Black spots on the human body can occur due to the impact on his body of various factors. In some cases, they appear due to the uneven distribution of the coloring pigment, in the rest, the darkening of certain parts of the body indicates the presence of a serious disease. To understand exactly what exactly caused the appearance of dark spots on the surface of the skin, it is important to evaluate all the symptoms a person has.
Things to consider
When black spots appear on the human body, it is important to take into account the following factors without fail:
- causes of dark spots;
- their location;
- presence of concomitant symptoms and diseases;
- location of black spots in relation to the surface of the skin (intervening or merging form of formations);
- associated symptoms (pain, burning, itching).
Depending on the circumstances of the appearance, black spots are classified as a cosmetic defect or a serious pathology, in which you should immediately seek medical help.
It is important to remember that even small black pigment spots on the body can be eliminated by medical means if they adversely affect the appearance of a person and bring discomfort. For this, various cosmetic techniques are used. In any case, it is important to carefully monitor the dark spots that have formed on the body, since their nature can change from benign to malignant at any time.
Main causes of occurrence
Why do black spots appear on the body? Clear skin is an indicator of he alth. Any dark formations on the body or face can not only bring aesthetic discomfort, but also indicate the presence of any problems in the body. Rashes that appeared due to the development of the disease most often bring itching and burning, do not give a person peace of mind.
Black spots on the body may appear as a result of an increased pigmentation process. They are also commonly referred to as pigments. They most often appear in the elderly, but in some cases they can be diagnosed in children.
Factors that lead to large black spots on the body:
- problems with the functioning of the endocrine system - problems with human physiology (bearing a child, menopause), as well as diseases of the endocrine system (polycystic ovaries and hyperthyroidism) can lead to this condition;
- deficiency or excess of vitamins in the body;
- ultraviolet irradiation;
- bad beauty products applied tobody;
- diseases of the biliary tract and liver.
The color of the spots can vary from light brown to dark.
As a result of melanosis
The most common cause of black spots on the surface of the skin is melanosis or melanopathy. In epithelial cells and mucous membranes, a large amount of melanin is produced. It is he who is responsible for the skin tone. The main function of melanin is protective. It helps protect the skin from the effects of ultraviolet radiation.
The production of melanin can be severely disturbed under the influence of pathological factors. As a result of the production of a large amount of melanin, its excess will accumulate in certain parts of the body, leading to the appearance of dark spots of different shades.
Main types of melanosis
The most common types of melanosis:
- Physiological is a completely normal process that is common in certain races.
- Neurodermal - a congenital form of producing a large amount of melanin. In this condition, dark spots appear not only on parts of the body, but also on the pia mater of the brain. Most often, against the background of their appearance in the body, muscle atrophy, spina bifida and other serious processes occur.
- Oculodermal - spots of a blue-brown hue that form in the region of the eye sclera and on the face along the trigeminal nerve. The lesion in most cases appears in women with dark skin. It should be noted that oculodermal and neurodermal types of melanosis are congenital. Other types canbe acquired by a person during a lifetime.
- Dubreuil's melanosis is a precancerous form of the lesion. In this case, a single large dark spot with fuzzy borders appears on the skin. At the beginning, its size varies from 2-3 centimeters, and then it begins to increase rapidly. Separate parts of the spot can be painted in different colors (from light brown to dark). In most cases, the formation appears on open areas of the body (arms, neck and face). This kind of melanosis is subject to mandatory removal, as it usually degenerates into a malignant form.
- Uremic melanosis. Appears in chronic kidney disease.
- Cachectic - the accumulation of a large number of melanocytes as a result of tuberculosis.
- Endocrine - in diseases of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland and adrenal glands.
- Hepatic - occurs after chronic liver disease (cirrhosis).
- Arsenic - occurs as a result of long-term use of drugs with arsenic in the composition.
- Toxic reticular melanosis. At risk are people who work for a long time at coal or oil refineries. At first, red-black spots appear on the body of a person, which cause burning and itching. After that, foci with hyperpigmentation (from gray to dark blue) are formed. They are localized in the lower body (back, legs and shoulders). In sore places, the skin becomes thinner, peeling occurs on it, as well as spider veins. Treatment for this injury includesexclusion of contact with pathological components and strengthening of the body's immune system.
If the cause of formations on the body is damage to internal organs, then it is important to start its comprehensive and effective treatment as soon as possible, and only then pay attention to the relief of dark spots.
Skin Mastocytosis
With such a lesion, spots with black dots appear on the body of a person. The disease occurs due to the pathological reproduction of mast cells (they are responsible for the state of human he alth) and their accumulation in large numbers in the epithelium. Doctors divide the disease into a skin form, in which dark spots, nodules and spider veins appear on the human body, as well as a systemic one (spots spread to internal organs).
Mastocytosis in a child occurs in the first years of his life. The most common form of mastocytosis is cutaneous. The disease goes away on its own with growing up.
In the elderly and adults, the disease spreads not only to the skin, but also to the internal organs (heart, kidneys, liver, spleen).
There are the following types of disease:
- Maculopapular - multiple dark rashes appear on the skin, which, when scratched, are converted to blisters and urticaria. This type of mastocytosis is also called urticaria pigmentosa.
- Nodal shape. In this condition, a person is diagnosed with small blisters ranging in size from 7 to 10 millimeters. They can be pink or lightbrown, often confluent and form large plaques.
- Solitary form. In this case, one large dark spot appears on the body with a size of 5 to 6 centimeters. It is localized, as a rule, on the shoulders, abdomen, back and neck. If you accidentally touch the lesion, it will turn into a bubble and provoke severe itching.
- Erythroderma - yellow-brown dense spots. They do not have boundaries, are easily deformed and provoke the formation of cracks and ulcers. Most often, spots extend to the gluteal folds and cavities.
- Teleangiectasia - a large number of dark spider veins in the neck and chest. In most cases, such formations are formed in women.
Treatment of any kind of mastocytosis should be comprehensive and include the use of hormonal agents, cytostatics, antioxidants and antiallergic drugs. If black spots on the body appeared in a single amount, then it can be eliminated surgically.
Black acanthosis
Acanthosis black also leads to the appearance of dark pigmentation on the human body. This is a rare type of skin dermatosis that manifests itself in thickening of the stratum corneum, age spots and papillomas.
In most cases, pigmentation occurs in the folds of the skin: on the armpits, under the knees, near the neck, under the breasts, in the groin and hips.
Why do black spots appear on the body? The main factors leading to the appearance of the disease are not exactly known. Doctors believe that acanthosis may indicate diseasesendocrine system or for the presence of malignant and benign formations in the body.
Pigmentation in acanthosis black can be light brown or dark in color, do not have a clear boundary, and also extend to large areas of the body. The skin in the affected areas becomes thicker, often covered with a large number of small papillomas. This form of rash does not affect the patient's condition in any way, but only brings cosmetic discomfort.
To get rid of black acanthosis, it is first important to eliminate the root cause of the lesion. For this, the doctor prescribes the use of immunostimulants, vitamin complexes and cosmetic gels. You can see in detail the black spots on the body in the photo.
Freckles on skin
Almost everyone has a certain number of freckles on their body. Sometimes they spread to the hands, back, chest. A freckled rash appears in a person as a result of heredity. It is formed due to the uneven distribution of melanin in the skin.
The peak of the spread of freckles on the human body falls on the spring-summer period. Freckles are numerous small rashes (2 to 3 millimeters in size). Their color ranges from light yellow to dark brown.
Freckle rash may darken when exposed to sunlight. Experts believe that the skin of people who are prone to the formation of hemp is distinguished by a specialsensitivity.
Freckles don't need treatment. Many even like such rashes on the body. If a person wants to eliminate them, then he can use a specialized whitening cream. To prevent the appearance of rashes, it is important to make the right diet, start taking a complex of vitamins, and also protect the skin from the sun's rays.
Prevention measures
To prevent the development of spots on the body, the following recommendations should be followed:
- in sunny weather it is mandatory to wear a hat;
- eat a diet rich in vitamin C and limit vitamin A intake;
- Use sunscreen before going out;
- wash your face with fermented milk products (kefir, curdled milk).
Burning and itching with pigmentation indicates liver disease. With prolonged combing of the diseased part of the body, the skin becomes yellow. Eliminating the first cause of dark spots will help get rid of the problem and prevent metastasis.
Spots on baby's body
Skin is a barrier between the outside world and the internal organs and systems of a person. She takes on negative influences from outside. Black spots on the body of a child are malformations of the skin. They can be of different character, color and shape. If they occur after the birth of a child, then they are classified as congenital, if after the child grows up, then topurchased.
Melanin directly affects human skin color. When certain external factors are exposed to certain parts of the body, increased production of melanin begins, which leads to skin pigmentation.
Children may have dark spots for the following reasons:
- As a result of heredity. The presence of a large number of moles and other pigmented formations in relatives often leads to their appearance in a child.
- Irregularity in the production of hormones in a pregnant woman while carrying a child.
- Negative impact on a woman's body of external factors (strong radiation, exposure to chemical components, harmful work, a sharp change in climate).
- Infection of the genitourinary system.
- Genetic diseases, one of which is the process of pigmentation.
Child treatment
It is important to remember that the skin of a newborn baby is very sensitive and delicate, so it is quickly exposed to any negative processes. Anatomical and physiological features (thin epithelium, humoral and unformed immunity) provoke a direct impact on the body of external factors. Pigmentation in a child is a serious reason for going to a treating specialist. Only an experienced doctor can determine the danger and form of a dark spot after carrying out diagnostic measures.
Treatment of dark formations on the child's body, if they do not bring any discomfort, lies in the dynamic monitoring of the general condition. Lightening and bleaching preparations to eliminate dark spots on the body of a child are almost never used. Many products include hormones or chemical components that are dangerous for the baby. After consulting a doctor, pigmentation in a child older than 6-7 years old can be eliminated with the help of parsley juice, lemon, cucumber and other folk remedies. With an increase in the size of the formation or the appearance of new ones, it is important to seek the help of a doctor without fail.
