When a person is diagnosed with diabetes, a deterioration in he alth is sometimes observed, the syndrome of diabetic foot is manifested (ICD code - 10). Deterioration occurs, as a rule, through the fault of the patient himself. The reason may be that he does not adhere to a special diet and does not follow the appointments of a specialist. E 10, 5 - ICD code 10 of the diabetic foot is a very dangerous disease that can cause tissue necrosis (gangrene).
Reasons for education
Basically, diabetic foot, code for ICD 10 of which is E 10, 5, appears due to the neglect of the established rules by the patient himself. When the patient simply does not take care of his he alth, eats improperly, refuses treatment. This attitude towards one's he alth can lead to a sad ending.
The next thing that provokesdiabetic foot syndrome (ICD 10 E10.5) are past illnesses and injuries. In addition to everything, much depends on the medicine itself, on its quality and on how correct the dosage of the drug is. It is because of all of the above that diseases of the diabetic foot are formed - the pathology of the vessels of the lower extremities. Most at risk are people with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetic foot disease is characterized by tissue damage on the feet. When their inflammation is formed, the result is severe suppuration, which can develop into gangrene of the diabetic foot, according to ICD 10, the code is E 10-14 with the fourth value 5.
One of the causes of the disease can be diabetic neuropathy - a violation in the vessels of the lower extremities, which is complicated by bacterial infections.
Disease forms
On this occasion, back in the 90s, the first International Symposium was held, which was dedicated to the consideration of complications of the diabetic foot. Ultimately, a classification of the disease was developed and its progressive forms were identified.
Distinguish these forms of the disease:
- Neuropathic - leads to disruption of the nervous system. It manifests itself as swelling, ulceration, destruction of articular tissues.
- Ischemic - the result of atherosclerotic manifestations, due to which blood circulation in the lower extremities is disturbed.
- Neuroischemic, better known as mixed. This form includes the symptoms of twoprevious types.
When diagnosing one of the diseases, you should not self-medicate and resort to the help of traditional medicine. As practice shows, such methods are not effective and in some cases can serve as an accelerator for the development of diseases.
Often in diabetes there is a neuropathic form, a little less often - neuroischemic. In extremely rare cases, the ischemic form occurs. Therefore, before starting treatment, the specialist must determine the form of the disease and, based on this, begin treatment.
Why do complications occur?
During a disorder in diabetes mellitus of the diabetic foot (ICD - 10 E 10, 5), a jump in blood sugar occurs, it becomes dangerous, especially if such a phenomenon remains unchanged for a long time. Elevated sugar levels negatively affect the nerves and blood vessels. First, capillaries suffer, they gradually begin to die, after the disease affects large vessels. All this affects blood circulation. Because of this, recovery occurs, which is accompanied by tissue necrosis.
The situation is aggravated by the fact that the foot is a very active part of the body, it is constantly in motion, it is constantly affected by loads. This part of the human body is very often injured. Rubber, narrow, uncomfortable shoes, or shoes made of synthetic fibers are at a high risk of developing the disease.
Sometimespeople may not notice small cracks, cuts, scratches, abrasions, bruises and even a fungus, all this has a beneficial effect on the increase in lesions, since with a lack of blood supply, the protective function in damaged areas does not work. The result of such influences is manifested in the long non-healing of wounds, and when infected, large ulcers form, which can be very difficult to get rid of without consequences, with the exception of treatment at the initial stage.
When a diabetic foot is formed, it is very rarely possible to completely eliminate the disease, therefore, as a rule, it becomes chronic. Because of this, the patient is obliged to follow a diet, strictly follow the prescription and everything that the doctor advises. If you have any problems, you should immediately go to the hospital.
Neuropathic
Each form of the disease is manifested by individual symptoms. For example, neuropathic is characterized by a decrease in the sensitivity of the feet, the formation of calluses on them and deformation. When going into a severe form, ulcers appear in the area where there were corns, which are distinguished by rounded shapes.
Ischemic
The ischemic form is characterized by a weak pulse, which is almost inaudible in the area of the feet. At the same time, the skin becomes pale and cold, and painful ulcers also appear. The shape of such ulcers is not even, their edges do not have clear boundaries.
Neuroischemic
Neuroischemic includes manifestations of both previous forms. In medicine, six stages of the disease are distinguishedfoot deformities:
- Temporary absence of ulcers.
- Primary ulceration.
- An advanced degree, when tendon and muscle tissues are affected.
- An advanced form, if present, bone tissue suffers.
- The initial stage of gangrene.
- Extensive gangrene, it affects a large area.
The first signs signaling the onset of the disease: numbness of the feet and a feeling of goosebumps on them. If you experience these symptoms, you should immediately contact a specialist.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can only be made by a specialist, after a detailed examination of the patient, as well as on the basis of a diagnostic examination, which, in turn, includes: complete blood count, ultrasound of the vessels, neurological examination, dopplerography, X-ray of the vessels and feet, biopsy of the contents ulcers.
During the examination, body temperature, pulse, pressure and respiratory rate are measured. Next, the lesions are examined and the degree of progression of the disease is established. For a more detailed study of the problem, the doctor can perform probing and surgical treatment of wounds.
Treatment
The first step in treatment is the normalization of blood sugar, as much depends on it, including all the negative consequences. Treatment of ischemic and neuropathic degrees are similar, their main action is aimed at putting in order the flow of blood to the limbs. This can be done with the help of a therapeutic or surgical method of work.
With the therapeutic methodprescribe antibacterial agents and drugs that relieve swelling and improve blood supply. During surgery, it becomes possible to resume circulation in the vessels without cutting the skin. This technique is carried out thanks to punctures of the arteries or distal shunting. For patients, the most painless regimen is created, ulcers are carefully treated with antiseptic drugs.
With a neuropathic degree, doctors in particular focus on the return of innervation in the limbs, for this they sometimes use drugs whose action is aimed at improving metabolic processes. With untimely treatment and an advanced form of the disease, the consequences can be sad, then doctors have to decide on amputation of the limb.
An important condition for successful therapy is the complete rejection of bad habits, especially smoking. As you know, nicotine has a negative effect on microvessels, it is because of this that treatment is ineffective or helps for a short period of time.
For a patient with diabetic foot disease, national remedies can be recommended as an additional treatment, since with prolonged use, traditional medicine can provide excellent results. Another advantage of using them is their gentle effect that does not cause damage.
To cure a diabetic foot with folk remedies, as a rule, various pharmaceutical substances of natural origin are used in the form of baths, lotions and compresses. Decoctions and infusions of pharmaceutical herbs are widely used - chamomile, sage, eucalyptus, celandine. Healing pastes are produced based on herbs or bee products, which are applied under a bandage for a period of a couple of minutes up to several hours.
Disease prevention
People with diabetes are advised to regularly monitor their he alth, measure the amount of sugar in the blood, use only high-quality drugs that have passed all the studies and tests.
It is important to wear comfortable shoes made of high quality material. When wearing shoes, no microcracks or injuries should appear.
Also, shoes should be breathable, allowing the skin to breathe. It is necessary to avoid the formation of chafing and calluses to the maximum.
It will be equally important to monitor foot hygiene, you can use creams and sprays to help avoid excessive sweating.
Daily, it is imperative to thoroughly wash your feet with laundry soap, to prevent fungi, abrasions and other injuries.
