The stomach is a hollow muscular organ, part of the food processing system, located between the alimentary canal and the initial section of the small intestine. It includes a mechanism consisting of celiac and vagus nerves that provide nervous regulation of the stomach. The innervation of the stomach, i.e., supplying it with nerves and providing communication with the main part of the nervous system, is carried out using the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems.
What is innervation
Providing organs and tissues with nerves is called innervation. There are centripetal (afferent) nerves. Through them, irritation is brought to the main part of the nervous system. There are also centrifugal (efferent) nerves. They carry impulses from the center to the edge. For the standard activity of an organ, its relationship with the centers through the efferent (centrifugal) nerves is necessary. Efferent nerves are divided into somatic, passing from the anterior horns of the dorsal brain to the muscles,and vegetative, going through the concentration of nerve cells, containing the dendrites and axons of nerve cells.
Practically all apparatuses of the body have a dual supply of organs with nerves - autonomic and somatic (muscles) or sympathetic and parasympathetic (stomach, intestines).
What is sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
Sympathetic innervation is a part of the autonomic nervous system, the accumulation of nerve bundles of which is located at a considerable distance from the organ supplied by the nerves. It is divided into the main, located in the dorsal brain, and the peripheral, containing multiple interconnected nerve branches and nodes. Innervation is activated with a combination of adaptive interactions of the body on the influence of various negative stress factors.
Parasympathetic innervation is part of the ganglionic nervous system, interconnected with part of the autonomic system. Functionally, the opposition keeps the balance. The main parasympathetic nerve is the vagus nerve (a paired nerve that runs from the brain to the abdominal cavity). Along with centripetal and transmitting parasympathetic fibers, it includes receptive and motor somatic, transmitting sympathetic fibers.
Sympathetic innervation
The sympathetic innervation of the stomach is represented by groups of cells located in the gray matter of the dorsal brain, mainly in its lateral horns. The fibers of these cells go into the composition of the anterior motor spinalspine.
This innervation of the stomach performs the following functions:
- Reduces the process of extracting complex forms of matter, consisting of interconnected atoms, from the cell.
- Weakens the undulating contraction of the walls of hollow cylindrical organs (peristalsis).
- Causes the absence of the normal state of persistent arousal.
Parasympathetic innervation of the stomach
Parasympathetic innervation is the supply of nerves to the ascending, transverse and descending colon from the vagus nerves. Parasympathetic fibers increase peristalsis, expand the throttle device, stabilizing the transformation of the contents from one organ to another.
