A he althy person needs to urinate 5-6 times a day. He should empty his bladder completely without experiencing any discomfort. If urination is more frequent, and besides, it is accompanied by various unpleasant phenomena, there is a high probability of developing cystitis in the patient. Symptoms of the disease are quite bright, which forces patients to consult a doctor without delay. It is necessary to do this, and not only to get advice and treatment. Frequent and painful urination can be observed in many diseases, one of which does not forgive errors in diagnosis and improper therapy. It's about bladder cancer. Symptoms of cystitis and signs of tumor development in the urinary organs are in many ways similar. An accurate diagnosis can only be made in a specialized medical facility. Sometimes the patient's life depends on it. By itself, cystitis is not considered a deadly disease and is easily treatable with medications. Folk methods can help the genitourinary system restore itsfunctions.
Classification
The main initial symptoms of cystitis in women, men and children are about the same. However, the forms of this disease can be different. Each of them has its own characteristics of manifestation and its consequences.
With the further development of the disease (in cases where the treatment is carried out incorrectly), the symptoms of cystitis in women and men may acquire some differences, which is associated with the anatomical structure of the genitourinary system.
Cystitis is diagnosed in medical practice:
- Spicy.
- Chronic.
- Primary.
- Secondary.
- Infectious (divided into specific, postcoital and non-specific).
- Non-infectious.
According to the nature of changes in the bladder, cystitis is hemorrhagic, catarrhal, cystic, phlegmonous, ulcerative, granulomatous, gangrenous.
Let's take a closer look at some forms.
Infectious nonspecific cystitis: causes and development scenario
As you might guess from the name, this form of inflammation of the bladder is caused by microorganisms that have penetrated into its mucous membranes. Most often, the culprit of the disease is E. coli, which got into the urethra due to the patient's non-compliance with hygiene. In women, the symptoms of cystitis that has arisen for such reasons appear much faster and brighter than in men. The reason is simple: the urethra, which is the gate of infection, is shorter and wider in the fair sex,than the strong half of humanity. In addition, its structure does not include bends and turns, which greatly facilitates the movement of bacteria.
E. coli is the well-known E. coli that is constantly present in the intestines. Normally, it brings invaluable benefits to the body - it promotes the synthesis of vitamin K, "controls" the state of the intestinal microflora. If the number of its individuals exceeds the norm, a person develops dysbacteriosis, usually accompanied by diarrhea.
Those who have such an unpleasant phenomenon are obliged to thoroughly wash themselves after each act of defecation. This is especially true for women, since it is not difficult for them to move bacteria from the anus to the vagina, and then through the urethra to get into the bladder.
Hygiene is essential without diarrhea as pathogens are constantly present in the environment.
The symptoms of cystitis in women are unpleasant, so prevention should be taken care of, because any ailment, as you know, is easier to prevent than to treat. The pathology we are considering can develop for the following reasons:
- Sanitary pads don't change for a long time.
- Not quite clean underwear used.
- Wiping the genitals is done with a dirty towel (paper). These actions should not be performed from the anus to the vagina, but vice versa.
- The bladder does not empty completely for some reason.
- A woman performs an act of urinationwith long delays (too long before going to the toilet). Urine removes many harmful substances from the body. If this fluid is retained in the bladder for a long time, it begins to decompose. The products of this process contribute to inflammation of the mucous membranes.
- In rare cases, in the fair sex, cystitis can provoke a gynecological examination if the doctor used non-sterile instruments.
In addition to the above reasons, the symptoms of infectious nonspecific cystitis can make themselves felt under such conditions and diseases:
- Bacvaginosis. It can appear as a result of hormonal changes in the body, with the use of drugs that violate the microflora of the vagina, after some operations. In this case, non-pathogenic (for example, lactobacilli) or conditionally pathogenic bacteria that have bred in the vagina penetrate the bladder, which causes inflammation of its walls.
- Bad diet (low fruit menu, high carbs). As a result, the body does not have sufficient immunity to resist infections.
- Hypercooling.
- Infection in the body. In this case, bacteria enter the bladder not through the urethra, but through the blood and / or lymph flow. Such a reason can provoke cystitis in all categories of patients, including children.
- Sit in one position for a long time, which causes stagnation of blood in the pelvic regions.
In addition to E.coli, staphylococci, streptococci, Proteus, Klebsiella, Candida fungi, Proteus can cause the disease.
Symptomsinfectious nonspecific cystitis
The manifestation of the disease is not long in coming. A few hours after infection, a woman develops such unpleasant symptoms:
- Frequent (sometimes after 3-7 minutes) urge to urinate. In this case, very little urine can be excreted, just a few drops.
- Pain when trying to urinate. Their character in medicine is defined as "dagger". Women feel like they are being pierced through with a sharp blade.
- Temperature increase.
Very often in women, the symptoms of cystitis appear much brighter and more painful than in men, because inflammation of the bladder, as a rule, is accompanied by similar processes in the urethra (urethritis) and in the vagina (exocervicitis, colpitis), since bacteria initially enter these organs.
This scenario of the development of the disease is accompanied by additional symptoms:
- Chills.
- Headache.
- False urge to defecate.
- Trembling in the legs.
- Abdominal pain displaced to the lower abdomen.
Without proper treatment, bacteria successfully multiply, even if the woman managed to stop the pain with analgesics. The growth of colonies will soon manifest itself as symptoms of intoxication, since any living creature (including bacteria) in the process of life necessarily releases waste substances into the environment. For humans, they are toxins.
If any person (woman, man, child) has symptoms of cystitis, home treatmentthis disease, the cause of which were microorganisms, should be treated with drugs prescribed by a doctor.
Signs indicating that recovery is not coming:
- Dagger-like pain when urinating somewhat lessened, but not completely gone.
- The urine became cloudy and blood appeared in it.
- After urination, it feels like the bladder is not completely empty.
- The temperature is holding.
- Symptoms of intoxication appeared (nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, sometimes diarrhea).
Infectious specific cystitis
This form occurs when the bladder becomes infected with germs that cause STDs. Among them are chlamydia, gonococci, Trichomonas, mycoplasmas. The cause of specific infectious cystitis is unprotected intercourse with a sick partner (80%) and household methods of introducing bacteria into the vagina (20%).
If this type of cystitis occurs in women, symptoms may include:
- Cutting, dagger pains during the act of urination.
- Unpleasant pulling pain in the lower abdomen.
- Feeling full in the bladder, causing frequent urination.
- Vaginal discharge.
- Itching and redness of the genitals.
- Discomfort a day or two after questionable intercourse.
- Continuation of the manifestation of the disease after the use of classical remedies, which usually help well with cystitis.
- Dyspareunia.
These are the symptoms of cystitis in women. Drugs for a specific form of the disease are prescribed only by a doctor.
Postcoital cystitis
This type of disease is observed exclusively in women. It is caused by features or pathologies in the anatomical structure of the urethra and vagina, as well as congenital hypermobility of the urethral opening. In fact, this disease is infectious nonspecific, but it occurs after sexual intercourse. Therefore, many women believe that its manifestations are symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease, which is absolutely wrong.
Postcoital cystitis occurs as a result of the fact that at the time of sexual intercourse, the bacterial flora, always present in the vagina of any woman, enters the urethra, and from there into the bladder.
The main symptoms of postcoital cystitis can be called classic - painful urination, frequent urge to this act, sometimes fever, cloudy urine with bloody streaks.
A distinctive feature of this form of the disease from specific cystitis is that women do not have itching and inflammation of the genital organs.
Treatment
Above, we examined the symptoms of infectious cystitis in women. Both treatment and diagnosis of this form of the disease are required. Self-selection of therapeutic agents may not produce results and aggravate the situation.
Diagnosis is quite simple and public. Women require:
- Submiturinalysis (biochemical, according to Nechiporenko, general).
- Visit a gynecologist and get an examination. In this case, a smear is almost always taken for the microflora of the vagina.
- In rare cases, an ultrasound, blood test and biopsy are ordered.
Having identified which microorganisms caused the disease, the doctor selects antibiotics and prescribes a course. These can be penicillins, nitrofurans, sec quinolones, macrolides, fosfomycins. Antifungals are sometimes prescribed.
According to indications, additionally prescribed:
- Anspasmodics ("Drotaverine", "No-Shpa", "Papaverine").
- Analgesics.
- Vitamins.
- Diuretics, including some herbs (bearberry, corn silk).
- Antipyretics.
The patient is assigned bed rest.
Also recommended are herbal baths that relieve inflammation of the external genital organs, tampons with antibacterial or antifungal agents and restore the microflora of the vagina.
Non-infectious cystitis
This form of the disease occurs with various external and internal influences on the bladder:
- Injury (e.g. bruise or mucosal injury from catheter).
- Chemicals.
- Temperature effect (thermal cystitis).
- Allergic responses to certain foods or drugs.
- Irradiation.
The general symptoms and treatment of non-infectious cystitis are largely identical to those that we observe in the infectious form of the disease. Women experience:
- Severe pain with eachact of urination.
- Frequent urge to urinate, although only a few drops of fluid may come out.
- General weakness.
- Pain in the lower abdomen.
- Chills.
- Temperature increase.
Diagnosis in many cases is facilitated by the patient's story about her injuries and other effects on the bladder. Also, with this form of the disease, they take urine tests and do an ultrasound.
Treatment necessarily includes the elimination of the factor that provoked the disease. In addition, the patient is prescribed:
- Analgesics and antispasmodics "No-Shpa", "Papaverine", "Galidor", "Buscopan", "Elmiron" or others.
- Drugs that reduce the number of calls to the toilet. These are Doxepin, Amitriptyline, Imipramine.
- Bed rest.
- Diet (excludes watermelon, pickles, spices, dairy products, pickles from the menu). Warm baths with chamomile, calendula, aloe extract, or other anti-inflammatory herbs.
Douching with any drugs is strictly prohibited.
Primary and secondary cystitis
These two forms of the disease are inextricably linked with the infectious and non-infectious cystitis discussed above.
If the inflammation affected only the bladder, then the primary form of the disease is diagnosed.
If cystitis is a complication of other diseases of the genitourinary system that the patient has, then a secondary form is diagnosed.
Illnesses that contribute to cystitis:
- Tumoursbladder.
- Stones in this body.
- Urethral stricture.
- Prostate adenoma.
- Prostatitis.
- Pathologies of the genital organs.
Symptoms of secondary cystitis are classic for this disease:
- Frequent and very painful urination.
- Cloudy urine.
- Pain in the lower abdomen.
- Blood in urine.
- Subfebrile temperature.
Symptomatics can worsen significantly due to the presence of an underlying disease, each of which has its own characteristics.
Acute and chronic cystitis
The acute form of the disease is usually characteristic of infectious cystitis. Within a few hours that have passed since the penetration of microbes into the bladder mucosa, its bright manifestation is observed. It usually begins with a sudden sharp pain during urination. In the next quarter of an hour there are 3-5 urges to visit the toilet. These are the very first symptoms of cystitis. Medicines that can relieve pain: "No-shpa" (relieves spasms), "Furadonin" (antibacterial agent), "Papaverine" (reduces the number of urges, relieves pain).
In the future, the patient needs to be examined. The doctor may prescribe a number of physiotherapy, vitamins to strengthen the genitourinary system.
If you do not see a doctor and hope that self-treatment has helped, the disease can become chronic. This means that the disease has lurked. She will appear at every opportunity for her:
- Hypothermia (especially in the pelvic region).
- Wet feet.
- Infectious disease (flu, acute respiratory infections, any other).
- Immunity-lowering conditions (stress, poor diet, busy work schedule without enough rest time).
- Postoperative period.
- Course of antibiotics.
Note that postcoital cystitis also occurs in a chronic form.
At the same time, women will feel sharp, sometimes unbearable pain when urinating, frequent urges to this act, a feeling of overflow of the bladder (even immediately after going to the toilet), pulling pains in the lower part of the peritoneum, fatigue, fatigue, loss of appetite. These are the symptoms of cystitis in women. At home, the treatment of the chronic form of the disease is practiced quite often. Patients are prescribed:
- Peace.
- Bed rest.
- Diet.
- Anspasmodics.
- Analgesics (pain relief).
- Decoctions of diuretic herbs (lingonberry leaf, Ivan tea, knotweed, parsley, fennel).
We looked at what are the symptoms and treatment of cystitis in women. To quickly cope with the disease will allow strict adherence to the prescriptions and recommendations of the doctor.
But representatives of the strong half of humanity are also susceptible to illness. How does the disease develop and proceed in them and are there any differences in terms of therapy?
Cystitis in men: symptoms and treatment
Strong half of humanity suffers much less from this disease. According toAccording to statistics, out of 1000 people, 8 men and 200 women suffer from cystitis. The reasons lie in the anatomical structure of the urinary organs. In men, the urethra is narrow, long, and winding, making it difficult for germs to reach the bladder.
They may get sick for the following reasons:
- Presence of infection in the body.
- Bacteria entering the bladder with blood or lymph.
- Decreased immunity.
- Allergy.
- Radiation.
- Some diseases (prostatitis, tuberculosis, sepsis, sexually transmitted diseases, prostate adenoma, oncological tumors).
- Injury to the bladder (e.g. from catheter insertion).
Men can have all of the above forms of cystitis (except postcoital cystitis).
Symptoms of cystitis in men are as follows:
- Painful and difficult urination.
- Frequent urge to urinate.
- Urine is cloudy, with an unpleasant odor, sometimes with pus or blood.
- Burning in the urethra.
- Pain in the scrotum, groin, penis, lower abdomen (pubic area).
- Urinary incontinence.
- General weakness.
- Temperature.
- Bruised throughout the body.
Diagnosis in men includes a clinical examination with palpation of the groin and suprapubic area, as well as the prostate through the rectum. This eliminates the presence of prostatitis and adenoma.
Urine is tested for white blood cells, blood, pus, mucus, microbes using laboratory tests.
A blood test (general) is also performed to detect ESR and white blood cells.
Men must undergo urethral culture and PCR to detect the presence of pathogenic bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics. The treatment is carried out with the same drugs that are used for women.
Cystitis in children
Babies can also suffer from this disease. They have it for the following reasons:
- Infections in the body.
- Inadequate genital hygiene (in girls).
- Hypercooling.
- Decreased immunity.
- Injuries of the bladder.
- Dysmetabolic disorders.
- Impaired circulation (with constipation, tumors, low mobility).
It is caused by herpes virus, staphylococcus aureus, candida fungus, streptococcus, protozoa, adenoviruses, chlamydia, mycoplasmas.
Microbes enter the child's bladder descending (for example, from the kidneys), ascending (from the genitals), with blood and / or lymph.
Treatment and drugs, the symptoms of cystitis in children are about the same as in adults. The difference is that the child is not always able to describe his condition. Parents should pay attention to these changes in their child's behavior:
- Crying while urinating.
- Anxiety, capriciousness.
- Peeing too often.
- Children may say "tummy ache".
- Boys sometimes bleed from their penis.
- Enuresis (in adult children).
- Sometimes in babies with cystitisthere is oliguria (little or no urine).
- Temperature.
- Sluggishness.
- No food.
- Urine becomes cloudy and foul-smelling.
Diagnosis of cystitis in children consists mainly in various urine tests (general, culture, two-vessel test). They also perform blood tests and ultrasounds. In some cases, cystoscopy is performed.
For the treatment of cystitis in babies, Furamag, Monural, Furagin are most often used. Antibiotics are prescribed with great care. Among them are the drugs of choice - "Amoxiclav", "Augmentin", "Cedex", "Ceklor", "Zinnat" and their analogues. Spazmalgon, Papaverin, Baralgin and other analgesics and antispasmodics may also be prescribed.
What can be taken at home
The appearance of signs of cystitis is an unpleasant surprise for people, frightening, disrupting the rhythm of life and plans. With frequent and painful urination, there is no way not only to visit a doctor, but even just to leave the house. Therefore, when the first symptoms of cystitis appear, quick treatment at home becomes very relevant. What can be advised? To begin with, take anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic drugs, and with severe pain - an analgesic. Drugs of choice include:
- Nurofen.
- Diclofenac.
- Indomethacin.
- "Papaverine".
- No-Shpa.
When the pain subsides, and the frequent urge to the toilet stabilizes a little, you need to go to the doctor. Self-treatment often leads to severecomplications.
As a rule, people with cystitis are not hospitalized. The exception is the genrenous, ulcerative, cystic forms of the disease, in which surgical intervention can be prescribed. Most forms of cystitis are treated on an outpatient basis. At home, the patient needs to ensure peace and bed rest. Be sure to follow the diet. It is also recommended to drink a lot of decoctions of herbs with anti-inflammatory properties (upland uterus, St. Useful teas with herbs that have diuretics. In the process of treatment, it is imperative to drink all the medicines prescribed by the doctor. Then the recovery process will take 7-10 days.
Traditional medicine recommends drinking propolis tincture (alcohol). Add 10 drops to 50 ml of water and drink many times a day.
