Urine analysis is one of the tests that help diagnose a person's condition. As a rule, it is aimed at identifying abnormalities in the functioning of the kidneys and the genitourinary system. The study of physical properties, chemical, microscopy of the residue - all this includes a general urine test. How to assemble it correctly? Consider all the nuances.
Common urinalysis. How to assemble?
The correctness of the collection of material directly affects the result. There are frequent cases when it is very difficult to diagnose a disease due to the fact that the result of the analysis is distorted by flaws in its collection. To prevent this, you must follow a number of simple rules:
- Complete clinical urinalysis involves the collection of only the morning portion of urine, which should be delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible.
- Collect the material should be in a sterile container with a tightly screwed lid. Optimally - a sterile plastic container, which is sold in a pharmacy. It would also be useful to sign the date of delivery and the patient's name on the container.
- Wash before collecting urinegenitals, for women, cover the entrance to the vagina with a cotton pad so that the secretions do not fall into the container with the material.
- The first few drops of urine do not need to be collected.
- For women a few days before, during and a few days after menstruation, it is not recommended to take the test to avoid getting vaginal discharge.
Common urinalysis. How to collect from babies?
It is not uncommon for parents of babies to collect a urine sample - a whole problem. With boys, the situation is relatively simple - you just need to wait and substitute the jar in time. For girls, you have to go to a number of tricks. So, for example, you can put a lining circle under the child by placing a container in the recess. After a while, the baby will certainly go to the toilet, and the urine will be collected in a jar. In addition, you can use special children's urinals, which are easy to purchase at the pharmacy. With the use of such funds, it will not be difficult for parents of a baby to pass an analysis. And its results will not be distorted, which would inevitably happen when obtaining urine by twisting diapers or in any other way.
Norm of urinalysis indicators
Let's look at the main indicators:
- Color - amber to straw yellow.
- Transparency. Clear urine is normal.
- Relative density - 1008-1025 g/l. The indicator characterizes the concentration in the urine of soluble substances (s alts, urea, electrolytes).
- PH of urine - 5, 0-7, 0. Maybevary depending on the diet, physical activity.
- Protein in the urine is one of the main diagnostic indicators. The norm is its absence or concentration up to 0.1 g/l.
- Bilirubin in the urine is absent in the normal state.
- Leukocytes - up to 5 per field of view.
- Erythrocytes - single cells may be present in the sediment.
- Bacteria - normally absent or present in small quantities.
It should be noted that the above indicators are average values, while specific norms vary depending on the gender and age of the person. In addition, for pregnant women, a general urine test, which we discussed earlier, has special decodings. Thus, only a competent specialist can give a full interpretation of the results of the study, taking into account the age, clinical condition of a person.
