Cephalhematoma and birth tumor are quite common injuries in newborns. The baby can get such damage even if the birth is normal. If the process is complicated by something, the pregnancy was pathological, there are problems with delivery, then the probability of injury approaches one hundred percent. The presenting part suffers first.
Risks and their significance
As doctors say, a birth tumor appears in newborns when passing through the paths. Currently, among other injuries received during the passage of these organs, it is the tumor that occurs more often than others. Without any treatment, it usually disappears completely on its own in a couple of days.
A birth tumor in newborns on the head is the easiest injury that a child can get when he is born. It is always localized on the presenting part. The process of its formation has long been studied: soft skinimpregnated with serous secretions surrounding the fetus. In many children, examination shows hemorrhages in the tissue under the layer of skin, as well as in the skin. No consequences.
Features of the case
The nuances of the formation of a birth tumor in newborns are determined by the peculiarities of the location of the fetus during childbirth in the ways of the mother's body. Most often, the pathological focus is located in the region of the parietal bones of the skull, less often it can be found on the back of the head. In some, tumor processes are localized on two adjacent bones at the same time. If the child is presented with a face, then the tumor appears here. With breech presentation, you can find a formation in the inguinal region, on the buttocks. If any limb falls out first, the tumor is localized on it.
One of the characteristic signs of a birth tumor is a discrepancy between the outlines of this focus and the cranial sutures. The dimensions of the tumor process depend on the duration of labor. In some, the focus is very small, almost indistinguishable, and soon disappears completely. If the relief from the burden was difficult, the tumor may form large, pronounced, immediately attracting attention.
How is a baby born?
To understand how it was formed, why a birth tumor appeared on the head, you will have to deal with the peculiarities of the birth of a child. During the period of passage along the paths of the woman in labor, the head of the fetus is located in the pelvic region, where it is subjected to strong compression. This part of the child's body is tightpressed against the bones of the female body, causing blood flow to be disturbed. The veins are the first to suffer - the outflow of blood is impossible, as a result, the tissues begin to swell. The severity of the tumor process is determined by the duration of the mother's resolution of the burden and how strong the pressure was.
When a birth tumor is formed unlimited edema. This term refers to such a condition of the child, in which the tumor process is not localized within one bone, but spreads beyond it. At the same time, the child himself does not experience any discomfort. By the fourth day, the swelling should resolve on its own, although this usually happens sooner.
Options and scenarios
Birth tumor is a phenomenon that is considered the norm for natural childbirth. This condition does not leave any consequences, therefore, should not cause concern to parents. In some cases, the doctor may recommend measures to speed up and facilitate the process of resorption of the tumor focus. Parents will often have to turn the child from one side to the other and lightly stroke the head. It is necessary to touch the newborn superficially, avoiding the displacement of delicate tissues.
Sometimes cephalohematoma manifests itself with signs similar to a birth tumor. This term refers to such an injury received at birth, in which the hemorrhage is quite strong, the blood flows for a long time, gets under the periosteum.
Cephalhematoma: features
Such a tumor-like birth injury is usuallylocalized in the region of the crown, less often on the back of the head. In some babies, cephalohematoma is observed in the temporal part of the head or on the forehead. A cephalohematoma is different from a simple tumor process, so doctors never confuse the two conditions. With a hematoma, you can see clear boundaries that coincide with the cranial sutures. Mostly the process is localized on one bone, rarely affects two.
Cephalhematoma belongs to the number of defects of the periosteum, while the tumor affects the skin layers and tissue directly under the integument. With a hematoma, there is a possibility of detachment of the periosteum, which most often happens when the tubercles of the crown erupt. The cause may be a fracture of the cranial bone. In some newborn patients, cephalohematoma is due to an unfortunate skull shape, an excessively long gestation period, or too rapid birth. It is known that more often cephalohematoma is observed in those children whose mothers misbehaved during the birth period and did not follow the doctor's advice. There is a higher chance of a birth injury if a woman actively moved her pelvic region and legs, trying to take a more comfortable position, relieve pain.
Features: key factors
When analyzing the child's condition for the presence of cephalohematoma, it is necessary to assess how limited the pathological area, which can be mistaken for a tumor. The second feature that allows you to make an accurate diagnosis is the presence of a compacted peripheral roller. At first, this area is soft to the touch, it does not cause pain or discomfort to the child, it gradually developsfluctuation. In some babies, in the first days of life, the hemorrhage becomes larger, but listening to the area does not allow you to feel the pulsation. Cephalhematoma resolves for weeks or months. The disappearance process usually begins at one and a half weeks of age, sometimes lasting several months.
Tumor: what are the features of the pathological focus?
As studies have shown, a birth tumor is associated with improper blood outflow from the tissues that form the head of the fetus. Such processes are possible only after the discharge of the waters surrounding the child after the onset of labor. The tumor resembles the consistency of jelly or dough. As a rule, the pathological area has a yellowish tint, in some - red of varying degrees of saturation. The color is determined by how large and profuse the hemorrhage was.
If the baby is born in the first position, the tumor is shifted to the right side, if in the second position, it can be seen on the left. In many ways, the processes are explained by the fact that quite often the fetus is characterized by a non-gel passage of the head, while the swept seam moves towards the cape.
Studying the state of the child: what can be seen?
If you examine the birth tumor under a microscope, you can see numerous foci of hemorrhage. The swelling of the tissues will also attract attention. It is noted that during a vaginal examination, this injury can be easily confused with the fetal bladder, the most reliable criterion for clarification is the presence of hair. The tumor is stronger, the longer the anhydrouslabor stage.
Statistical studies show that birth tumors are more often found in first-born children. In addition, the risks are associated with a protracted birth process, prolonged eruption of the head.
About the sad
Studies of stillborns have shown that in such fetuses a tumor process is also formed, tissues swell, areas of hemorrhage appear, localized in the soft tissues of the body. It is not called a birth tumor, since it has been established that the pathological site appears postmortem, the mechanism of its formation is similar to the appearance of cadaveric spots. The post-mortem tumor does not differ in the clarity of localization. With this formation, there will be no large focus of hemorrhage, stagnation, blood does not get under the periosteum.
Birth: what if not on time?
In children born prematurely, often foci of hemorrhage are localized near the temporal ossicles. At the moment, the cause of such a birth injury is still being clarified. Presumably, it can be explained by stretching of the cranial sutures during the passage of the maternal birth canal.
Periosteal congestion and swelling
This is the name of the pathological focus of plethora in the region of the cranial periosteum. As a rule, there are small areas of hemorrhages - dots and spots. Stagnation has clearly defined boundaries, shifts towards the crown and reflects the passage of the head through the maternal birth canal. The area of the birth tumor and stagnation help to assess, asyncliticbirth is explained by physiology or it must be regarded as pathological. In most cases, we are talking about pathology.
Parent experience
Many women in labor find out that their baby has a birth tumor. Doctors believe that it is safe, there is no reason to worry. As can be seen from the reviews of women, others at first are worried about a dubious area on the head of a child, but soon it disappears on its own, and fears go with it.
