Chlamydial urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra caused by the sexually transmitted bacteria Chlamydia. Edema, inflammation of the urinary canal are manifested by a variety of symptoms, although often this pathology occurs without clinical manifestations.
Chlamydial urethritis is a dangerous disease that can affect not only the urinary tract, but also nearby organs, as well as affect vision and digestion. Often, chlamydia occurs against the background of other pathologies caused by cocci, fungal infections or Trichomonas.
Types of chlamydial urethritis
Each type of pathology has its own characteristics and differences from other varieties. In the acute form, the clinic, as in gonococcal infection. And with chronic symptoms, they are completely absent or change with each exacerbation. Chlamydial urethritis in each person manifests itself differently, so it is often confused with other ailments.
Varieties of pathology directly depend onthe degree of damage and the location of the disease. According to these criteria, a torpid view and a total one are distinguished. Sometimes torpid turns into total, and in advanced cases, men may experience prostatitis.
Causes of pathology
The most common cause of the development of the disease is unprotected intercourse. During it, bacteria penetrate from a sick organism into a he althy one, and infection can occur equally often from both men and women. In men, chlamydia linger on the mucous membrane of the penis, their active reproduction begins. With a weakened immune system, pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the epithelium of the urethra, causing inflammation. During their life, bacteria release toxins that have a negative effect on the subepithelial structure of the urinary canal.
Chlamydial urethritis can go unnoticed for a long time, leading to serious complications.
Chlamydia male clinic
Chlamydia urinary tract disease is similar to other types of urethritis.
The incubation period for the development of bacteria is 7-25 days, but can vary up and down, depending on the person's immunity.
Most often, chlamydia is manifested by pain at the end of urination in women and men, as well as discharge from the urethra of a different nature. They can be glassy, purulent, bloody. Most often, discharge occurs in the morning.
Symptoms in men
Usuallyurethritis in men in the early stages does not have any manifestations, and only after a few weeks do the first symptoms of chlamydial urethritis appear. The main manifestations include:
- burning sensation, pain in the urethra;
- head of the penis becomes edematous, hyperemic;
- yellowish mucus comes out of the canal.
During an illness, discomfort appears only in the affected area. With the development of pathology, urine begins to come out in small portions, causing pain. A similar clinical picture develops with gonorrhea: often these ailments occur simultaneously and with the same symptoms.
Women's clinic
At first, women do not have any pathological manifestations of the disease. Later, there is a feeling of discomfort in the genital area, mucous discharge. With an increase in the clinical picture, women experience pain at the end of urination. In addition, the clinic of chlamydia is manifested by itching in the urethra, the appearance of an unpleasant odor, pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse. With the development of the disease, the nature of the discharge changes: at first they are transparent, and later they can become purulent, bloody.
If treatment is not started in time, the pathology quickly rises through the genitourinary system, reaching the cervix.
In case of illness, the anterior wall of the urethra is first affected, and then the symptoms recede. After a while, it reappears with renewed vigor. Such a course indicates the spread of infection.
Possible Complications
If treatment is not started in a timely manner, the pathology becomes more complicated. It can cause a variety of ailments of the genitals and genitourinary system, including hemorrhagic cystitis, epididymitis in women, and in men - urethral stricture, seminal vesicles, prostatitis.
If treated incorrectly, chlamydia can lead to impotence. In women, they cause ectopic pregnancies, erosion of the cervix. Bacteria can cause miscarriages.
Diagnostic Methods
Diagnosis of chlamydial urethritis is carried out in several stages. First, the doctor collects complaints, anamnesis, conducts an initial examination, during which swabs are taken for analysis. Additionally, blood and urine donations are prescribed. After identifying the causative agent of the infection, the causes of chlamydial urethritis are established. This is necessary in order to find out who could infect the patient and whom he could infect. Couples undergo joint therapy: both sexual partners must undergo treatment, otherwise all therapy will come to naught after the first sexual intercourse.
If a chronic form of the disease is suspected, doctors prescribe ureteroscopy and urethrography. It is mandatory to carry out bakposev of the pathogen, which allows you to understand which antibiotics are best treated.
Ultrasound is prescribed to determine the condition of the internal urinary organs.
Treatment methods
After receiving the diagnostic data, the treatment of chlamydial urethritis begins. Since the disease is caused by bacteria, the doctor selects antibacterial drugs. These can be drugs such as Ofloxacin, Doxycycline and other types of antibiotics. Medicines for pregnant women are selected with special care.
Treatment is carried out by taking drugs orally or by introducing them into the urethra. In the chronic form, physiotherapy is performed. During treatment, sexual life is completely excluded.
Choice of drugs
For successful therapy, antichlamydial drugs are selected that are able to penetrate into the structure of the cell. It is also worth considering that chlamydia occurs in conjunction with other pathologies, so the doctor must choose a drug that can affect all types of bacteria, that is, a wide spectrum of action.
Drugs from the following groups are used for treatment:
- Tetracyclines.
- Fluoroquinolones.
- Aminoglycosides.
- Rifampicins.
- Macrolides.
- Sulfanilamides.
Tetracyclines
At the initial stages of the pathology, excellent results are shown by tetracycline drugs - these are "Tetracycline", "Doxycycline". They are prescribed a course of seven days to two weeks. These medicines help to cope well with cervicitis, urethritis, and are effective in asymptomatic carriage of chlamydia. However, drugs in this group are practically not used.
Macrolides
These substances include drugs such as "Erythromycin", "Spiromycin", "Azithromycin" and someothers.
Erythromycin was once used to treat chlamydia, but this antibiotic is outdated, today it has been replaced by new, more effective drugs, including Azithromycin.
"Azithromycin": instructions
The instructions for use of Azithromycin capsules say that this remedy has a wide spectrum of action. The drug is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, some types of anaerobic pathogens, as well as against chlamydia.
When taken orally, the antibiotic is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. When taking a dosage of 500 mg, the maximum concentration in the blood is observed after three hours. The new agent penetrates well into all cells, including the skin and soft tissues. Moreover, the drug accumulates in the tissues thirty times more than in the blood. Such indicators are due to the fact that azithromycin practically does not bind to blood proteins.
Indications for the use of the drug are infectious and inflammatory pathologies caused by antibiotic-sensitive microorganisms:
- diseases of ENT organs;
- diseases of the respiratory system, including SARS;
- urogenital chlamydia;
- diseases of the digestive tract, etc.
The instructions for use of Azithromycin capsules say that this remedy is taken one hour before meals or two hours after meals.
For urethritis, a single dose of capsules is prescribed at a dosage of 1 g. For moderate renal failure, correctiondosage is not required. With severe liver damage, the drug should be prescribed with caution.
Side effects of the drug can be manifested by a variety of clinical symptoms, including: dizziness, nephritis, swelling, chest pain, aggression, sleep disturbance, gastritis, itching, fatigue, hemolytic anemia, arthralgia, etc. Should be careful when driving a car and other vehicles, as the drug affects the ability to drive.
The product is available in capsules, packed in six pieces per contour cell. One contour cell is packed in a cardboard box along with instructions for use. The product is stored at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees out of the reach of children.
Like any antibiotic, Azithromycin is only available by prescription.
Fluoroquinols
Fluoroquinol drugs are highly effective against chlamydia. Antibiotics of this group, which can be prescribed: "Ofloxacin", "Pefloxacin", "Norfloxacin", "Lomefloxacin" and others. However, laboratory experiments have shown that fluoroquinols are inferior in effectiveness to tetracyclines and macrolides.
Currently, Ofloxacin is used to treat bacterial diseases. He is prescribed two hundred milligrams twice a day or four hundred milligrams once a day. The remedy is taken for ten days. There is practically no resistance of chlamydia to this medication.
Chlamydia control
To prevent infection with any sexually transmitted pathology, only protected sex and timely visits to doctors are recommended. Women and men should visit a urologist and gynecologist at least once a year for preventive purposes. During the visit, you can identify hidden infections, learn about diseases that occur without obvious clinical manifestations, including chlamydia and some other pathologies.
Only a gynecologist or urologist can prescribe treatment for chlamydia.
