Cancer of the intestinal mucosa is a widespread type of cancer. Most often it is faced by people over 55 years old. Factors that often play a role in the formation of malignant neoplasms include nutrition.
And now we will talk about what kind of diet for bowel cancer should be followed, what foods are allowed and prohibited, as well as other nuances related to this topic.
General provisions
Malignant neoplasms are more likely to form if proteins, animal fats and refined foods predominate in the human diet for many years, and fiber is not supplied to the body in sufficient quantities.
If you eat in this way, putrefactive processes will constantly prevail in the intestines. It won't lead to anything good. Bile acids, which are formed by the microflora, as well as the products of protein decay, have a carcinogenic effect. As a result, the probabilitythe occurrence of tumors increases many times.
Principles of nutrition
Now you can move on to the study of the features of the diet shown for bowel cancer. Proper nutrition is an integral part of maintenance therapy. It can significantly improve the results of treatment, minimize the side effects of chemical and radiotherapy, and improve the quality of life.
Diet for bowel cancer is developed taking into account many factors. The following features are taken into account:
- Presence of nutritional deficiency and its severity.
- Metabolic disorders and their features.
- The period of the disease (before or after surgery).
- Psychological and physical state of the patient.
It is worth noting that the patient himself, suffering from oncology, feels certain changes regarding his preferences. He develops an aversion to meat products, and his appetite worsens due to abdominal pain and heaviness.
In parallel, weight is reduced, blood appears in the feces, anemia and increased fatigue are possible. Fortunately, these symptoms can be alleviated and then eliminated by adjusting the diet.
Before surgery
It is very important to prepare the body for surgery. The diet for bowel cancer before surgery implies a daily energy value of 2400-2600 calories.
It is important to reduce the amount of fat consumed by 20-25%. You will have to refuse such products:
- Refractory animalsfats.
- Easily digestible, refined carbohydrates.
- Foods with nutritional supplements.
- Fast food.
- Semi-finished products.
- Sausages.
- Soda drinks.
- Confectionery.
- Chips.
- S alt.
- Fatty red meat.
- S alty, spicy, smoked, fatty foods.
It is recommended to diversify the diet with cereals, vegetables and fruits. Milk and vegetable products should prevail. If the patient suffers from anorexia-cachexia syndrome, then it is necessary to switch to enhanced nutrition. Because the operation leads to nitrogen losses, and as a result, the body's need for energy increases.
If nutrition is not corrected, negative nitrogen balance and fluid and electrolyte disturbances will develop.
Strong diet
An enriched diet protects the patient from weight loss during the recovery period that he has to cope with after surgery.
Energy value should be approximately 3500-4000 calories. In this case, the protein content is calculated based on the following norm - from 1.2 to 1.5 grams per 1 kg of the patient's weight.
It is highly recommended to include sprats, red caviar, pates, creams, chocolate, cheeses, cream, honey, eggs and nuts in your diet.
After surgery
During this period, a person will have to observe the most sparing diet. What diet for bowel cancer after surgery is shown to the patient? The best option is table No. 0A.
Bwithin 1-2 days fasting is supposed. Then the person is given rice water, weak broth, berry jelly. Gradually, slimy soups, pureed cereals on the water, soft-boiled eggs and protein omelettes are included in the diet. A little later, mashed meat and fish and steam soufflé are allowed.
Starting from the 2nd week, they give pureed soups with vegetables, cereals with milk (buckwheat and semolina), mashed potatoes, cottage cheese diluted with cream, steamed meat cutlets, sour cream, baked apple puree, jelly and yogurt.
Such a diet provides the intestines with maximum peace - flatulence is not provoked, feces are formed in a small amount. On the 7th day, constipation may appear, in which case the diet includes kefir, mashed prunes and dried apricots, as well as boiled beets.
During rehabilitation
After surgery, the bowel cancer diet will be quite strict for the next 4-6 months. The patient is shown table No. 4B. Here are the principles of nutrition:
- Food should be easily digestible, fresh and well pureed.
- Eat small meals 5-6 times a day, chewing properly.
- Vegetable and cereal soups are cooked on a weak broth. The basis is minced meat and meatballs.
- Allowed vegetables (potatoes, carrots and zucchini) must be chopped.
- Grains should be wiped.
- Eat enough fluids to prevent constipation.
- The amount of meat consumed is limited. It is better to abandon it in favor of lean fish.
- Must drink"live" kefir and natural yogurt - these products normalize the intestinal microflora.
- Bread is allowed, but only from wheat flour and dried.
- Vegetables can also be eaten, but boiled and pureed.
- Porridges are boiled in water. All are allowed except barley, millet, barley and corn.
- Fermented milk products can be consumed without restrictions. Sour cream, cream and whole milk only as food additives.
- From drinks recommended rosehip infusion, juices diluted with water, weak teas and still mineral water.
In the later stages of the bowel cancer diet, you need to add foods with a high content of dietary fiber and vitamins to the diet. The best sources are whole grain breads, cereals, fruits and vegetables. Meat can be added to the diet, but do not get carried away with it. It is better to give preference to seafood, river and sea fish.
Forbidden foods
The postoperative diet for colon cancer implies a strict rejection of the following foods and products:
- Fatty broths.
- Red meat.
- Beans.
- Vegetables that irritate the mucous membrane: onion, radish, celery, radish, garlic, spinach, pepper.
- Wholemeal bread.
- Canned fish and meat.
- Any fresh bread.
- Spicy sauces and mustard.
- Margarine.
- Natural milk.
- Butter dough.
- Smoked products.
- Cooking fat.
- Coarse cereals.
- Beef and pork fat.
- Soda.
- Ice cream,chocolate, cakes.
Of course, foods that stimulate the production of digestive juices, as well as promote the processes of putrefaction and fermentation, are still prohibited.
Allowed Foods
Diet for bowel cancer grade 4 includes the following foods in your diet:
- Lean meat (turkey and chicken) cooked by boiling or steaming. You can make cutlets.
- Soups with vegetable broth or weak meat broth.
- Low-fat fish. It is recommended to use it in the form of quenelles or cutlets, sometimes it can be a piece.
- Wheat dried bread in small quantities.
- Crushed cereals, noodles, vermicelli. Cook on water, you can add a little cream. It is allowed to make puddings, pancakes, casseroles.
- One or two eggs daily in the form of a steam omelette or soft-boiled.
- Fresh cottage cheese, low-fat dairy products. Milk and cream are allowed, but only in ready meals. Butter is also possible, but up to 10 g / day.
- Cauliflower, zucchini, potatoes, carrots. If a person has good tolerance, then you can add green beans, beets and green peas to the soup.
- Garden greens.
- Homemade sauces that can be prepared with milk, fish or meat broth.
- Ripe and sweet fruits without peel in the amount of 200 g/day.
- Jam, marshmallow, caramel, marmalade and marshmallow.
From drinks you can use cocoa on the water with the addition of milk, tea and coffee, juices diluted with water, non-carbonated mineral water, kissels, compotes andwild rose decoction.
Menu for the week
By reviewing the principles of diet for bowel cancer chemotherapy and the disease in general, one can study the approximate diet.
Monday:
- Breakfast: tea and oatmeal on the water.
- Snack: cracker and dried fruit decoction.
- Lunch: glass of juice, salad and veggie cabbage soup.
- Snack: cookies with yogurt.
- Dinner: a glass of jelly and fish with vegetables.
- For the night: yogurt.
Tuesday:
- Breakfast: tea and bagged egg.
- Snack: allowed fruits.
- Lunch: steam cutlet, some pea soup, a glass of fruit drink.
- Snack: juice and cheesecakes.
- Dinner: a piece of turkey, some buckwheat and a glass of tea.
- For the night: scrambled eggs.
Wednesday:
- Breakfast: jelly and cookies.
- Snack: cottage cheese casserole.
- Lunch: chicken pilaf, lean borscht and a glass of tea.
- Snack: fresh fruit.
- Dinner: steam fish, salad, a glass of fruit drink.
- For the night: bread and yogurt.
Thursday:
- Breakfast: scrambled eggs and compote.
- Snack: berry jelly.
- Lunch: vegetable stew, cabbage soup and tea.
- Snack: natural yogurt and cookies.
- Dinner: steam meatballs, vitamin salad and juice.
- For the night: syrniki.
Friday:
- Breakfast: a glass of fruit drink and rice pudding.
- Snack: fresh fruit.
- Lunch: vegetable salad, bean soup, cabbage rolls and tea.
- Snack:muesli.
- Dinner: a piece of chicken, buckwheat, a glass of jelly.
- Snack: cookies and kefir.
Saturday:
- Breakfast: compote and scrambled eggs.
- Snack: berry jelly.
- Lunch: vegetable salad, lean borscht and tea.
- Snack: syrniki.
- Dinner: pasta casserole with minced meat, a glass of jelly.
- For the night: a glass of juice and crackers.
Sunday:
- Breakfast: cottage cheese pudding and a glass of fruit drink.
- Snack: fruit salad.
- Lunch: milk soup, carrot cutlets and tea.
- Snack: berry jelly.
- Dinner: cabbage rolls and compote.
- For the night: yogurt.
As you can see, the menu shown by the diet for bowel cancer is physiologically complete, and also very diverse.
Soup vegetable puree
Much has been said above about the features of the diet for stage 4 bowel cancer. Now you can learn the recipes of some dishes that are allowed to eat.
Pumpkin and carrot-based puree soup is definitely a must-have in your diet. It is rich in beta-carotene and antioxidants, and these components have a pronounced preventive effect in cancer. Ginger, which can be added in a small amount, will make the dish more spicy, and it will also positively affect the digestive system.
For cooking you will need:
- carrots - 500 g;
- onion - 1 pc.;
- pumpkin - 500 g;
- ginger - 25g;
- water - 1 l;
- olive oil - 3 tbsp. l.;
- soy sauce - 1 tbsp. l.;
- bay leaf - 1-2 pieces
Heat the olive oil in a heavy bottomed pan. Chop onion and fry. Add diced carrots, ginger and pumpkin. When they reach half readiness, you need to add water and bring the soup to a boil over low heat. At the very end, add spices. Steam for another 5 minutes, then remove the bay leaf, and grind the almost ready soup in a blender. This dish takes an average of 40 minutes to prepare.
Broccoli and mushroom stew
Another tasty and he althy dish allowed by the diet after bowel cancer. Broccoli contains indoles, a substance that prevents the growth of tumor cells. Mushrooms need special ones - shiitake, they are known for their anti-cancer properties.
For cooking you will need:
- broccoli - 200g;
- shiitake - 50g;
- lean meat - 250g;
- vegetable broth - 100 ml;
- tomato - 1 pc;
- olive oil - 2-3 tablespoons
Mushrooms should be fried in olive oil, then add meat. When a golden crust appears, you need to pour them with broth and bring to a boil. Then add broccoli. Stew the tomato in another pan, and when it is ready, add to the stew. It will be ready in 10-15 minutes.
Cheese potatoes
Very appetizing and allowed by the diet for intestinal cancer with metastases, a snack that is elementary in preparation. You will need:
- potato tubers - 6 pcs;
- cheese - 100 g;
- soy sauce - 1 tbsp. l.
Potatoes should be boiled in their skins. Then put on a plate, lightly season with soy sauce, then sprinkle with grated cheese. Then put in the microwave for 5 minutes. That's the whole recipe.
Greek cabbage
Finally, it is worth considering this recipe. To make Greek cabbage you will need:
- carrots - 2 pcs.;
- white cabbage - 600 g;
- onion - 1 pc.;
- water - 1 cup;
- tomato paste - 100 ml;
- rice cereal - ½ cup;
- dill and s alt to taste.
Vegetables should be finely chopped. Lightly sauté carrots and onions in a pan until translucent, then add cabbage. Simmer until mixture becomes soft. Then sprinkle with s alt, add well-washed rice, pour a glass of water and pasta. Simmer over low heat until done. Sprinkle with chopped herbs before serving.
