In life, each person is forced to face various ailments. Sometimes people do not pay attention to a slight deterioration in their he alth. However, there are many diseases that may not manifest as actively.
Chronic tonsillopharyngitis is a rather serious pathology, during which the palatine tonsils are affected. The disease does not go unnoticed, so when you find the first unpleasant signs, you should immediately contact a specialist. If the treatment is done in a timely manner, then there is every chance that the person will be able to fully recover.
About pathology
Tonsillitis, which is often called angina, is a consequence of inflammation of the tonsils of the palatine zone. As a rule, this occurs against the background of the activity of harmful bacteria that enter the human body. This pathology is accompanied by increased body temperature, pain not only in the throat, but also in the muscles and joints.
If inflammation is diagnosedmucous membranes in an acute form, then in this case we are talking about pharyngitis. It is most often caused by viruses. Sometimes a bacterial infection occurs.
However, very often, in addition to inflammation of the tonsils, an inflammatory process is observed, which is localized on the back walls of the pharynx. Sometimes this is caused by the fact that the tonsils are anatomically too close to the pharynx itself. In some cases, the problem lies in the special structure of the tissues. Therefore, today in medical practice, chronic tonsillopharyngitis is increasingly common, the symptoms and treatment of which have their own characteristics.
Causes of pathology
More than 70% of tonsillopharyngitis occurs against the background of the penetration of viruses. As a rule, the most common pathogen is SARS, but the possibility of pathology due to herpes simplex is not excluded. Also, the disease can provoke rubella, measles and Epstein-Bar. In all other cases, tonsillopharyngitis is caused by bacterial pathogens. These include group A streptococci. Less often, doctors diagnose a pathology that appeared against the background of bacteria that cause syphilis, whooping cough, gonorrhea, and others.
If we talk about chronic tonsillopharyngitis in adults and children, then up to the age of three, babies suffer from viral diseases. As you grow older, the likelihood of a bacterial form of the lesion increases.
It is also worth considering the main factors that lead to the development of pathology and inflammatory processes. Chronic tonsillopharyngitis canappear in background:
- Immunodeficiency. Most often, this happens due to pathologies occurring in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Violations of the functions of some internal organs. As a rule, those who suffer from heart, lung or kidney failure are at the greatest risk of developing the disease.
- Endocrine disorders. Therefore, those who suffer from diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism should be most careful about their he alth.
- Lack of vitamins A and C. Problems can also arise due to mineral metabolism disorders.
- Severe diseases of the somatic type.
- Bad environmental situation.
- Failure to follow standard hygiene guidelines.
- Bad habits (smoking, abuse of strong drinks).
Symptomatics
If we talk about the manifestations of chronic tonsillopharyngitis, then the pathology can manifest itself in different ways. However, first of all, you should pay attention to the appearance of perspiration in the throat. If discomfort does not disappear after a few days, then it is worth visiting a doctor.
Also, the symptoms of chronic tonsillopharyngitis include severe pain in the throat, the appearance of swelling in the nasopharynx area. Also, do not turn a blind eye to the appearance of constant weakness and sweating performance. An increase in temperature does not always appear.
If a patient exacerbates chronic tonsillopharyngitis, then there is a risk that purulent plugs form in the throat and a strongdiscomfort in the tonsils. Patients notice an unpleasant "flavor" from the mouth. After drinking and eating, the pain is exacerbated.
If we talk about additional symptoms of chronic tonsillopharyngitis during pregnancy, then in this situation, patients experience severe pain and aches in the area of the knee and wrist canals. You may experience shortness of breath and a slight fever that may last up to one week.
The course of the disease in adults and children is no different. If timely treatment is not carried out, especially during the period of bearing a baby, then this pathology is fraught with serious complications. In the most severe cases, even surgery may be required.
How is the disease transmitted?
There are several options for how pathology can be acquired. There is an exogenous and endogenous mode of transmission of the disease. The airborne method belongs to the exogenous group. In this case, we are talking about the fact that tonsillopharyngitis bacteria are transmitted by inhalation of contaminated air. Contact infection also belongs to this group of microbial transmission. For example, if a patient touches a household item and after that a he althy person touches them, then he has every chance of getting an unpleasant ailment. There is also a small possibility that the specialist used improperly processed medical equipment that was used for diagnostic procedures or treatment.
If we are talking about the endogenous route of infection, then in this case we are talking about the fact thatbacteria and harmful viruses spread throughout the human body through lymph and blood, as well as cerebrospinal fluid.
Chronic tonsillopharyngitis may well develop due to the fact that a person has not treated pathologies occurring in the nasopharynx for a long time, with diseases of the auditory analyzer, and even if the patient is irresponsible about the treatment of advanced caries. The virus can also pass from another organ that is located nearby.
It is worth noting that after the virus enters the human body, tonsillopharyngitis does not begin to appear immediately. First, the immune system weakens. Other factors can also accelerate the development of pathology.
Classification of pathology
The method of treating chronic tonsillopharyngitis depends on the phase of the pathology. In medical practice, there is not only a chronic, but also an acute form of the disease. In addition, pathology can be primary or secondary. The first category includes an ailment that develops as an independent process. This is often seen in children. If the first manifestations of the disease appeared too late, then in this case the pathology can lead to more serious complications.
If we are talking about a secondary form of the disease, then in this case, the inflammatory processes of the pharynx appear as a result of infectious diseases. Also, tonsillopharyngitis can be mild, with or without complications.
Diagnosis
First of all, you should understand that you should not self-medicate and diagnose via the Internet. Evenif a person has carefully studied all the manifestations of chronic tonsillopharyngitis, photos of sick patients and other features, then he still cannot accurately determine the form of the disease and its stage. Therefore, it is better to consult a specialist.
First of all, the doctor conducts a survey and asks the patient for a complete liver of the symptoms that torment him. It is also necessary to pass a test for hyperemia and the appearance of swelling of the mucous membrane or palatine arches.
It is also worth examining the patient's throat. If there is a plaque on it, then it must be analyzed by a specialist. In addition, pinpoint hemorrhages may appear on the mucosa. The doctor tries to remove an unpleasant plaque with a spatula and carefully examines its consistency. The state of the arch, uvula and pharyngeal walls is also assessed.
In addition, bacteriological examination of swabs from the throat, as well as tonsils, may be required. The flora of the nasopharynx is checked. The doctor conducts sensitivity tests to certain antibacterial agents.
You also need to donate blood for a general analysis. If the level of leukocytes is elevated, then this confirms the presence of inflammatory processes in the patient's body.
Hospitalization
If chronic tonsillopharyngitis is diagnosed in adults without fever and other complications, then, as a rule, you can limit yourself to medications and use traditional medicine recipes as an additional therapy. Children are also more likely to receive treatment at home.
Hospitalization maybe required if the patient suffers from severe intoxication, abscesses, phlegmon formations on the neck, development of mediastinitis.
Standard treatment of tonsillopharyngitis
As a rule, in this case, complex type therapy is required. First of all, it is important to identify the etiology of pathology. Based on diagnostic studies, the doctor selects the necessary drugs of the etiotropic type. It is important to stop the reproduction and growth of bacteria in a timely manner. As a rule, several types of drugs are used to stop the disease:
- Penicillins. These funds are considered the least toxic, so they can be taken by children and pregnant women. Means of this type include Oxacillin, Ampicillin and others.
- Macrolides. Most often, doctors prefer Erythromycin and Azithromycin.
- Cephalosporins. Means of this type are most effective in dealing with meningococci and streptococci.
Treatment of chronic tonsillopharyngitis may also include antibiotic therapy. This is necessary in order to prevent possible complications that will affect the functioning of the cardiovascular system and the musculoskeletal system. Antibiotics also help to get rid of the pathology in its early stages.
Chronic tonsillopharyngitis: treatment with folk remedies
In some situations, it is possible to stop the development of the disease in children and adults with the help of traditional medicine. The most effective method in this case is the use of inhalation. However, it should be taken into account thatsuch manipulations should not be performed if the patient suffers from a fever.
As a rule, the most effective are not the usual inhalations using table soda and potatoes, but other recipes. For example, you should use dry chamomile flowers. To prepare a medicinal solution, pour a handful of herbs with water and boil. At this time, you need to mix half a glass of vodka and a few tablespoons of natural honey. When the chamomile flowers come to a boil, the liquids are mixed and heated slightly over low heat. The patient must breathe over the resulting composition, covering his head with a towel, for at least 20 minutes. The course of treatment is usually no more than 4 days. However, care must be taken not to inhale the hot steam too actively, so as not to burn the mucous membranes. Since alcohol is present in this recipe, such treatment is recommended only for adults. If we are talking about a child, then you can prepare a different composition.
Treatment of a child with folk remedies
In this case, it is worth using several recipes. For example, you can mix 4 tablespoons of marshmallow root and one spoon of sweet clover, calendula and chamomile. It is also worth adding about 10 g of thyme and St. John's wort to the mixture. The resulting collection is poured with a glass of boiling water and insist it for about 20 minutes. After that, the liquid is filtered and used for gargling. Children are recommended to perform procedures twice a day.
Also, calendula flowers and chamomile will help to cope with an unpleasant ailment. Needs to be mixed2 spoons of each herb and add about 20g of eucalyptus leaves. The composition is poured with 400 ml of water, boiled and infused for 30 minutes. After that, the liquid must be filtered and used to treat the affected tonsils.
For the treatment of a chronic form of pathology, you can use dried sage (about 4 tablespoons), to which 4 chopped garlic cloves are added. The resulting composition is poured with a liter of water. The liquid is infused for at least two hours, after which it is kept on low heat for about 15 minutes. At the next stage, the composition is cooled and filtered. The finished medicine should be drunk ¼ cup several times a day.
However, it should be borne in mind that in the advanced stage of the pathology, self-treatment may be ineffective. Therefore, it is worth visiting a doctor first. This is especially true in situations where problems are observed in a child. Sometimes it's better to play it safe and take a course of medication, even when it comes to antibiotics and other stronger remedies.
