In medical practice, one often encounters chronic bronchitis. Its treatment is a rather lengthy process and requires an integrated approach. The disease most often flows into a chronic form in adults, as it is associated with the presence of progressive changes directly in the bronchial wall. There are a lot of provoking factors.
What is the emergence mechanism?
Treatment of chronic bronchitis is complicated by the fact that during the disease the mucous membrane of the respiratory branches of the throat undergoes significant changes:
- firstly, the mucus secretion mechanism is broken;
- secondly, local immunity is deteriorating;
- Third, there are problems with internal cleaning;
- fourthly, the walls thicken and become inflamed.
The above factors make it much easier for infectious agents to spread. Therefore, exacerbations appear regularly. Over time, edema develops, whichaffects air conductivity.
Possible pathogens
Before chronic bronchitis can be treated, the doctor must determine the type of infection. The main bacterial pathogens are various strains of streptococci, staphylococci and pneumococci. They lead to the development of inflammation in the bronchial tree.
However, the disease may be due to the presence of a virus that provokes irritation of the mucous membrane. Sometimes specific microorganisms like chlamydia and mycoplasma are found. They are classified as an intermediate class due to their similarity to viruses and bacteria.
In many cases, the pathogenic environment is mixed. Often a viral infection opens the passage for bacterial infection to enter. In this case, favorable conditions are formed for the spread of other microorganisms.
Classification and precipitating factors
It is customary to divide all chronic bronchitis according to several criteria. Treatment in adults and children will depend on which form of the disease is currently developing.
| Classification method | Distinguishable species |
| By the nature of the ongoing changes |
Sometimes:
|
|
According to the degree of damage |
Occurs:
|
| By presence of spasms |
Highlight:
|
| By clinical manifestations |
Leaking:
|
Many factors can provoke the disease. Most often, the disease occurs after prolonged inhalation of chemical impurities in the form of tobacco smoke, exhaust gases and other toxic substances. The listed agents irritate the mucous membrane, reducing local immunity and causing a change in the functioning of the secretory apparatus.
Signs of disease
You can not delay the treatment of chronic bronchitis. Symptoms in adults and children are quite specific. When they occur, you must immediately visit a medical institution so that the doctor examines. Early detection of the disease will help avoid complications.
Cough is one of the main symptoms. According to its characteristics, conclusions can be drawn about the course of the disease and clinical options. It may be wet or dry. Cough with the presence of sputum is associated with the protective mechanisms of the body. In this case, there is a natural cleaning of the internal passages from excess mucus.
Cough in chronic obstructive bronchitis in adults is quite different. Treatment in this caseaimed at obtaining an expectorant effect. A feature of this cough is the presence of wheezing directly during forced exhalation.
In the initial stages of the disease, the amount of sputum may be scarce, but with the progression of the disease, its secretion increases. It usually takes on a greenish tint. The presence of such sputum allows us to draw conclusions about the activation of microorganisms.
When listening, wheezing is noted. They are caused by air turbulence that occurs due to the accumulation of sputum. From them, you can easily determine which part of the respiratory tract has undergone an inflammatory process. During remission, dry rales are observed. In the obstructive form, they become wheezing when exhaling.
Typical cases are not accompanied by shortness of breath, but it can occur with very active inflammatory processes, as well as in long-term smokers.
Treatment of chronic bronchitis in adults with drugs
At the initial stage, it is necessary to give up smoking and other bad habits, completely isolate yourself from conditions with harmful environmental factors. This will increase the effectiveness of drug treatment several times. All doctor's prescriptions should be strictly observed.
In the treatment of chronic bronchitis in adults, drugs must be prescribed to help improve airway patency. These medicines include those listed in the table.
| Name | Description |
| "Eufillin" | Comes in the form of tablets containing 150 g of aminophylline. The drug helps to relax the bronchial muscles. The dose is determined individually, but most often the remedy is used 3-4 times a day, 1-2 tablets. |
| "Theophylline" | Different by slow release of the active substance. Ensures the achievement of the required level of theophylline for a therapeutic effect 3-5 hours after consumption. Adults should take the drug in the amount of 0.1-0.2 g 2-4 times a day. |
| "Salbutamol" | Most commonly used for inhalation as an aerosol or powder. However, the drug is also available in the form of tablets and syrups for oral administration. In therapeutic doses, it has a stimulating effect on the bronchi. In solid form, take 1 tablet 3-4 times a day. |
In exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, treatment involves the use of expectorants. They allow for the removal of secreted mucus from the respiratory tract. According to the mechanism of action, drugs in this category can be divided into two groups. The former have a stimulating effect, while the latter thin the sputum.
- "Ambroxol" is a metabolite of Bromhexine. One of the widely used expectorants in medical practice. Has a stimulating effect on serous cellsglands, leads to an increase in the amount of secretion, normalizes the composition of sputum.
- "Ascoril" contains three active substances. Supplied as a syrup. It also helps relieve spasms. The drug is not recommended to be combined with taking Theophylline, so as not to increase the risk of side effects. It should not be consumed during pregnancy and lactation.
- "Erespal" helps in the treatment of chronic bronchitis with the presence of respiratory failure. It is available in solid and liquid form. It is consumed 1 tablet 2 times a day or 45-90 ml. The tool also has an anti-inflammatory effect. The medicine is not recommended to be combined with alcohol and sedatives.
Antibiotics are used only when the infection is of bacterial origin. With the right remedy, the symptoms begin to subside very quickly. Sometimes only antibiotic treatment helps. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis in adults in this case are pronounced, there is a high temperature.
The following drugs are used:
- penicillins;
- macrolides;
- fluoroquinolones;
- cephalosporins.
If necessary, topical preparations can be used. Antipyretic, antihistamine, immunotropic and other drugs, as well as vitamin complexes can act as additional means to help alleviate or relieve symptoms.
Features of treatmentchronic obstructive bronchitis
The disease can be divided into three stages. The score is based on forced expiratory volume per second (abbreviated as FEV1). Indicators are measured as a percentage.
- The value of FEV1 exceeds 50 percent of the set value. At this stage, the disease does not greatly affect the quality of life, so there is no need for constant monitoring.
- When the value of FEV1 is in the range of 35-49 percent, the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis is carried out under the strict supervision of a specialist. The disease is starting to affect quality of life.
- If the FEV1 value does not reach 34 percent, then inpatient and outpatient treatment in the appropriate institutions is necessary. In such a situation, negative reactions are observed when exerting physical activity.
The wrong approach to treatment can lead to complications in the form of respiratory failure and emphysema.
Using Alternative Medicine Prescriptions
As an additional measure, folk remedies for the treatment of chronic bronchitis can be used.
- Garlic oil has an excellent healing effect. It prevents bacteria from developing in the body and alleviates coughs. You need to take 5 cloves of garlic and grind them with s alt. The resulting slurry should be mixed with 100 g of butter. The finished product can be added to food, such as mashed potatoes.
- Get rid ofdry cough helps carrot juice, mixed directly with sugar syrup in a ratio of 1 to 1. A day, such a remedy is allowed to be taken orally up to 5-6 times.
- Often folk treatment of chronic bronchitis is carried out with the help of young pine cones. They are ground and covered with sugar. The resulting mixture is aged for three days, after which the juice is squeezed out of it. The tool is recommended to take a tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
- Inhalation using sage leaves helps a lot. Pine cones can be used instead. It is necessary to pour a tablespoon of the feedstock with one glass of water and cook for about 15 minutes. 5-10 drops of cedar oil are added to the resulting broth. It is desirable to carry out inhalations within 5 days 1-2 times.
- Chronic bronchitis can be treated at home with black radish. It is required to grate and squeeze the juice, which must be mixed 1 to 1 with honey. The product is used before meals, 2 tablespoons each.
- Expectorant effect has a licorice root. Half a liter of boiling water is poured into 30 g of crushed raw materials. On low heat, the product is aged for about 10 minutes. After cooling, it must be filtered. It should be taken 4 times a day for a tablespoon.
- When treating chronic bronchitis in adults with folk remedies, one should not forget about a decoction of linden flowers. A tablespoon of raw materials is poured into a glass of boiling water and aged for about one hour, filtered and taken orally three times a day before meals.
- You canuse a decoction of bran. It is necessary to pour 1.5 liters of water into the pan and bring to a boil. 400 g of bran is added to the container. Cooled and strained broth is used instead of tea.
- Cough can be helped with a very simple remedy. You need to take 2 bananas and crush them, then pour a glass of boiled water. You can add sugar if you wish. The resulting mixture should be taken warm.
- Beetroot syrup is often used in the home treatment of chronic bronchitis. It is good for cough. The beets are thoroughly washed and completely cleaned. The core is then removed. Granulated sugar is added to the resulting recess. Properly prepared beets are baked in the oven.
Breathing exercises
In the presence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis, breathing exercises can help in the treatment. It allows:
- reduce inflammation in the airways;
- normalize blood circulation;
- strengthen the immune system;
- restore lost drainage function;
- increase hemoglobin.
Breathing exercises are a safe and quite effective way to get rid of the disease in children. In babies, the respiratory muscles are not very well developed, so the process of removing sputum is not as active as in adults. The healing process is significantly slowed down because of this.
It is necessary to do breathing exercises even in the absence of pronounced symptomschronic bronchitis. In treatment, this can help significantly.
- The first exercise involves flexion and extension of the palms. It can be done standing or in a chair. The arms are bent at the elbow joint and turned with the palms away from you. With a noisy breath, the fists clench. When you exhale, open your palms. 8 such movements are done at a time. In total, up to 20 approaches are performed.
- Another exercise is best done while standing. Hands should be on the belt. After a sharp breath, a smooth exhalation is carried out, during which you need to lean forward a little. It is recommended to perform 8 reps.
S alt treatment of ailment
Even ancient people noticed that problems with the bronchi disappear after staying in s alt caves. In modern life, visiting such places is not an easy task, so scientists have managed to recreate similar climatic conditions to get rid of the disease.
This type of treatment is called halotherapy. Sessions are held in a special chamber, where certain microclimatic conditions are created. Clean air with suitable temperature indicators and the necessary humidity is pumped inside. To all this, aerosol substances containing a s alt component are added.
Final part
It must be clearly understood that the treatment of chronic bronchitis in adults and children will be successful only with an integrated approach. The combination of all these procedures can permanently get rid of the disease or muchmake a person's life easier. A he althy lifestyle can also bring tangible benefits. Bad habits and a sedentary lifestyle negatively affect the functioning of the bronchi and the respiratory system as a whole.
