Histology is one of the most effective examinations to date, which helps to timely identify all dangerous cells and malignant neoplasms. With the help of a histological examination, it is possible to study in detail all the tissues and internal organs of a person. The main advantage of this method is that with its help you can get the most accurate result. In order to study the structure of the kidney, histology is also one of the most effective examinations.
What is histology?
Today, modern medicine offers a wide range of different examinations with which you can make a diagnosis. But the problem is that many types of studies have their own percentage of error in determining the exact diagnosis. And in this case, histology comes to the rescue as the most accurate research method.
Histology is the study of human tissue material under a microscope. Thanks to this method, the specialist identifies all pathogenic cells or neoplasms that are present in humans. It should be noted that this way of studying is the mostefficient and accurate at the moment. The histology of a kidney tumor is one of the most effective diagnostic methods.
Method of sampling for histology
As described above, histology is the study of a sample of human material under a microscope.
To study the tissue material by the histological method, the following manipulations are carried out.
When a kidney is examined (histology), the drug must be indicated under a certain number.
The test material is immersed in a liquid that increases the density of the sample. The next stage is pouring the test sample with paraffin and cooling it until a solid state is obtained. In this form, it is much easier for a specialist to make the thinnest section of the sample for detailed examination. Then, when the process of cutting thin plates is over, all the resulting samples are dyed in a certain pigment. And in this form, the tissue is sent for detailed study under a microscope. When examining a special form, the following is indicated: “kidney, histology, drug No. …” (a specific number is assigned).
In general, the process of preparing a sample for histology requires not only increased attention, but also high professionalism from all laboratory specialists. It is worth noting that such a study requires a week of time.
In some cases, when the situation is urgent and an urgent histology of a human kidney is required, laboratory technicians may resort to a rapid test. In this case, the collected material is pre-frozen beforecutting the sample. The disadvantage of such manipulation is that the results obtained will be less accurate. A rapid test is only suitable for detecting tumor cells. At the same time, the number and staging of the disease must be studied separately.
Methods for sampling analysis for histology
If the blood supply to the kidney is disturbed, histology is also the most effective method of investigation. There are several ways to carry out this manipulation. In this case, it all depends on the preliminary diagnosis that was made to the person. It is important to understand that tissue sampling for histology is a very important procedure that helps to get the most accurate answer.
How is a kidney section made (histology)?
The needle is inserted through the skin under strict instrument control. Open method - renal material is taken during surgery. For example, during the removal of a tumor, or when only one kidney works in a person. Ureteroscopy - this method is used for children or pregnant women. The sampling of material using ureteroscopy is indicated in cases where there are stones in the renal pelvis.
The transjugular technique is used in cases where a person suffers from blood clotting disorders, is overweight, has respiratory failure, or has congenital kidney defects (kidney cyst). Histology is done in a variety of ways. Each case is considered by a specialist individually, according to the characteristics of the humanorganism. More detailed information about such manipulation can be given only by a qualified doctor. It should be noted that you should only contact experienced doctors, do not forget the fact that this manipulation is quite dangerous. A doctor without experience can do a lot of harm.
How is the procedure for taking material for kidney histology?
A procedure such as kidney histology is performed by a specialist in a specific office or in the operating room. In general, this manipulation takes about half an hour under local anesthesia. But in some cases, if there is a doctor's indication, general anesthesia is not used, it can be replaced by sedatives, under the action of which the patient can follow all the doctor's instructions.
What exactly are they doing?
Histology of the kidneys is carried out as follows. A person is laid face down on a hospital couch, while a special roller is placed under the stomach. If the kidney was previously transplanted from a patient, then the person should lie on his back. During histology, the specialist controls the pulse and pressure of the patient throughout the manipulation. The doctor performing this procedure treats the place where the needle is to be inserted, then administers anesthesia. It should be noted that in general, during such manipulation, pain is minimized. As a rule, the manifestation of pain largely depends on the general condition of the person, as well as on how correctly and professionally the histology of the kidneys was performed. Since almost allpossible risks of complications are associated only with the professionalism of the doctor.
A small incision is made in the area where the kidneys are placed, then a specialist inserts a thin needle into the resulting hole. It is worth noting that this procedure is safe, since the entire process is controlled by ultrasound. When inserting the needle, the doctor asks the patient to hold their breath for 40 seconds if the patient is not under local anesthesia.
When the needle penetrates the skin to the kidney, the person may experience a feeling of pressure. And when a tissue sample is taken directly, a person can hear a small click. The thing is that such a procedure is performed by the spring method, so these sensations should not frighten a person.
It is worth noting that in some cases, a certain substance can be injected into the patient's vein, which will show all the most important blood vessels and the kidney itself.
Renal histology in rare cases can be performed in two or even three punctures if the sample taken is not enough. Well, when the tissue material is taken in the required amount, the doctor removes the needle, and a bandage is applied to the place where the manipulation was carried out.
When can kidney histology be ordered?
To study the structure of the human kidney, histology fits perfectly. Relatively few people think that histology is much more accurate than other methods.diagnostics. But there are several cases when kidney histology is a mandatory procedure that can save a person's life, namely:
- if acute or chronic defects of unknown origin are detected;
- for complex infectious diseases of the urinary tract;
- when blood is found in the urine;
- with increased uric acid;
- to clarify the defective condition of the kidneys;
- in case of unstable functioning of a kidney that was previously transplanted;
- to determine the severity of the disease or injury;
- if there is a suspicion of a cyst in the kidney;
- if a malignant neoplasm in the kidney (kidney cancer) is suspected, histology is required.
It is important to understand that histology is the most reliable way to identify all kidney pathologies. With the help of tissue samples, an accurate diagnosis can be established and the severity of the disease can be determined. Thanks to this method, the specialist will be able to choose the most effective treatment and prevent all possible complications. This is especially true in cases where the primary results indicate neoplasms that have appeared in this organ.
What are the complications when taking material for research?
What you need to know if you have a histology of a kidney tumor? First of all, each person must take into account that in some cases complications may develop. The main risk is damage to the kidney or other organ. However, there are still some risksnamely:
- Possible bleeding. In this case, an urgent blood transfusion is needed. In rare cases, surgery will be required with further removal of the damaged organ.
- Possible rupture of the lower pole of the kidney.
- In some cases, purulent inflammation of the fatty membrane around the organ itself.
- Bleeding from muscle.
- If air enters, pneumothorax may develop.
- Infection of an infectious nature.
It is worth noting that these complications are extremely rare. As a rule, the only negative symptom is a slight increase in temperature after the biopsy. In any case, if there is a need for such a procedure, it is better to contact a qualified specialist who has enough experience in carrying out such a manipulation.
How is the postoperative period?
People who have to undergo this manipulation should know a few simple rules of the postoperative period. Follow your doctor's instructions exactly.
What should the patient know and do after the histology procedure?
After this manipulation from the bed, it is not recommended to get up for six hours. The specialist who performed this procedure should monitor the patient's pulse and pressure. In addition, it is necessary to check the person's urine for the detection of blood in it. In the postoperative period, the patient should drink plenty of fluids. For two days after this manipulation, the patientIt is strictly forbidden to perform any physical exercise. Moreover, physical activity should be avoided for 2 weeks. As the anesthesia eases, the person undergoing the procedure will experience pain that can be relieved with a mild pain reliever. As a general rule, if the person has had no complications, they may be allowed to return home the same or the next day.
It is worth noting that a small amount of blood in the urine may be present throughout the day after the biopsy is taken. There is nothing wrong with this, so the blood admixture should not frighten a person. It is important to understand that there is no alternative to renal histology. Any other diagnostic method does not provide such accurate and detailed data.
In what cases is it not recommended to take material for histological examination?
There are several contraindications for taking material for research, namely:
- if a person has only one kidney;
- in violation of blood clotting;
- if the person is allergic to novocaine;
- if a tumor was found in the kidney;
- with renal vein thrombosis;
- with kidney tuberculosis;
- for kidney failure.
If a person suffers from at least one of the above ailments, then the collection of material for histological examination from the kidneys is strictly prohibited. Since this method has certain risks of developing serious complications.
Conclusion
Modern medicine does not stand still, it is constantly evolving andgives people all the new discoveries that help save human life. These discoveries include histological examination, it is the most effective to date for the detection of many diseases, including cancerous tumors.
