Cervical cancer in the ICD-10 is categorized as a malignant neoplasm. In the case when the tumor is localized inside, then its code in the ICD is C53.0, and outside - C53.1. With lesions of the cervix that go beyond one or more of these localizations, it is assigned the code C53.8. This classification is not considered clinical and does not affect the choice of treatment.
Statistics
Among all types of oncological pathologies of the female genital area, cervical cancer is approximately 15% and ranks 3rd after malignant neoplasms of the endometrium and breast. This diagnosis annually claims the lives of more than 200,000 women worldwide. In Russia, this type of oncology ranks 5th among the causes of death in women from malignant tumors. In recent years, this oncological pathology has become most often determined in women under the age of 40.years.
Individual approach to treatment
Doctors adhere to the standards of cervical cancer treatment (according to ICD-10 - C53), using innovative methods of surgical interventions, radiation treatment and the most effective anticancer drugs. At the same time, an individual approach to the choice of the method of therapy for each patient is extremely important. The use of modern diagnostic techniques, therapy, including surgical methods, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation allows oncologists to increase the survival rate of sick women.
Reason for development
At the moment, scientists have not established factors that provoke the development of cervical cancer (according to ICD-10 - C53). It is believed that oncological processes develop under the influence of various causes. Viral infections, chemical effects on the female body, mechanical damage to the tissues of the cervix are considered exogenous.
The following endogenous factors in the development of such a pathological process are distinguished:
- hormonal imbalance;
- genetic predisposition;
- metabolic disorders;
- decrease in the immune resistance of the female body.
HPV
In 90% of cases, the starting cause of this disease is HPV. Most often, a malignant tumor causes 16, 31, 18, 33 types. Usually, a type 16 virus is detected in cervical cancer. Its oncogenicity increases significantly with a decrease in the body's immune response. The virus thatparticipates in the mechanism of the onset of pathology, is transmitted through sexual contact. In most cases, spontaneous recovery occurs. But if pathogenic microorganisms are constantly present in the cervix, a cancerous tumor develops.
Chronic inflammation
Significant factors provoking the development of pathology include the inflammatory process of a chronic course. It leads to the formation of dystrophic changes in the structures of the epithelium of the cervix, which ultimately causes the development of severe complications. An equally important factor in the development of oncology of this kind is considered to be traumatic injury during abortions, during childbirth, as well as some contraceptives.
Exogenous and endogenous factors
To exogenous causes of cervical cancer (according to ICD-10 - C53), experts include early sexual activity with various sexual partners, as well as smoking. The following endogenous factors stand out:
- increase in blood estrogen levels;
- immunodeficiency conditions in women, including the presence of HIV infection;
- long-term use of oral hormonal contraceptives.
Don't forget about various occupational hazards, quality and lifestyle.
Symptoms of the disease
At the beginning of its formation, cervical cancer (according to ICD-10 - C53) does not show any pathological signs that can greatly disturb a woman. Only when the malignant growth begins to disintegrate, the following pronounced signs appear:
- whites of various nature;
- pain, most often localized in the lower abdomen, back, and rectum;
- bleeding that occurs with local, even fairly mild trauma as a result of ruptures of small, fragile vessels of tumor formation, located superficially.
An oncological tumor can metastasize through the lymphatic vessels into the walls of the vagina by sprouting in places of its contact with an oncological tumor. The ureter is most resistant to tumor growth. Much more often, specialists detect compression of the ureters by oncological infiltrates, as a result, the normal outflow of urine is disturbed.
The growth of a tumor in the rectum indicates the neglect of the oncological process. The mucous membrane of the rectum, as a rule, does not remain mobile over the tumor for a long time. Rarely, cervical cancer can spread to the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Metastases to distant tissues and organs in untreated cases are rare.
Gynecologists are of the opinion that cervical cancer most often remains a “local process” for a long time. Metastasis is extremely rare, which gives clinical symptoms of a general infection. The temperature in sick women is kept at high levels, sometimes giving periods of remission. Cancer cachexia is observed at a late stage of oncological tumor formation and can be caused by variouspathological complications.
The symptoms of cervical cancer (ICD-10 - C53) should not go unnoticed.
With the development of a malignant tumor, the entire cervix or its individual sections appear dense to the touch, enlarged, the mucous membrane is thickened. Often, anomalies of the integumentary epithelium are visualized in places. It is not uncommon to see excess tissue in the form of whitish patches of various shapes and sizes.
What to do if cervical cancer is suspected (according to ICD-10, code C53)?
Diagnosis of pathology
Currently, there is a variety of diagnostic methods. The basis for the diagnosis of cervical oncology is a complete examination of a woman, the correct collection of an anamnesis of life and disease and complaints, an adequate assessment of the severity of the patient's condition, a gynecological examination using mirrors. The following instrumental methods for diagnosing this disease are used:
- colposcopy;
- laboratory tests for STIs;
- taking material for biopsy;
- cytological screening.
Colposcopy is considered one of the most effective methods for diagnosing both directly malignant cervical cancer (ICD-10 - C53) and precancerous conditions. The efficiency of this method reaches 80%. Oncologists combine it with other modern technologies. Colposcopy allows you to determine the depth and nature of damage to the cervix as a whole, the boundaries and dimensions of the affected area, in order to subsequently carry out some morphologicalresearch.
Cervicoscopy is important in the diagnosis of pathology. This study is performed using a hysteroscope. This technique has some contraindications:
- pregnancy;
- inflammatory processes;
- bleeding.
Cervicoscopy allows you to evaluate the clinical condition of the cervical canal and shows an increase of up to 150 times, which makes targeted biopsy possible. One of the effective methods for determining the location of the tumor is a cytological study, which is recognized worldwide and recommended by WHO. In combination with colposcopy, the effectiveness of this study reaches 90-95%. The essence of cytology is the collection of cells from the cervix and their microscopic examination in order to detect pathological elements. A decisive role in the diagnosis is assigned to the histological examination of the biomaterial obtained by biopsy.
Treatment
The choice of treatment for cervical cancer (ICD-10 code - C53) is determined individually. Therapy depends on the prevalence of the oncological process and the severity of comorbidities. The age of the woman is of the least importance. Traditional methods of treating the disease include:
- surgical;
- combined;
- beam.
At the moment, scientists are actively studying the possibilities of chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer (according to ICD-10, code - C53) anddrug therapy.
In severe intraepithelial cancer, diagnostic separate curettage of the uterus and conization of the cervix are performed using an electric knife, scalpel or laser beam.
Currently, in the treatment of invasive cancer of the 1st and 2nd stage, extended extirpation of the uterus and appendages (Wertheim's operation) is used. Combination treatment involves radiation therapy and surgery in a different sequence.
