Acute tonsillopharyngitis is an infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils. Pathological microorganisms, mainly viruses, take part in the development of the pathological process, however, sometimes it can be bacteria or fungi.
Acute tonsillopharyngitis according to ICD-10, depending on the localization of the pathological process, is divided into tonsillitis and pharyngitis. During the course of the disease, exposure to pathogens leads to severe systemic complications, rheumatism, kidney and heart defects. Treatment is prescribed only after diagnosis and identification of the causative agent of the disease.
Feature of the disease
What is the ICD-10 code for acute tonsillopharyngitis? It combines the symptoms of two diseases. Tonsillitis according to ICD-10 has the code J03, and pharyngitis - J02. This diagnosis implies the presence of a whole complex of signs that are characterized by damage to lymphoid formations and tonsils. In addition, the palate and pharyngeal mucosa are involved in the pathological process.
Basically these twopathologies occur simultaneously in children. The reference book of the International Classification of Disease does not list acute tonsillopharyngitis. For classification, the code of its components is used.
Causes of occurrence
Acute tonsillopharyngitis in children and adults develops when pathogens enter the body. In particular, bacteria, fungi, viruses can act as pathogens. Also, the disease develops against the background of allergies and various injuries. One of the main causes of the disease can be called:
- adenovirus;
- flu;
- coronavirus;
- rhinovirus;
- respiratory syncytial virus.
With a decrease in immunity, the disease can develop against the background of the flow of cytomegalovirus, herpes, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV. With a low immune system, other causes of pathology can be called:
- syphilis;
- diphtheria;
- chlamydia;
- streptococci;
- whooping cough;
- gonorrhea.
Often develops acute tonsillopharyngitis in children 5-15 years old. In a child under 3 years old, a similar disease begins to develop against the background of a viral infection, and after 5 years - a bacterial one.
What could be the signs
Symptoms of acute tonsillopharyngitis are quite pronounced, which is why you can easily recognize the course of the disease. One of the main signs is the presence of pain when swallowing. In addition, pain when swallowing can be given to the ears. This happens when there is severe inflammation. Among the main symptomsacute tonsillopharyngitis, it is necessary to highlight such manifestations as:
- headache;
- nasive voice;
- temperature increase;
- strong weakness;
- bad breath;
- throat redness;
- white plaque and swelling of the tonsils.
Sometimes there may also be many other signs of the disease, which should be attributed to such as:
- rashes in the mouth;
- indigestion;
- fever;
- Swollen or sore lymph nodes.
Often, a disease can have a direct effect on blood vessels and the heart muscle. Especially dangerous is acute tonsillopharyngitis for pregnant women. The consequence of the course of the disease can be complications associated with blood vessels, heart, kidneys, as well as severe intoxication of the body. If the treatment was carried out incorrectly, then even minimal manifestations of inflammation can provoke the development of various kinds of he alth problems.
The acute form of the disease is very dangerous, as it can cause malformations in the fetus, so when the first signs of the disease appear, immediate treatment should be started to preserve the he alth of the unborn child.
It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate and use traditional medicine, as they have many side effects and have a negative effect on the fetus. The most important danger of illness during pregnancy is that it can provoke a miscarriage.
Spicytonsillopharyngitis in adults and children begins very abruptly and has pronounced symptoms. It develops against the background of overheating, hypothermia or stress. During a visual examination, the doctor notes swelling and redness of the palatine tonsils. In some cases, petechial hemorrhages are noted.
When the viral form of the disease occurs, a whitish coating is noted on the affected area of the mucosa, which is easily removed with a spatula. This leaves no bleeding wounds.
With a bacterial lesion, the pathology does not have an acute onset. Symptoms increase gradually. Immediately there is an itching in the throat, a slight perspiration, which smoothly turns into severe soreness. Body temperature rises slightly, but over time it turns into a fever. The tonsils and their surrounding tissues change gradually.
If no therapy was carried out at the initial stage, then acute catarrhal tonsillopharyngitis gradually turns into purulent. With this form, the patient's condition is quite severe. The pain is very strong, and signs of intoxication are also pronounced. During the inspection, it is noted that the tonsils are hyperemic and hypertrophied. Purulent blotches are noted on the tonsils throughout the mucosa.
Lymph nodes are quite enlarged and painful on palpation. If timely treatment is not carried out, dangerous complications can occur. In addition, there is a danger of transition to the chronic stage.
Acute tonsillopharyngitis in children (photo of the tonsils during the course of the disease, see above) manifests itself inthe form of severe symptoms. Among the main signs, it is necessary to highlight such as:
- reduced physical activity;
- increased tearfulness;
- loss of appetite;
- rashes on the body, conjunctivitis;
- fainting;
- breaking stool;
- deterioration of coordination of movements.
When the first signs of the course of the disease appear, you need to visit a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnostics
Acute tonsillopharyngitis according to ICD-10, again, is subdivided into tonsillitis and pharyngitis. When conducting a diagnosis, factors such as:
- patient complaints;
- survey results;
- history data;
- laboratory diagnostics.
Bacterial and viral forms of the disease are distinguished by a blood test. Lymphocytosis indicates the presence of a virus in the body, and an increased level of ESR indicates the microbial origin of the pathology. However, it should be noted that it is quite difficult to determine the cause of the disease. The symptoms of tonsillopharyngitis are not specific and can be attributed to absolutely any respiratory disease.
Bacteriological examination is required to prescribe drugs. In this case, the doctor takes biological material from the surface of the tonsils and pharynx to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to antibacterial or antiviral drugs. In advanced stages of the disease, additionalx-ray and cardiogram. Pregnant women are prescribed ultrasound and additional diagnostic methods at the discretion of the doctor.
Features of treatment
Treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis is often carried out in clinics using special equipment. Usually, specialists clean the tonsils of bacteria and infections, which helps to significantly reduce swelling. For such therapy, apply:
- deep ultrasound;
- throat and mouth irrigation;
- physiotherapeutic effect.
Ultrasonic sanitation of the lacunae of the tonsils is carried out with the subsequent removal of pus and plugs. For this, a special apparatus is used. Carrying out such a procedure helps to reduce inflammation in the throat, which leads to a decrease in swelling of the tonsils.
Physiotherapy treatment or laser therapy has an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. For irrigation of the throat, complex s alt compositions of minerals are used. They help to increase local immunity and have an anti-allergic effect.
All these techniques help to quickly and effectively get rid of the disease, but on the condition that there is no high temperature and weakness. To consolidate the result, immunostimulating drugs are prescribed.
In addition to this set of procedures, the doctor prescribes a diet, which implies the consumption of soft foods containing a large amount of vitamins. A prerequisite for the treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis in children is the removal of purulent plugs and washingtonsils. To do this, gargle with the use of various solutions. Doctors often prescribe "Rivanol", "Furacilin", "Gexoral".
It is also recommended to use lozenges. To get rid of severe soreness and fever, the doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs. In the absence of positive dynamics in the case of a running course of acute tonsillopharyngitis in a child, the removal of the tonsils may be prescribed.
Drug therapy
For the medical treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis, drugs such as:
- antibacterial;
- antiviral;
- immunostimulating;
- antipyretic;
- anti-inflammatory.
The drug "Bioparox" has proven itself well. This aerosol has an anti-inflammatory effect, effectively fights bacteria and fungi. It can be used by children from 2, 5 years old and adults, but it is strictly forbidden to use during pregnancy and during breastfeeding.
Complex preparation "Stopangin" helps to eliminate inflammation and bacteria. Additionally, this drug has an analgesic effect. It is available in the form of a solution for rinsing or spray. It is not recommended to use it in the first 3 months of pregnancy, as well as for the treatment of children under 8 years old.
The drug "Imudon" improves immunity, eliminates and prevents bacterial infections. However, it is worth remembering that this tool hasThere are many contraindications, so you can take it only with the permission of a doctor. Available in the form of lozenges.
Miramistin is a long-acting local antiseptic. It is allowed to be used by children from 3 years old, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding. All of these drugs are widely used to treat acute tonsillopharyngitis in adults. Medicines and dosage are prescribed only by the doctor after the examination and diagnosis. It is worth remembering that self-medication can be very dangerous and will do much more harm than good.
Folk remedies
In addition to drug therapy, you can use folk remedies that help eliminate inflammation in the throat and normalize well-being. Soda-s alt rinses have proven themselves well. To do this, dissolve 1 tsp in 1 glass of warm boiled water. s alt and soda, adding a few drops of iodine to the solution. Gargle 3 times a day.
Steam inhalations with decoctions of herbs and essential oils are also effective. For therapy, you can consume a mixture of vegetable juices. Mix 100 ml of beetroot and cucumber juice and add 300 ml of carrot juice. Drink 2 times a day.
Dry violet flowers fry in vegetable oil, transfer to gauze and make a compress. However, it should be borne in mind that such a procedure is prohibited during pregnancy.
To destroy the infection and strengthen the immune system, you can consume ginger tea. Cut ginger into pieces, add 2garlic cloves, lemon. Put all prepared components in a saucepan and pour 0.5 liters of water. Then cool the prepared product and add a little honey. The drink can be taken after each meal. This remedy is completely safe and has no contraindications.
For rinsing 2 tbsp. l. fenugreek seeds pour 0.5 liters of water and cook for 30 minutes. Strain the decoction and gargle 2 times a day. It is worth remembering that it is absolutely impossible to replace medications with traditional medicine, as this can only aggravate the patient's condition. Non-traditional techniques are used as adjunctive therapy.
Operating
A radical method of treatment is tonsillectomy. This operation involves the removal of the affected tonsils. The tonsils perform a kind of barrier function in the body, and also help maintain immunity. That is why such a radical method of treatment as surgery is prescribed by an otolaryngologist in the most extreme cases, if conservative methods have not brought the desired result.
After the removal of lymphoid formations, easier access is opened for the penetration of pathogens into the oropharynx. This leads to the development of frequent respiratory diseases, which exacerbates the course of tonsillopharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis.
Surgical methods of therapy also include lacunotomy, which is performed using radio wave methods. In some cases, laser vaporization of the tonsil parenchyma is prescribed. The main task of suchintervention is the normalization of the drainage function of the tonsils by expanding the gaps.
However, when applying such treatment methods, specialists should be aware of the possibility of complications. The result of such an intervention may be the activation of the cicatricial process, and the effect will be strictly opposite.
Possible Complications
In acute tonsillopharyngitis, clinical recommendations imply strict adherence to all doctor's prescriptions, adherence to bed rest, as well as proper, balanced nutrition. In case of non-compliance with all these conditions, various kinds of complications may develop, in particular such as:
- endocarditis;
- laryngitis;
- tracheitis;
- neck phlegmon;
- meningitis;
- fasciitis
All these complications do not appear too often. Basically, they are accompanied by multiorgan failure, which can lead to the death of the patient. Purulent complications are considered less dangerous, in particular, such as acute glomuronephritis or rheumatic fever.
To avoid complications, you need to consult a doctor at the first signs of the course of the disease for diagnosis and treatment.
Disease prognosis
The prognosis of the course of the disease largely depends on the timely visit to the doctor, the diagnosis, the appointment of treatment, as well as the implementation of all recommendations and prescriptions. If all these conditions are met, the forecast is favorable.
If the infection is not eliminated in a timely manner, thenthe disease becomes chronic. Against this background, irreversible processes are launched in the body, which are almost impossible to get rid of.
Prophylaxis
To prevent the occurrence of the disease, it is very important to follow certain preventive measures. Doctors recommend avoiding certain negative factors in every possible way, in particular such as:
- tobacco smoke;
- dry air;
- exhaust gases;
- dust;
- strong spirits.
It is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner and treat diseases of the nose, teeth, gums, especially if they are infectious. It is necessary to monitor the normal functioning of the digestive system. Recommended for this:
- following a sparing diet;
- fractional food;
- consumption of high fiber foods;
- minimize spicy, fried and s alty foods.
Doctors also recommend leading a he althy lifestyle, taking walks in the fresh air, playing sports. At home, you need to maintain cleanliness and monitor the humidity of the air. It is very important to take care of your he alth and take time to rest and sleep well.
Tonsillopharyngitis is a dangerous disease, which is why it is important to diagnose and treat it in time to prevent the development of complications.
