Often, patients have to deal with the concept of neurology. What is it and how to interpret it? First of all, neurology is a science that studies the normal and pathological development of the nervous system. She also deals with changes in the nervous system that occur as a result of external influences or diseases of other organs.
The role of the nervous system in the body
The nervous system in the human body is engaged in the perception and analysis of signals inside and outside the body, is responsible for their further translation, processing and response. Figuratively speaking, the nervous system plays the role of a watchman in the body, which signals external changes and internal problems.
The nervous system is divided into peripheral (nerve nodes and fibers) and central (spinal cord and brain). In a field such as neurology, diseases are most often manifested through pain. Symptoms that may indicate a likely lesion of the central nervous system (brain) are:pain, facial distortion, unsteadiness, dizziness, numbness of the extremities, difficulty in speech and swallowing, double vision. Sometimes there is a loss of consciousness of the patient, convulsions, weakness in the arms and legs.
Neurological diseases: symptoms
On the one hand, neurology is a science that studies the human nervous system, and on the other hand, it is a direction in medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of neurological pathologies. Diseases of the nervous system can be accompanied by mental dysfunction, which is manifested by depression, anxiety, irritability, decreased intelligence and memory, and rapid mood swings.
Diseases of the spinal cord are accompanied by pain, weakness and numbness in the legs, arms and torso, constipation, impaired urination, muscle atrophy, convulsions. Neurology also deals with the problems of the peripheral nervous system. What is it and how can they manifest themselves? First of all, these are pathologies associated with compression of the ligaments or bone structures of nerve fibers and roots. Nerve fibers suffer as a result of chronic poisoning of the body (disturbed metabolism, drug addiction, alcoholism).
Headache is the leading symptom in neurological diseases
Headache refers to the list of symptoms that are very common not only in the field of neurology, but also in general medical practice. The symptomatology of almost 50 different diseases is limited to only one headache. The history of neurology is full of cases where thisa symptom, if it is not accompanied by anything, delays the visit of the patient to the doctor. Headache can signal both depression, overwork, emotional stress, and serious illnesses. Immediate consultation with a neurologist is necessary if the patient, in addition to a headache, is disturbed by symptoms such as loss of consciousness, dizziness, numbness, vomiting, nausea.
An experienced doctor must first determine the nature and nature of the headache. To do this, a neurological examination is supplemented with instrumental methods (doppler ultrasound, Ro-graphy of the skull, MRI of the head). It is also necessary to undergo an examination by a therapist, dentist, otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist and pass general clinical tests. Such a complex will help to study the state of the patient's body as much as possible, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment.
Disorders of the peripheral nervous system
About 70% of patients complain of problems with the peripheral nervous system. Very often there is a pathology of the spine, which deals with vertebro-neurology. What it is? This refers to a disease in which the functioning of the joints, discs, bone structures, tendon and muscle formations of the spinal column is disrupted.
Losses of the ligamentous apparatus, intervertebral joints and intervertebral disc are collectively called osteochondrosis. In old age, this disease qualifies as a norm, but now this diagnosis can be found in patients almost teenageage, which is a serious problem. It has become commonplace when the disease progresses in patients under the age of 40 years. The development of this pathology is accelerated by factors such as malnutrition, a passive lifestyle, and poor posture.
We turn to a neurologist for help
Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disorders of the nervous system is done by a neurologist. You should contact the neurology department if you are worried about back pain, muscle weakness, fainting, dizziness, tremors of the limbs, insomnia or sleep disorders, impaired coordination of movements, headaches, numbness.
Such insignificant, at first glance, symptoms as "flies" before the eyes or numbness of the finger often manifest diseases of the nervous system. Sometimes these symptoms can be attributed to fatigue or fatigue. But even with such minor manifestations, it is necessary to consult a specialist, because neurological diseases develop slowly and gradually. Every person needs to know that untimely treatment of diseases de alt with by neurology can lead to serious consequences, that this is such a dangerous condition that threatens with loss of intelligence, paralysis and disability. The risk of developing neurological disorders increases with age. Only periodic neurological examinations can prevent their occurrence and possible consequences.
Complications
Neurology of the disease also includes complicated forms. The most common are radiculoneuritis and sciatica. These complicationsassociated with inflammation of the spinal root, which, when squeezed, causes pain, swelling and inflammation. Cervical sciatica is accompanied by pain in the neck and radiates to the interscapular region, shoulder, arm and head. With thoracic sciatica, pain occurs in the thoracic region, sometimes there may be simulated pain in the liver and heart.
The most vulnerable part of the spine is the lumbosacral. Radiculitis in this area is manifested by characteristic pains in the sacrum and lower back, which radiate to the buttocks, leg, and groin. The patient has dull pain when bending and unbending the trunk, difficulty getting up from a chair or climbing stairs. In the morning, the pain increases significantly, it is difficult for the patient to turn around and get out of bed. Urgent neurological care is required if complications such as urinary disorders, muscle spasms and weakness in the legs appear.
Diagnosis
Timely diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system is the first stage of recovery. These diseases cannot go away on their own. Patients often make the huge mistake of overcoming symptoms, such as headaches, with medication. With improper treatment, the disease only progresses, and the likelihood of complications increases significantly.
Due to the fact that neurological diseases in most cases are characterized by the same type of symptoms, diagnosis should be aimed at selecting the correct research scheme. Many of the symptoms that mayindicate the development of a neurological disease, at the same time they can talk about the side effects of the treatment of some other disease, to which neurology is not related. Reviews of patients and doctors agree that neurological pathologies are difficult to diagnose, and at first glance they can be mistaken for a completely different disease.
Diagnostic steps
At the first stage, a neuropathologist should conduct a clinical examination, which will determine the nature and localization of the disease and choose tactics for additional examination and treatment. An effective research method is radiography, which determines the state of the osteoarticular tissues of the spine. Magnetic resonance imaging allows you to see in more detail not only the bone, but also the spinal roots, blood vessels, cartilage, ligaments and muscles. Among other additional methods by which the neurology of the disease is studied, homeopathy, reflexology, homotoxicology, manual therapy, acupressure, Doppler ultrasound are popular.
Treatment
The Scientific Center for Neurology is developing methods for treating neurological diseases. Today, an integrated approach to treatment is widely used. It aims to eliminate the causes and alleviate the symptoms. Neurological pathologies are mainly treated through the use of drug therapy. Additionally, rehabilitation and recovery techniques are used, including heat treatment, therapeuticgymnastics, kinesitherapy, acupuncture, therapeutic massage, physiotherapy and herbal medicine. In addition, there are special rehabilitation programs for patients.
You can protect the body from neurological disorders and prevent complications only by monitoring your he alth, which includes a proper lifestyle, avoiding stress and undergoing periodic examinations by a neurologist.
