Unfortunately, an increasing number of diseases, especially in the elderly, are associated with impaired blood circulation in the brain. Such problems entail a lot of negative consequences, up to the loss of the ability to move, talk and think, and often lead to death. It is incredibly hard to see a loved one in such a state. However, any negative consequences can be avoided or at least slow down the development of the disease, preventing it from aggravating, by contacting a competent specialist in time who can choose the right treatment. Increasingly, in such cases, vasoactive drugs are used in neurology (a list of drugs that belong to the group under consideration will be given later in the article). The use of this kind of funds in most cases gives positive results, subject to the right choice of funds and careful observance of all the recommendations of the attending physician.
However, do not rush to agree to any treatment prescribed to you. First you need to ask yourself some questions. For example, vasoactive drugs: what is it? In what cases are they applicable? What are the benefits of vasoactive drugs? Classification of these substances? What are the contraindications foruse? Do they cause side effects? This article will help to understand all these and some other issues.
Vasoactive drugs
In neurology, specialized pharmacological substances are increasingly used, which significantly improve the blood supply to nerve cells. This, in turn, helps to accelerate a number of important metabolic processes that effectively help restore once lost properties of certain neurons. Vasoactive drugs are also used for osteochondrosis (thoracic, lumbar or cervical spine).
Classification
The means under consideration are actively used by modern specialists. Vasoactive drugs are usually divided into several distinct groups:
- Substances that improve blood supply to the nervous tissue of the brain by correcting the tone of blood vessels. Their other name is myotropic antispasmodics.
- Angioprotectors (vasoactive drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels).
- Substances that affect metabolic processes in the nervous tissue.
- Vasoactive drugs that directly nourish nerve cells.
- Neurotransmitter substances. Such means effectively establish signal transmission between individual neurons and promote the formation of new intercellular connections.
Vasoactive drugs are sometimes prescribed in groups in order to significantly accelerate and enhance their action. Especiallyit concerns the treatment of serious diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke.
Myotropic antispasmodics
Vasoactive drugs of the group under consideration actively affect the walls of blood vessels. These substances have another specific effect on the body. They also belong to the group "vasoactive calcium antagonists". Drugs block calcium channels, effectively dilate blood vessels. Thus, the total peripheral vascular resistance decreases. It is thanks to this that vasoactive drugs in neurology play such an important role - they increase blood flow to the nervous tissue. It improves many conditions.
This group includes the following vasoactive drugs (list):
- "No-Shpa".
- "Cinnarizine".
- "Galidor".
- "Vinkamine".
- "Flunarizine".
- "Diprofen".
Only a specialist can prescribe a specific drug.
Agioprotectors
The group under consideration includes vasoactive drugs (the names of some of them will be given below), the main purpose of which is to strengthen blood vessels and protect their walls from mechanical damage by aggregated platelets or atherosclerotic plaques, reducing the level of potentially possible formation of blood clots. This effect is achieved by reducing the formation of clotting factors.
This group includes the following vasoactivedrugs (list):
- "Alprostan".
- "Parmidine".
- "Xanthinol nicotinate".
Means that affect the metabolism of nervous tissue
This group of substances has a unique effect on the human body. Vasoactive drugs, the purpose of which is to accelerate the breakdown of glucose with the help of oxygen and enhance cellular energy processes, are included in the following list:
- "Memoplant".
- "Piracetam".
- "Actovegin".
- "Trental".
- "Mexicor".
- "Cavinton".
Preparations that are nutrients for nerve tissue
Cell nutrition is necessary for their normal functioning. The following tools help to establish this process:
- "Gliatilin".
- "Cortexin".
- "Succinic acid".
- "Adenosine Phosphate".
- "Aspartic acid".
The main purpose of their use is to improve the transmission of nerve impulses and participate in metabolic processes.
Products containing neurotransmitters
Sometimes a special kind of vasoactive therapy is required. Drugs that are used to effectively establish synoptic connections in a stroke or delay the impulse include specializedsubstances are mediators. These medicines include the following:
- "Glycine".
- "Gliatilin"
- "Aminalon".
Vinpocetine
The composition of the drug includes the active ingredient of the same name. Other components are: ascorbic acids, tartaric acid, sorbitol, benzyl alcohol, water for injection, sodium metabisulphite. The drug is available as a clear solution for infusion.
The drug under consideration should also be used with extreme caution in elderly patients, although there are no special contraindications for them, since the active substance does not accumulate. Therefore, it can be safely used by those patients who suffer from kidney or liver disease.
The main indications for the use of vasoactive drugs are the following: post-stroke condition, vascular dementia, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral atherosclerosis, vascular diseases of the choroid and retina (among them thrombosis), hearing loss, toxic hearing loss, tinnitus, disease Meniere.
The main contraindications to the use of the drug in question are as follows: severe forms of arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, individual intolerance to vinpocetine, acute stage of hemorrhagic stroke.
Pharmacological drug should be used parenterally. Care must be taken when using theprescribing to patients who suffer from bradycardia.
It is forbidden to use this substance during childbearing and breastfeeding, as it crosses the placenta. However, studies have not revealed any toxic effect on the embryo. The substance also passes into breast milk.
Studies on whether the drug in question affects the reaction rate and the ability to drive a private car or any dangerous machinery have never been done before. However, it is important to consider that the appearance of some adverse reactions from the nervous system is quite possible. Such a danger should not be underestimated.
It is important to use the medication in question exclusively for the treatment of adult patients. The infusion rate must be incredibly slow.
It is forbidden to use the drug subcutaneously, intramuscularly, as well as in a concentrated form intravenously.
The initial working dose for an adult patient per day is twenty milligrams per five hundred milliliters of infusion solution. The maximum dosage, in turn, is one milligram per kilogram of the patient's body weight per day. However, such therapy should not last longer than three days. The total course of treatment should not exceed fourteen days.
After the expected clinical effect has been achieved, it is recommended to gradually reduce the dosage used and switch to another form of release of the drug in question - tablets.
To be taken with caution"Vinpocetine" for patients suffering from impaired functioning of the kidneys and liver. However, the standard dosage can be used.
It is forbidden to use the drug for children.
The shelf life of the drug in question is four years. It is forbidden to use the product after the expiration date, as the substance loses its beneficial properties and can be dangerous for the patient.
It is recommended to store the drug in its original packaging at a temperature not exceeding twenty-five degrees.
Sermion
The proportions of the components that make up the medicinal product in question may differ slightly. As a rule, differences in the composition depend on the form of release and the concentration of the main active ingredient.
So, the following distinguishing features are distinguished:
- The form of release of the drug - tablets. The amount of nicergoline can be five, ten or thirty milligrams. In this case, additional substances such as calcium hydrophosphate dihydrate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium stearate are used. Among other things, titanium dioxide, sucrose, talc, acacia resin, magnesium carbonate, rosin, yellow sunset, carnauba wax, sandarac resin are used in the production.
- Release form - powder, white porous mixture. Used for injection. In this case, the main active ingredient is nicergoline, and the auxiliary substances are purified water, lactose monohydrate, benzalkonium chloride, tartaric acid,sodium chloride.
The main purpose of the drug in question is the normalization of blood circulation (peripheral and cerebral). It helps to improve metabolic processes in the brain, as well as blood flow in this area. The drug effectively thins the blood and significantly reduces the number of platelets.
If therapy is continued long enough, a reduction in the manifestations of behavioral disorders, as well as a significant improvement in general physical condition, become apparent.
The drug in question is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract for a short time, when taken orally. When it comes to injection, the absorption rate doubles. You can use the product regardless of the meal.
Maximum blood concentration is reached four hours after oral administration and two hours after injection.
Mainly the excretion of the main active ingredient occurs with urine. Only a small amount (about twenty percent) leaves the human body with feces. The patient is completely cleared of the drug in question over a period of seventy to one hundred hours. If the patient suffers from severe renal impairment, the elimination time may be doubled.
This drug passes into breast milk and is therefore not recommended for use while breastfeeding.
The regimen of the drug should be compiled exclusively by a specialist (your doctor) whowill be able to correctly adjust it, taking into account the form and severity of a particular disease. He also recommends whether to take pills or injections.
The regimen for taking the drug in question might look like this:
- If there is a brain malnutrition, a recent stroke, any vascular disorders, take ten milligram tablets three times a day for a period of three to five months.
- When it comes to vascular dementia, the drug is recommended to be used twice a day for thirty milligrams. The duration of therapy should be determined by a specialist, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient.
- If there are any circulatory disorders of other organs, take ten milligrams three times a day.
- Ischemic stroke is a direct indication for parenteral administration of the drug in question. After the course of injections is completed, you should continue to take the drug orally. The working dose should be individually prescribed by a specialist.
Indications for the use of "Sermion" are: hypertensive crisis, circulatory disorders of the limbs, circulatory disorders of the brain of various origins.
Contraindications to the use of the drug are the following: acute bradycardia, recent myocardial infarction, childhood, individual sensitivity to individual components of the drug, failures in orthostatic regulation, lack of isom altase,internal bleeding, pregnancy, breastfeeding.
Patients who suffer from gout or hyperuremia should be especially careful when taking the drug in question. In this case, therapy should take place exclusively under the constant supervision of the attending physician, who will be able to provide the necessary assistance and correct the treatment regimen in the right way.
Side effects from the use of the drug can be varied. For example, sometimes patients experience headaches or dizziness, sleep disturbances (either absolute insomnia, or, on the contrary, excessive drowsiness), fever, metabolic disorders, lowering blood pressure, a sharp increase in the concentration of uric acid, allergic manifestations (rash, itching).
Storage of the substance should be carried out in a dark, dry place at room temperature (tablets) or in the refrigerator (ampoules).
The acceptable shelf life of the drug is three years. After this point, it is forbidden to use it.
Summary
Vasoactive drugs are a group of medicinal substances, the main pharmacological action of which is to improve the blood supply to the cells of the nervous tissue. This kind of funds are widely used by specialists to deal with serious diseases, in the process of rehabilitation after a recent heart attack or stroke. It is important to remember that the choice of a particular drug, determining the appropriate dosageand the development of a treatment regimen must be entrusted to a specialist. Just because something helped your friends, it doesn't mean it will help you too. The attending physician will be able to competently take into account all the existing individual characteristics. Such a treatment will become truly effective.
Don't forget about your he alth and the he alth of your loved ones. Listen to the recommendations of doctors. And always be he althy!
