All abnormalities associated with urination are grouped under the term "dysuric syndrome". The disease is manifested by frequent urination or pain when emptying the bladder, or a person with such a pathology cannot go to urinate at all.
Most often, dysuric disorders are accompanied by diseases in the urogenital area and neurological diseases. However, these may be independent deviations.
ICD-10 code for dysuric syndrome - R30.
Varieties and signs of illness
Difficulties with the outflow of urine can be of a different nature. It depends on the cause. Most often, it cuts in the urethra, heaviness is felt in the lower abdomen, after emptying - discomfort, it seems as if the organ is full all the time.
Dysuric syndrome may be:
- Pollakiuria, manifested by increased urination.
- Incontinence, when the outflow is difficult to control and is not accompanied by an urge.
- Stranguria - happeningexcretion of urine drop by drop, there are cramps in the urethra.
- Ischuria - the inability to empty the bladder on their own and hold the contents with a strong desire to urinate.
- Polyuria - a large amount of fluid in one act.
- Oligakiuria, when the amount of urine is insufficient.
All these disorders require complex therapy. If such signs are found, you should definitely visit a doctor.
Acute urinary retention is an emergency condition in which the patient needs urgent care.
Etiology of disease
Dysuric syndrome is usually provoked by pathologies of the urinary system. Bladder, ureters, kidneys are affected. Women often have problems in the gynecological field: fibroids, PMS. Also, this syndrome occurs during pregnancy.
Neurotic causes of the disease are also possible. A person can suffer from emotional overstrain, alcohol intoxication, stress, as well as diseases in which the central and peripheral nervous systems are affected as a result of injuries. In diabetes, problems with the separation of urine are often noted. The presence of congenital pathologies, acquired defects causes various types of dysuria.
How does the disease manifest itself?
Dysuric syndrome manifests itself in different ways:
- Pollakiuria. There is no violation of diuresis and kidney function, however, the person suffers from frequent urges (15 times or more per day). The amount of urine that is excreted in thissmall.
- Nicturia. There is increased urination, usually at night, in the daytime the desire to go to the toilet rarely occurs. This condition is uncomfortable, night sleep is disturbed.
- Stranguria. It is difficult for the patient to urinate, after going to the toilet the feeling of incomplete emptying persists.
- Ishuria. Due to the inability to go to the toilet, the bladder overflows, pain occurs. To alleviate the patient's condition, a catheter is often used. Due to the multiplication of bacterial microflora, inflammation in the urinary system is observed.
- Enuresis (incontinence). The process of urination becomes arbitrary, it is difficult for the patient to control it. Most often this happens in a dream.
Clinical signs
Depending on the nature of the disorder, the symptoms of dysuric disorders syndrome appear:
- pain from the lower abdomen;
- changing the frequency of urges (increase or decrease);
- inability to keep the bladder sphincter under control (enuresis or difficulty passing urine).
Also, dysuria may additionally appear with the following symptoms:
- itching or burning sensation in the perineum;
- change in the nature of urine (turbidity, the presence of impurities);
- fever;
- the appearance of discharge from the urethra.
The patient with this pathology experiences excruciating inconvenience. Sleep is disrupted by frequent nighttime urges. In the presence of pollakiuria or enuresis, a persontries not to visit public places, stay close to the toilet. An additional danger is that secondary infections are possible.
Main causes of disease
Pathologies that provoke dysuric syndrome may belong to the following groups:
- Urological. Signs of dysuria are more common in the presence of infections or tumors in the urinary tract, kidney stones, or after scarring of the bladder.
- Andrological. In the representatives of the stronger sex, the disease is provoked by neoplasms of the prostate and sexually transmitted infections.
- Gynecological. In women, weakness of the muscles of the perineum, prolapse of the uterus and inflammation of the genital organs lead to dysuria. Physiological manifestations of the syndrome in women occur during pregnancy, before menstruation or during menopause.
- Endocrine. Diabetes most often leads to pathology, less often thyroid dysfunction and other hormonal disorders.
- Neurological. Failures in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems cause disturbances in the innervation of the bladder. It happens because of injuries or tumors in the brain and spinal cord, alcohol abuse, taking psychotropic drugs.
- Psychological. Due to overwork and stress, there is a reflex urinary retention or, conversely, frequent urination.
- Physiological. A temporary violation is accompanied by rehabilitation after surgery or injury of the bladder.
Dysuric syndrome in children
The most common causes of urinary disorders in children, especially in infants and infants in the first year of life, are congenital pathologies. At the same time, they concern not only the excretory system, but also neurology.
According to Dr. Komarovsky, with any manifestations of the syndrome, it is recommended to examine the baby for infectious diseases. However, some symptoms are considered up to a certain age. For example, the presence of bedwetting at night, referred to by the special term "enuresis" and occurring more often in boys, should not bother parents until the age of 4-5 years of their child.
Diagnosis
Signs of dysuric syndrome are detected after questioning the patient. In order to determine the provoking factor, the following medical studies may be prescribed:
- blood and urine test;
- Pap smear for women;
- for men, a prostate antigen test;
- ultrasound of the kidneys and pelvic organs;
- computed tomography;
- tumor biopsy;
- ureteroscopy (visual examination with a special catheter).
After the differential diagnosis has been carried out and the cause of the pathology has been identified, the treatment is selected for the patient.
Therapy of disease
The diagnosis of "dysuric syndrome" in medicine is absent, it is indicated after the main pathology that provokes urinary disorders. Treat the underlying ailment, and to assist the patient and reduce the severity of symptomsenjoy:
- drugs that reduce the tone of the bladder (M-anticholinergics, alpha-1-blockers) in order to reduce the frequency of urges;
- antibiotics for urinary tract infections;
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and non-infectious inflammation;
- exercises to strengthen the musculature of the perineum and pelvic muscles;
- electrostimulation.
Surgical intervention is resorted to only in case of urinary tract obstruction (with tumors, pathological narrowing, adhesions). The prognosis for oncology will not be favorable in all cases, but if benign tumors or adhesions are observed, complete recovery occurs.
Prevention
To prevent dysuric syndrome, it is necessary to prevent the formation of provocative diseases. To do this:
- timely treat various inflammations of the urogenital area and other pathologies;
- avoid injuries to the abdomen, spine and brain;
- have a good rest and try to adequately respond to stress;
- do not get cold;
- give up alcohol and bad habits, go in for sports.
