Moles, or nevi, are on the body of every person. With age, new formations may appear. In most cases, nevi are flat and do not cause any problems. Sometimes, however, hanging moles form, which is quite unpleasant from an aesthetic point of view, especially if they are on exposed skin areas such as the neck and face.
Nevus formation
The basis of the mechanism of formation of age spots is a violation in the functioning of melanoblasts. The latter are cells responsible for the production of melanin pigment, which determines the color of the skin and individual skin areas on the body. Melanoblast dysfunction can occur during fetal development.
As a result of pathological changes, melanin is distributed unevenly over skin cells, which leads to a grouping of age spots in different parts of the skin. Doctors explain the formation of nevi genetically determineddefect of the epidermis.
Risk group
First of all, women can be attributed here - they have much more often than men, such neoplasms. The cause of a nevus is, as a rule, a high level of estrogen. The risk is also higher in people with very fair and sensitive skin. Don't spend long periods of time in the sun without a high SPF. People with burns, both thermal and chemical, are also at risk.
Benign neoplasms
Hanging moles are considered benign formations. However, under the influence of certain negative factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, mechanical damage, etc., cells can mutate and provoke the development of melanoma.
Why do hanging moles appear on the neck? The skin in this area has a high degree of sensitivity to negative external influences, which explains the greatest likelihood of developing nevi on it.
Varieties of moles
There are several types of nevi. The difference between them can be in the form, as well as in size. The risk of degeneration of a mole into melanoma is quite high. The most common types of nevi are:
1. Hanging. Moles in the neck are a neoplasm in the form of a papilla. Their color is often flesh. Hanging moles on the body protrude above the surface of the skin, for which they hold on to a thin base. This type of mole can appear in a person at any age. Registered in medical practicecases of hanging nevi in newborns. According to external characteristics, they resemble papillomas, but the structure of these formations is different. The danger of hanging nevi is that they are easy to injure, which can provoke a mutation and degeneration into melanoma.
2. Red. They are also called angiomas. Unlike others, these formations arise as a result of an increase in blood vessels, which causes their red tint. Such age spots occur mostly in children. For adults, such formations are not typical. Scientists see a relationship between angiomas and infectious diseases experienced by a woman during pregnancy.
Often there is a hanging mole under the armpit. The reasons for its appearance are ultraviolet that gets on the skin, fluctuations in hormonal levels (transitional age or pregnancy - neoplasms often occur at this time), HPV, heredity.
Types of pigment moles
Another type of nevi are pigmented moles. They, in turn, are divided into the following types:
1. Lentigo. This is a spot of a solid color, which can be either light or dark brown. Moles of this type are flat and do not protrude above the surface of the skin. Quite often they are mistaken for freckles.
2. Specific or complex nevi. They are distinguished by a dark color and a convex structure. Their peculiarity is that they are located not only on the surface, but also on the inner layer of the epidermis.
3. Intradermal nevus. Has a smooth or rough surface. This mole is characterized by the appearance of hairs on its surface.
4. Sotton spots. These age spots appear suddenly and also suddenly disappear. A significant difference between Sotton's spots and other types of moles is a specific halo, which is formed from discolored skin. Spots quite rarely degenerate into malignant neoplasms.
5. Blue moles. As the name implies, they are distinguished by their blue color, as well as their small size, reaching a maximum of 2 mm. All blue nevi have an even shape. Most often they appear on the face and neck.
6. congenital nevi. They appear on the baby's body immediately after birth and grow with him.
Causes of moles
The exact causes of the appearance of nevi on the human body are not yet known. However, there are factors that, according to research, can provoke the formation of nevi:
1. Ultraviolet radiation. In excess, it leads to a change in the pigmentation of the skin. Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can cause disruption of the melanoblasts. What else can cause hanging moles?
2. Failure in the hormonal balance of a person. Nevi quite often appear during pregnancy and during adolescence, due to pronounced hormonal changes.
3. Predisposition at the genetic level. It is not uncommon for parents and children to have moles in the samesame place. But the formation of moles is not always explained by heredity. The occurrence of a nevus can be triggered by various factors, including the individual characteristics of the organism.
4. Skin damage. Injury to the same area of the skin several times can lead to cell mutation and, as a result, to the formation of age spots.
The danger of hanging moles is that there is a high risk of their degeneration into melanomas.
Reasons
Melanomas occur as a result of the active reproduction of cells that are responsible for the production of melanocytes. This process is activated under the influence of the following factors:
1. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
2. Damage to the area of \u200b\u200bthe skin on which the moles are located. Hanging moles in the neck are especially dangerous, as they are easily injured by jewelry or clothing.
3. Hormonal failure.
4. Malignant neoplasm. The causes of hanging moles should be determined by a doctor.
When to see a doctor?
The following symptoms are considered reasons for seeking medical advice:
1. Active mole growth.
2. Change in the color of the pigment spot, especially in the case of black and dark blue nevi.
3. The mole has become rough.
4. Bleeding neoplasm.
5. Mole inflammation.
6. A halo appeared around the neoplasm.
7. Itchingnevus.
The above signs may indicate the onset of cell mutation, which will later cause melanoma. However, sometimes the cause of itching and inflammation can be quite common - wearing uncomfortable, tight clothing that rubs the nevus.
How to remove a hanging mole?
Nevus removal
Pigment spots are removed only if the degeneration of a mole into a malignant neoplasm is confirmed. Sometimes surgeons remove a mole at the request of the patient, even if there is no indication for this procedure. There are several methods:
1. laser removal. It is prescribed if necessary to remove a mole with a flat surface. The laser sequentially burns out layers of skin in the place where the neoplasm is located. Removal is performed under local anesthesia and does not actually cause damage to he althy areas of the skin that are located around the nevus.
2. Electrocoagulation. Removal of a mole occurs by exposing the affected area to high-frequency current.
3. Cryodestruction. It is used in cases where there is a need to remove a hanging mole. The procedure is carried out with liquid nitrogen. Under the influence of low temperatures, the cells die off and it turns out to remove the mole.
4. Excision of tissues. This method can be used for any formations. Thus, it is possible to achieve not only the complete removal of the mole, but also to prevent possible relapses. After the excision, the scar remains in place,where the mole was.
Treatment at home
There are several methods for self-removal of a nevus. Special drugs can be bought at pharmacies. They are drugs that have a freezing and necrotizing effect. In addition, you can use the methods of traditional medicine, namely:
1. Celandine. It is an affordable and effective way to remove moles. To do this, celandine juice is applied to the surface of the nevus twice a day. When a black dot forms at the site of application, stop processing and wait two weeks for the growth to dry out and fall off.
2. Soda. The paste from this remedy is applied to the mole for two weeks. It is necessary each time to wait for it to dry, and then rinse. The procedure is repeated twice a day.
3. Garlic. Fresh juice should be treated with a mole. Avoid contact with he althy skin. For night compresses, garlic soaked in vinegar for two weeks can be used.
4. Iodine. This antiseptic also has a drying effect. Iodine can get rid of a mole if applied twice a day.
Conclusions
Such moles in themselves do not cause discomfort to a person. In some cases, they disappear on their own without the use of surgical methods of treatment. However, it should be borne in mind that such growths on the skin require special attention, as they can mutate into a malignant neoplasm.
So, we have considered the causes of hanging moles.
