Platelets are one of the main components of human blood. Experts recommend keeping their levels normal, otherwise the risk of fatal diseases increases. That is why it is so important to know the function of platelets.
Basic concepts
Platelets are round blood elements that are involved in the normalization of hemostasis. Cells are microscopic in structure and do not have a nucleus. Their diameter is only about 3 microns. They are formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. In the bloodstream, these elements stay from 5 to 11 days. They are then broken down in the spleen and liver. At rest, platelets are shaped like a rounded disc. At the moment of activation, they swell and become like a sphere. Since the main function of platelets in the blood is to protect blood vessels, when cut, they form specific outgrowths called pseudopodia. With the help of these protrusions, the bodies are attached to each other, that is, they pass into the aggregation stage. The cells then adhere to the damaged area of the vessel. This ability is called adhesion.
It is noteworthy thatplatelets are capable of releasing dozens of useful microcomponents into the blood, such as enzymes, serotonin, adenosine diphosphate, fibrinogen, and others. This distinguishes them from other red bodies.
The main function of platelets
As you know, these blood cells are actively involved in the process of coagulation, that is, in hemostasis. This is the main function of platelets. For the human body, this process is one of the most important. It helps to prevent significant blood loss during a serious injury. Thanks to this function of human platelets, the walls of blood vessels become stronger. Taurus in a short time clog the place of damage. Essentially, these blood cells play the role of the primary vascular plug.
Coagulation occurs as a result of the interaction of enzymes, proteins and about 40 other components. This is a very complex biological mechanism in which platelets, prothrombin and fibrinogen play the main role. The interaction of these elements occurs in the blood plasma.
Auxiliary functions of platelets
In addition to the protective properties, these red plates have another useful ability. It consists in the nutrition of the endothelium of the human circulatory system. Thanks to this function of platelets, the vessels receive vital trace elements that contribute to the normalization of the flow of red cells and the overall functioning of internal organs. The degree of protection of the body (immunity) largely depends on this property. Also, blood elements are actively involved in regeneration,that is, in the healing of tissues after injury. This effect is achieved by an accelerated process of division and release from the vessels. In other words, platelets perform the function of plugging the entire area of damage. Moreover, they contribute to the accelerated growth of affected cells. This process refers to the division of polypeptide molecules.
During platelet activation, fibroblasts also grow. Also at this moment, microcomponents are produced that are responsible for the transformation of cells and the restoration of insulin levels.
Normal indicators
In humans, platelets should always be within the generally accepted limits. In the general analysis, values \u200b\u200bare given per 1 liter of blood. The specifics of the entry looks like this: x109/l. The norm in an adult is the number of platelets in the range from 200 to 400 units. In adolescents from 15 to 18 years old, these figures are 180-420. In children under 15 years of age, the level of bodies varies from 150 to 450 units. In newborns, the minimum threshold is 100, and the maximum is 400. It is worth noting that in females, platelet limits may be slightly lower than the above norms. It depends on the physiological characteristics and the level of hormones. In addition, at the time of menstruation, the minimum platelet threshold drops sharply due to blood loss. A similar situation is observed in pregnant women, when the level of regenerating bodies can decrease significantly. This is due to an increase in the volume of fluid in the blood. Therefore, the analysis shows a decrease in the number of allmicrocomponents.
It is important to understand that the platelet count is not the main thing. With the results of the analysis, in any case, it is necessary to consult a doctor in order to conduct additional studies to determine the effectiveness of their action. This procedure is called a coagulogram.
Deviations and their causes
If a blood test showed that there is a lack or excess of platelets in the body, an additional medical examination is urgently needed. This is the first warning sign that signals the development of a serious illness.
Since platelets are indispensable and vital for blood, any deviation from the norm affects the general condition of the body. A decrease in the number of bodies increases the risk of prolonged healing even with minimal damage. In other words, blood clotting is minimized. With an increase in the level, the protective functions of platelets are activated. In this case, large junctions will form in the vessels that disrupt blood flow. As a result, there is a risk of developing blood clots. Sharp deviations from medical norms may indicate the initial stage of cancer. To prevent and maintain platelet levels, doctors recommend proper nutrition. The diet should always be rich in vitamin B12 and folic acid.
Reduced platelet function
This condition occurs during a significant decrease in the number of regenerating bodies in the blood. As a result of this decline, the internal organs become vulnerable toinfections. This adversely affects primarily the liver and thyroid gland.
The reasons for the decrease in the number of platelets and their functionality may be diseases such as rubella, leukemia, measles. The worst of them is cancer. In addition, a decrease in the level is observed in patients after chemotherapy, as well as in the case of aspirin overdose and dehydration. Some strong antibiotics can adversely affect the growth of blood cells. Decreased platelet count requires mandatory treatment. First of all, the doctor must prescribe pharmacological drugs. And already in second place are diet and herbal prophylaxis. Folk methods are powerless here, and delaying treatment can lead to inevitable consequences. It is important during prophylaxis not to take drugs that thin the blood, such as analgesics, Aspirin, the sulfanilamide group.
Overabundance of platelets
An increase in the level of regenerating cells indicates cancer. In addition, it affects the auxiliary functions of platelets. An overabundance of bodies is also possible with sepsis or after surgery to remove the spleen. An isolated case may be severe internal bleeding.
As a result of a rapid increase in platelets, emboli formation is formed in the vessels. This problem requires an immediate solution. It is worth noting that self-treatment will not give any results. Only pharmacological therapy will help here. Fromthe most common drugs can be distinguished "Pirabutol" and "Aspirin". It is also important to exclude any overload of the body.
Probable diseases
With a decrease in platelet levels, there is a high risk of developing aplastic anemia, Werlhof and Gaucher disease, cytopenic purpura.
With an increase in the number of red plates in the blood, there is a possibility of dengue fever and hemolytic syndrome. But first of all, you should be checked for cancer.
Violation of platelet function to aggregation and adhesion entails Bernard-Soulier, von Willebrand, Pudlak, Scott syndromes. If red cell metabolism fails, atherosclerosis, ischemia are observed heart disease, cerebrovascular and arterial disease, malaria, asthma, cancer.
