Not every obese person is able to get rid of extra pounds on their own. Even the advice of professional weight loss specialists in some cases are powerless. However, obesity is not only an unpleasant external defect. Very often it becomes a source of development of many diseases. In this case, losing weight is simply vital. And then stomach reduction surgery becomes a real salvation for patients.
General information
Most often the cause of obesity lies in the large volume of the stomach. It stretches as a result of malnutrition and non-compliance with the diet. Everyone knows that doctors recommend eating food fractionally - 5-6 times a day. In addition, it is important to remember the number of servings. It should be such that it fits in the open palm.
Unfortunately, most people completely ignore this advice. They eat irregularly, most often after work, in the evening. And at the same time they eat a portion 2-3 times larger than recommended. Of course, in such conditions, the volume of the stomach increases. A stretched organ requires more food. And digested calories are quickly transformed into extra pounds.
You can change the situation on your own, without resorting to surgical intervention. To do this, you need to start eating right, gradually accustoming the stomach to small portions. It will shrink over time. In addition, there is a special set of exercises aimed at combating obesity.
Unfortunately, not every overweight patient can tune in to a completely different lifestyle. And there is only one thing left for such people - to think about the operation to reduce the stomach.
Varieties of surgery
Doctors have developed several technologies to reduce stomach volume:
- vertical gastroplasty;
- bypass;
- resection;
- banding;
- ballooning.
These operations are quite different in technique. In addition, they have their own indications and contraindications. But the essence of these interventions is the same - to significantly reduce the stomach, reduce hunger and protect the patient from overeating.
So, let's look at how stomach reduction operations take place.
Vertical Gastroplasty
Surgery is a very popular procedure for the formation of a small ventricle. What lies at its basis? Such a decrease in the volume of the stomach is based on the division of the organ into 2 unequal parts. All saturation receptors are located in the upper zone, whichseparated by means of a special support ring. This part has a relatively small size and is approximately 20 ml.
During eating, the small ventricle fills up very quickly. The receptors located in this zone transmit information about the saturation of the body to the brain. Accordingly, a person is completely protected from overeating. After a couple of minutes, food enters most of the stomach. In the future, it is processed and goes through the usual path.
Such operations are recommended for patients whose body mass index exceeds the norm by 35 kg.
Surgery can be performed in two ways:
- Regular incision, the length of which is 7-8 cm. Subsequently, a cosmetic suture is applied.
- Laparoscopic method. A more complex operation, in terms of execution technology, involving a puncture. The cosmetic effect is improved, the recovery time is reduced. Such an operation is much easier for patients.
However, there are contraindications to vertical gastroplasty. It is absolutely not recommended for people who are accustomed to "jam" their sorrows. Because these patients may develop depression.
The operation provides very favorable results. Patients manage to get rid of almost 60% of excess weight. The best results are observed in the first six months after the intervention.
How much does this stomach reduction surgery cost? The price of the event varies depending on the medical institution in which it will becarried out. The average cost of vertical gastroplasty is 102,000 rubles.
Performing shunting
People who are obese are constantly experiencing the strongest feeling of hunger. Gastric bypass can save patients from the "wolf" appetite, and therefore from overeating.
What does this operation imply? During surgery, a small ventricle is formed by the doctor. It is directly connected to the small intestine. With such an operation, most of the stomach is excluded from the digestive process, but all organs are preserved.
The main advantages of such an intervention:
- Significant weight reduction, yet fairly stable. It is possible to get rid of 65-75% of excess weight.
- People suffering from type 2 diabetes, in most cases, get rid of drug dependence.
- Improvement in the condition of patients with a history of: hypertension, bronchial asthma, respiratory failure, heartburn, spinal diseases, joint pathology.
- Achieved results are saved. Weight gain is almost impossible. Therefore, repeated operations are extremely rare.
However, do not forget that gastric bypass surgery is a surgical procedure. Therefore, there is always a risk of complications.
Unpleasant consequences that patients may experience are as follows:
- bleeding;
- blood clots in vessels;
- pulmonary complications (pneumonia);
- an ulcer at the junction of the small intestine and stomach (1-3% chance, even smokers have a much higher risk of erosion);
- vitamin and mineral deficiencies (develops in people who do not follow doctor's orders).
Patients after bypass surgery are prescribed special drugs that are recommended for use throughout life:
- iron medicines;
- calcium preparations;
- multivitamins.
This is a fairly effective and popular operation to reduce the stomach. The price of such a procedure averages 130,000-200,000 rubles and is carried out in many clinics.
Gastric resection
This operation belongs to the category of new technologies. It has been practiced for 10 years. This surgical procedure is known as a drain resection or sleeve resection. What is the name of the operation to reduce the stomach in the language of professionals? This surgical intervention is called - longitudinal resection of the stomach.
The operation involves the removal of most of the organ, but at the same time they retain all the physiological valves necessary for a full-fledged digestive process. Resection allows you to make a narrow tube from a large stomach, the volume of which is about 100-120 ml.
Indications for such an operation are the following conditions:
- tumors;
- peptic ulcer;
- this is a carcinoma;
- diseases of the duodenum.
Effective weight loss after surgery, according todoctors, occurs as a result of the following features of the operation:
- It is the part of the stomach that produces the hormone ghrelin in the body (it is he who provides the feeling of hunger) that is removed. This eliminates the risk of overeating.
- Food rapidly passes through the stomach and enters the intestines. As a result, the patient quickly realizes that he is full. He has no desire to continue eating.
This operation is not recommended for people suffering from heartburn. These patients are better off considering bypass surgery.
If we talk about possible negative consequences, then no surgeon can exclude such risks as bleeding, failure of sutures. In addition, a rather unpleasant consequence associated with non-compliance with proper nutrition in the future can be stretching of the stomach. In this case, the doctor may recommend a second operation. But now we will talk about shunting.
Such stomach reduction surgery is allowed for people of all ages. They can be performed for both elderly people and teenagers.
The cost of resection is about 200,000 rubles in Moscow and about 240,000-261,000 rubles in St. Petersburg.
The essence of bandaging
This is a fairly effective operation, which belongs to the category of simple and safe. Gastric banding involves dividing the organ into two uneven parts. The procedure is performed by putting on a special ring. So in the upper region of a large organ a smallventricle.
This intervention is recommended for people whose mass index is above 35, but does not exceed 50.
Gastric banding is indicated for patients whose obesity has led to serious he alth problems such as:
- diabetes;
- varicose veins of the lower extremities;
- hypertension;
- infertility due to obesity (caused by PCOS);
- diseases of the spine, joint ailments (arthritis, arthritis).
The procedure is quite effective and provides excellent results. In addition, bandaging rarely causes side effects.
But such an operation has contraindications. Banding is not performed in the following cases:
- pregnancy;
- diseases of the lungs, heart;
- ulcer, erosive gastritis;
- diseases of the esophagus;
- cirrhosis of the liver;
- mental disorders;
- compromised immunity;
- autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma);
- presence in the body of an infection of a chronic nature (for example, tonsillitis).
The bandaged patient will need to get used to the new dietary guidelines. And it's not easy enough.
Doctors recommend following these rules throughout your life:
- Eat small meals, up to 5-6 times a day.
- The first portion should be chewed (using at least 30 movements), and only thenswallow. This must be followed by a minute pause. This will ensure the passage of swallowed food into the stomach through the band.
- Drinking during the meal is prohibited. You can drink liquid 1 hour before a meal or 30 minutes after it.
- Sweet high-calorie drinks, ice cream, chocolate will have to be completely abandoned. Otherwise, surgery will not provide the desired result.
Today, such an operation is performed by the laparoscopic method. Thanks to this method, surgical intervention does not require general anesthesia, and the load on the heart is significantly reduced. In addition, small incisions remain on the body, not exceeding 1.5 cm.
One of the advantages of bandaging is the ability to loosen and tighten the ring. Thus, the patient has the opportunity to regulate the process of losing weight.
How much does such an operation to reduce the stomach cost? The price in St. Petersburg is 170,000 rubles.
Install balloon
If we consider all operations to reduce the stomach, then the simplest of them is ballooning. This method, in fact, is not even a surgical intervention. This is a special event that resembles a regular gastroscopy.
What is this manipulation? A probe is inserted into the stomach through the oral cavity, with the help of which a special balloon is placed in the organ. In appearance, it resembles a bubble with thin walls. The balloon is filled with water (approximately 600-700 ml). In the process of inflating, it fills a part of the stomach. This leaves little room for food in the organ.
The balloon stays in the stomach for approximately 4-6 months. After this time, it must be removed. The procedure is also performed using an endoscope, which excludes incisions.
Staging a balloon allows you to get rid of 30% of excess weight. The cost of the procedure is 55,000-65,000 rubles.
Where do stomach reduction surgery
Such surgical interventions are carried out today in almost all clinics. If the doctor sees the expediency of the operation, he will definitely recommend a hospital where you will be helped.
If you choose a clinic yourself, then be sure to study patient reviews, be interested in the technology of the procedure. In addition, check how professional the surgeon you will fall into the hands of.
Opinion of patients
Does gastric reduction surgery really deliver great results? Patient reviews show that in almost all cases it is possible to achieve the desired weight loss. People claim that they were able to lose up to 65 kg. The following interventions are especially popular: shunting, bandaging.
However, the operation has a downside. Patients who have undergone such interventions are faced with the need to strictly follow the established diet.
Conclusion
Before deciding on such an event, be sure to weigh all the prosand cons. Perhaps you can still pull yourself together and on your own, without the help of a surgeon, limit your diet? If you can’t do it, then trust your he alth only to professionals!
