Cystitis is an infectious disease, for the treatment of which drug therapy is used, mainly antibacterial. Treatment of small patients with drugs that inhibit the growth of living cells is carried out very carefully. What antibiotics for cystitis in children are the safest, the pediatrician determines. Only he can prescribe a medicine that will eliminate the infection with little or no harm to the child's body.
Features of the course of cystitis in children
Cystitis is an infection characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosal layer of the bladder. The disease is one of the most common urinary tract infections in pediatric and urological practice. Inflammation of the walls of the ureter is diagnosed in children of different ages and gender. However, more often the pathology occurs in girls aged 4 to 12 years. The reason for this is the anatomicalfeatures of the female urinary system.
In children, the causative agent of infection is more often Escherichia coli, less often Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In 25% of cases, a significant viral agent is not detected. The role of viruses in causing cystitis in children is not fully understood. It has been observed that adenoviruses, herpes simplex virus contribute to the disorder of microcirculation in the bladder and create a favorable environment for the development of a bacterial inflammatory process.
When bakposev urine with inflammation of the urea in children, chlamydia, ureaplasma are sometimes detected. As a rule, infection with such microorganisms occurs from sick parents if hygiene is not observed (use of common washcloths, towels). The main cause of fungal cystitis in children is antibiotic treatment over a very long period.
The pathogen can penetrate by descending, ascending, lymphogenous, hematogenous or contact routes.
Methods of treating cystitis in childhood
Cystitis in children develops rapidly and proceeds very rapidly. The main symptom is the urge to urinate, which occurs every 20 minutes. Children cry and act up from pain in the abdomen. But thanks to such symptoms, parents learn about the presence of pathology at its initial stage, which increases the chances of a favorable prognosis.
The pediatrician, after diagnostic measures, prescribes treatment, which includes the following:
- Bed rest with no activity.
- Drywarmth in the bladder area, small children (under 3 years old) are wrapped in a blanket.
- Dairy-vegetarian diet, increased water intake.
- Papaverine is prescribed to reduce pain.
- The use of antibacterial agents is the basis of therapy. With the help of drugs, the causative agent of the infection is eliminated. Which antibiotic to prescribe for cystitis in children is determined by the pediatrician based on the type of infection, the course of the pathology, and the age of the child.
To consolidate the result, physiotherapy is carried out.
Basic principles of antibiotic therapy in children
Treatment of cystitis in children is mainly carried out on an outpatient basis. The child is not under round-the-clock supervision, so medications should be used carefully. When choosing a drug, the pediatrician takes into account the following factors:
- The results of the tests. The agent is selected depending on the causative agent of the infection, its resistance to certain antibiotics.
- Contraindications. If antibacterial agents are contraindicated for a child, then the treatment tactics will be changed.
- Age of the patient. The tool is selected in accordance with the number of full years of the child. When calculating the dosage of antibiotics for cystitis in children 6 years old, only age is taken into account. And if the drug is prescribed to a child at 3 years old, then the dose is calculated based on body weight.
- When choosing an antibiotic, it is taken into account what drugs the child received in the previous 2-3 months. When prescribing the same groups of drugs for a short time, the risk of reducing the resistance of pathogenic microflora increases.
Antibiotics for cystitis in children: a list of drugs
A wide range of different medicines that inhibit the growth of living cells is presented on the pharmacy shelves. Since relatively recently, amendments have been made to Russian legislation regarding the dispensing of certain medicines from pharmacies. Antibiotics for children are sold only on prescription. The parent must provide the pharmacy with a written appointment from the pediatrician with his signature and seal.
The most commonly prescribed antibiotics for cystitis in children:
- Penicillins are a group of natural compounds produced by different types of mold Penicillium and a number of semi-synthetic ones. The drugs are active against many gram-positive microorganisms, as well as meningococci, spirochetes. In childhood, Amoxiclav is prescribed (up to 6 years it is recommended to use a suspension), Augmentin, Ecoclave, Fibell.
- Macrolides are antibacterial drugs that are active against gram-positive cocci, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, chlamydia. In addition to antibacterial, this group of drugs has an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect. For cystitis, "Sumamed forte", "Hemomycin" are used.
- Cephalosporins. The drugs have high bactericidal, chemotherapeutic activity, resistance. Children are prescribed II and III generation cephalosporins, they have a wider range of action and fewer side effects. these include: "Zinnat", "Taracef", "Cedex", "Supraks", "Cefaclor".
- Derivatives of phosphonic acid. They have a strong bactericidal effect, enhance the effect of some antibiotics. Basically, pediatricians appoint "Fosfomycin", "Monural".
What antibiotics are prescribed for cystitis in preschool children
When prescribing drugs, age-related contraindications and limitations of the remedy are necessarily taken into account. When establishing them, the physiological characteristics characteristic of a certain age are a guideline.
For cystitis, a 5-year-old child is prescribed the same antibiotic as children at 3 or 4 years old. In children from 3 years of age, when prescribing the drug, weight matters. Instructions for medicines are advisory in nature, the appropriateness of the use of certain drugs is determined by the doctor.
A child's immune system is poorly formed, diseases progress very quickly. In certain cases, it is worth ignoring the manufacturer's recommendations and giving the child an antibiotic "not for age." Untreated cystitis in the future may cause other serious diseases of the urinary system or dysfunction of the reproductive organs.
Features and benefits of penicillins
The use of antibiotics of the penicillin group in children 4 years of age with cystitis is considered the safest if there are no contraindications. This group of drugs has been used for a long time, but the doctor will give preference to penicillins. This is due to the fact that they have a number of advantages:
- This group of antibiotics includes natural compounds, so they have low toxicity.
- Penicillins are pioneering antibiotics. For almost a century of their history, they have been well studied, numerous clinical studies have been conducted, including their effect on the children's body.
- Drugs have a wide range of dosages. This characteristic is very important if the remedy is prescribed for the first time, which usually occurs in childhood.
- Most penicillins are approved for early use.
Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins have a greater spectrum of action than penicillins. They are also often prescribed by doctors. Parents have a question: is it dangerous to use antibiotics of the cephalosporin group in children 4 years old with cystitis?
In young patients, therapy is carried out with cephalosporins of the latest generations. They are active against a very large number of pathogenic bacteria. If, in addition to cystitis, the child also has infections, then the drug can also cure them. This makes it possible to avoid another antibiotic therapy.
Use of macrolides in children
Macrolides are considered one of the least toxic antibacterial drugs. When using them, no cases of nephrotoxicity, development of arthropathy, toxic effects on the central nervous system were detected. And allergic manifestations and antibiotic-associated diarrhea are rare. It is believed that the appointment of these antibiotics for cystitis in a child of 3 years and even younger is quite safe.
The most commonly prescribed drugs are:
- "Hemomycin". For children, powder is used to prepare a suspension; it is allowed to use it from 6 months. The dosage is calculated individually depending on the weight of the child. The duration of use is determined by the doctor. Please note that the finished suspension is stored for 5 days, you can not use the drug after this period, even if the therapy is not completed and the suspension is still left.
- "Sumamed forte". Effective against staphylococci, group A, B, C, G streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae. The drug is approved for use from 6 months and weighing at least 10 kg. "Sumamed forte" is sold in the form of a powder, from which a suspension is prepared. The finished solution has several flavors: strawberry, raspberry, banana. Usually children willingly accept such medicine. The shelf life of the finished product is 10 days.
Consequences of antibiotic therapy
As you know, antibiotics kill not only harmful, but also beneficial bacteria. The child's body reacts most acutely to drugs that inhibit the growth of living cells.
The use of antibiotics for cystitis in children should be accompanied by the use of drugs that restore the natural intestinal flora. Most often, the doctor prescribes Linex, Acipol, Bifidumbacterin. Probiotics should be given to the child from the first days of taking the antibiotic.
Another common side effect of antibiotics is allergies. To avoid it, children are prescribed antihistamines "Zodak", "Zirtek". But even with their use, the child should be examined forthe presence of allergic manifestations (hyperemia, skin rashes).
Can an inflammation of the bladder be cured in alternative ways?
Despite the fact that safe antibiotics are used in children with cystitis, some parents stubbornly resist their use. The use of folk recipes reduces symptoms and drowns out the disease, which leads to its chronicity.
The use of sitz baths with decoctions of herbs is possible only as an addition to the main therapy. But all alternative methods must be agreed with the doctor before they are used.
Therapy for cystitis includes physiotherapy, but they are mainly prescribed after the infection has been eliminated. Children are shown electrophoresis, microwave therapy, magnetotherapy on the suprapubic area.
Prevention of bladder wall inflammation
In order not to wonder which antibiotics in children with cystitis are considered the safest, all measures should be taken to prevent the disease. To do this, you need to follow simple rules:
- Genital hygiene.
- Make sure that the child goes to the toilet regularly, without delay.
- Treat any infections promptly and completely.
- Regular helminthiasis prevention.
- Make sure your child is drinking enough fluids.
- No hypothermia.
Conclusion
Cystitis is an infection that requires antibiotics to treat. Moderndrugs are less toxic and can be used even at an early age. The main thing is to carefully monitor the condition of the child during therapy and, in case of strange symptoms, seek the advice of a pediatrician.
