases, it becomes necessary to prescribe a course of antibiotics.
Possible Complications
Dentists warn that the lack of proper treatment for pericoronitis leads to the development of negative consequences. Some complications are considered quite serious diseases and can cause greatharm to he alth. Consider the possible consequences:
- Abscesses.
- Phlegmon.
- Osteomyelitis of the jaw.
- Ulcerative stomatitis.
- Purulent lymphadenitis.
- Actinomycosis.
And of course, do not forget that the infectious focus in the oral cavity negatively affects the general condition of the body. Therefore, if you suspect the occurrence of the pathology in question, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Preventive measures
In principle, no one is immune from the fact that any of the teeth at the time of eruption does not provoke inflammation of the surrounding gum tissue. In this case, careful oral care is not considered primary prevention.
But prompt diagnostics is the only way to detect a problem at the very beginning of its development, quickly eliminate it, without waiting for complications. Regular visits to the dentist twice a year are recommended as a preventive measure for all dental diseases. And at the time of the beginning of the growth of the "eights" it is desirable to perform an x-ray examination. The doctor will study the correct location of the primordia and predict the likelihood of problematic eruption.
And of course, it is important to consult a doctor at the first manifestations of the disease. Self-medication usually only backfires.
