Cholelithiasis has become much younger in recent years. One of the solutions to this problem, and perhaps the most common one, is the removal of the gallbladder. We will consider the consequences of removal for the body in this article.
Hepatocytes (liver cells) produce bile, which is stored in the gallbladder. From there, bile enters the duodenum, helping the process of digestion after eating. This acid-containing hepatocyte secretion also plays a bactericidal role and fights harmful microorganisms that accidentally enter the body.
Causes of stone formation
Gallstones can form for a variety of reasons. But the main thing is still a violation of metabolic processes in the body. This may be due to being overweight or obese, especially if fatty liver develops. Taking a large number of drugs, including hormonal contraceptives, increases the risk of developing calculous (withstone formation) cholecystitis.
Eating disorders can also provoke this ailment. Such disorders can be associated both with the intake of foods high in cholesterol (fatty meat, kidneys, brains, butter, eggs), and the use of highly mineralized water for a long time and low-calorie diets.
Anatomical features of the structure of the gallbladder (bends and bends) can also provoke calculous cholecystitis. This is dangerous with possible complications, for example, blockage of the bile ducts. Removal of the gallbladder can solve the problem. The consequences of removal, as a rule, do not pose a danger, provided that the operation is carried out on time and by highly qualified specialists.
Indications for surgery
The main indications for removal of the gallbladder are most often:
- danger of bile duct blockage;
- inflammatory processes in the gallbladder;
- chronic cholecystitis, not amenable to conservative treatment.
In such cases, it is advisable to remove the gallbladder. The consequences of removal cannot be predicted in advance. But the timely operation minimizes undesirable consequences. Unfortunately, the operation itself does not eliminate the causes of impaired bile formation. And after cholecystectomy, it will take some more time for the body to adapt to work smoothly in the absence of this organ.
If the patient was constantly worried about exacerbations of chroniccholecystitis, then after the operation his condition will improve. The functions of the removed gallbladder will be taken over by nearby organs. But it won't happen right away. It will take several months for the body to rebuild.
Removal of the gallbladder: the consequences of removal
Cholecystectomy can be performed by laparoscopic or abdominal method. In cases where the patient has established the fact of severe infection or the presence of large stones that cannot be removed in any other way, an abdominal operation is performed - removal of the gallbladder. Laparoscopy in other uncomplicated cases is most relevant.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed under computer control. This is a less traumatic operation. After the removal of the gallbladder, the patient is in the intensive care unit for the first 2 hours under the constant supervision of the medical staff. After that, he was transferred to a regular ward. It is not allowed to drink and take any food for the first 6 hours. Then you can give the patient one sip of water without gas.
From the hospital, the patient can already be allowed to go home on the 2-4th day. This is followed by a period of rehabilitation. In uncomplicated cholecystectomy, the patient is usually on sick leave for a month.
What happens after a cholecystectomy?
Bile after removal of the gallbladder enters the intestine constantly, it has nowhere to accumulate, and it becomes more liquid. This makes some changes in the bowels:
- Liquid bile copes worse with harmfulmicroorganisms. They can multiply and cause indigestion.
- The absence of a gallbladder leads to the fact that bile acids constantly irritate the duodenal mucosa. This fact can cause inflammation and development of duodenitis.
- This disrupts intestinal motility, and food masses can be thrown back into the stomach and esophagus.
- Such a process can lead to the development of gastritis, esophagitis, colitis or enteritis.
Try to avoid all these troubles will help properly selected diet. Physical activity will also have to be reduced for a while. On the part of the digestive system, all kinds of violations are possible. Intestinal disorders or, conversely, constipation, bloating are possible. You shouldn't be afraid of this. These are temporary phenomena.
Diet after surgery
During the first day after the operation, it is only allowed to drink still water in small sips, but not more than half a liter in volume. In the next 7 days, the patient's diet includes:
- lean boiled meat (beef, skinless chicken breast) chopped;
- soups with vegetable broth;
- oatmeal or buckwheat porridge on the water;
- fresh dairy products (yogurt, kefir, fat-free cottage cheese);
- baked bananas and apples.
For the period of rehabilitation, products are prohibited:
- all fried foods;
- spicy and s alty;
- fish (even boiled);
- strong tea orcoffee;
- any alcohol;
- chocolate;
- sweets;
- baking.
Further meals
Further, during the first two months after the operation, you must adhere to a sparing diet. It is better known as diet number 5. The following foods are allowed in chopped or pureed form:
- lean meat boiled or steamed;
- white marine fish;
- boiled egg (you can use an omelette cooked in the oven);
- stewed or boiled vegetables (pumpkin, zucchini, cauliflower, carrots, potatoes);
- fruits, berries and their puree, baked apples;
- fresh juices diluted with water;
- rosehip broth;
- tea is weak;
- rye croutons.
Foods that increase gas formation (peas, white and red cabbage, etc.) should be excluded. After 2-3 months, you can add to the diet:
- cereal dishes (rice, barley, millet, etc.);
- cottage cheese, hard cheeses (mild);
- honey, jam (no more than 30 grams per day);
- citrus;
- pastry only yesterday (fresh pastries are still banned).
In the next two years, completely eliminate chocolate, ice cream, cakes, fresh muffins. Eating small meals 5-6 times a day.
Any drinks containing alcohol (even in small quantities) remain banned. This can trigger an attack of acute pancreatitis.
Medication after surgery
Medical treatment is minimal after gallbladder removal. If inflammatory processes in the gallbladder are detected, antibiotics are prescribed after the operation. Antibacterial therapy is carried out in a hospital for the first three days. This is done to prevent the development of postoperative complications.
If the patient complains of pain, analgesics may be prescribed. They are used only for the first 2-3 days. Then you can switch to antispasmodics "Drotaverin", "No-shpa", "Buscopan". These drugs are usually taken in tablet form for up to 10 days.
After gallbladder removal, home treatment can be continued. To improve the lithogenicity of bile, preparations containing ursodeoxycholic acid are used, which reduces the possible microcholelithiasis (the formation of microscopic calculi up to 0.1 cm in size). It could be Ursofalk. It is used in the form of a suspension or capsules. Taking this drug for a long time - from 6 months to two years.
Unfortunately, cholecystectomy does not fully guarantee the prevention of further stone formation, because the production of bile with increased lithogenicity (ability to form stones) does not stop.
Removal of the gallbladder: the cost of the operation
This operation can be carried out both for free and for a fee. They operate free of charge under a medical policy in state medicalinstitutions. Free operation is carried out by highly qualified specialists. This is usually a planned operation. On an emergency basis, it is carried out only if the patient's condition has deteriorated sharply and there is a threat of serious complications or danger to life.
Paid medical centers and clinics can perform cholecystectomy for a certain price. In different clinics, the prices for such an operation can range from 18 thousand rubles to 100. It all depends on the regional location of the clinic and its prestige. Also, the cost of the operation in such centers is affected by the fact who will perform the operation - it will be an ordinary surgeon or a doctor of medical sciences.
