A runny nose is one of the most unpleasant phenomena that every person has encountered. Many people think that this disease should not be given much attention. But, as practice shows, without timely treatment, a runny nose can go into a chronic stage and provoke serious complications, one of which is subatrophic rhinitis.
Definition
Subatrophic rhinitis (ICD code 10 J31.0) is one of the most common diseases for which an otolaryngologist is consulted. Pathology occurs when cellular nutrition is disturbed in the nasal mucosa. Subatrophic rhinitis is manifested by excessive dryness in the nose and the formation of crusts, which in advanced cases, when removed, can provoke bleeding. A disease without timely treatment can lead to the development of complications.
Photo of subatrophic rhinitis is presented below.
Classification
Subatrophic rhinitis can take the following forms:
- Dry. It is characterized by a feeling of dryness not only in the nose, but also in the nasopharynx.
- Front. When inhaling, there is a feeling of the presence of a foreign object in the nose.
- Spicy. It develops against the background of other diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Medical treatment required.
- Chronic. It is the advanced stage of the acute form. Some cells may be replaced by connective tissue.
Causes of occurrence
The causes of subatrophic rhinitis are quite common and can be both external and internal. Consider the most common of them:
- Low humidity in the room where the patient works or lives.
- Staying in dusty rooms.
- Violation of safety rules in hazardous industries.
- Living close to industrial facilities.
- Long-term residence in an area with a dry hot climate.
- Smoking, including passive smoking.
- Injuries to the nose.
- Long-term use of vasoconstrictor drugs.
- Anemia.
- Plastic surgery and other surgical interventions.
- Avitaminosis.
- Hormonal failures.
- Viral infections.
- Bacterial infections.
- Sometimes the development of pathology can provoke diseases of the central nervous system.
- Allergic reactions.
- Decreased immunity.
- Immunodeficiency states.
With prolonged exposure to provoking factors and the lack of adequate treatment, chronic subatrophic rhinitis (ICD 10 J31.0) may develop.
Clinical picture
Symptoms of subatrophic rhinitis are in many ways similar to those of the common cold, but have some peculiarities. Consider them in more detail:
- First of all, there is a feeling of discomfort in the nose.
- Burning or tingling in the nasal passages.
- Scabs in the nose.
- Drying of the nasal mucosa.
- Disorders of smell.
- Frequent sneezing.
- Difficulty breathing.
- Presence of viscous, difficult to separate mucus.
- Sometimes nosebleeds can occur when the crusts are damaged.
Signs may also appear, such as:
- Headache.
- Muscle weakness.
- Snoring.
- Loss of appetite.
- General malaise.
At elevated temperatures, as well as hypothermia, symptoms may increase.
ICD 10 code J31.0 for subatrophic rhinitis. Its difference from other types of rhinitis is the absence of copious discharge from the nasal passages.
Diagnosis
Establishing an accurate diagnosis will identify the cause of rhinitis and prescribe the most effective treatment. The following are used as diagnostic measures:
- Collecting an anamnesis. Often it is enough to identify the provoking factor.
- Blood and urine tests.
- Anterior and posterior rhinoscopy of the nose. The examination is carried out by an ENT doctor using a forehead reflector and special mirrors that allow you to expand the sinuses.
- Sinus endoscopy.
- Flushing from the nasal mucosa. When carrying out this procedure, using microscopic examination, it is possible to reveal the cellular composition of the mucus. With subatrophic rhinitis, the predominance of neutrophils, eosinophils and dead epithelial cells will be revealed. With the advanced stage of the disease and the accession of pathogenic flora using this diagnostic method, it is possible to identify the pathogen.
Sometimes, the following procedures are used as additional measures:
- Bacteria of mucus in the presence of purulent secretion (to determine sensitivity to antibiotics).
- Biochemical blood test.
- X-ray of the nasal cavity, if the disease is accompanied by complications and there is a risk of involvement of neighboring organs in the pathological process.
- Tomography.
- Rhinopneumometry.
Treatment
The treatment plan for subatrophic rhinitis is prescribed by the doctor on an individual basis after receiving the results of all prescribed tests. First of all, therapy is aimed at restoring the nasal mucosa and eliminating the provoking factor. For the best effect, complex treatment is prescribed, which includes not only drugs, but also restorative procedures. ATIn some cases, surgery may be indicated. With subatrophic rhinitis, symptoms and treatment will be interrelated. Let's take a closer look.
Conservative treatment
Drug therapy includes the following categories of drugs:
- Immunomodulators.
- Vitamin and mineral complexes, including iodine, iron, magnesium and calcium, which restore blood circulation and strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Used in courses with a short break.
- Saline solutions for cleansing the nose from crusts and mucus. Washing should be done every 2 hours. The procedure prevents stagnant processes and prevents the spread of infections. Drugs such as Aqualor, No-S alt and others can be used.
- Drops: "Otrivin", "Nazivin".
- Ointments and creams for moisturizing the nasal mucosa. You can use "Oxolinic ointment", rosehip oil or sea buckthorn. They not only soften the mucous membrane, but also participate in tissue regeneration, nourish and protect against the influence of pathogenic bacteria. You can also use iodine-glycerin or furatsilin ointment, "Pinosol" and "Vinilin".
- Metabolic drugs. For example, "Cocarboxylase".
- If bakposev revealed the presence of pathogenic flora, antibacterial drugs are prescribed.
- Antioxidants. This category of medicines improves the condition of the walls of blood vessels, has a positive effect both on the tissues of the nasal cavity, as well as on the whole body inoverall.
In addition to the above, the following recommendations are very important:
- Perform breathing exercises.
- Keep a he althy lifestyle.
- Eat right.
- Strengthen immunity.
- Use protective equipment in hazardous industries.
- Do sports.
- No allergens.
- The predominance of protein foods in the diet.
- Timely treatment of the common cold.
The following treatments may also be prescribed:
- Inhalations.
- Mud treatment.
- Irrigation with alkaline solutions.
- Heat compresses.
- Inductothermy.
- Reflexology. For example, mustard plasters for the calf muscles.
Surgical treatment method
In especially advanced cases or in the absence of the effect of conservative therapy, a situation may occur in which the sinuses reach their maximum expansion. This provokes a pathological change in bone tissue. In this case, surgical intervention is required, during which implants are inserted into the patient's sinuses. This will allow the sinuses to return to normal size.
Folk recipes
Traditional medicine recipes have proven themselves as an adjunct in the treatment of subatrophic rhinitis. Healing plants can be used in the form of infusions, decoctions, inhalations. Consider the most common of them:
- Aloe. The sap of the plant is instilled intonasal passages. Can be used even in the chronic stage of the disease.
- Propolis. Helps to restore breathing, relieves inflammation and improves the thinning and secretion of mucus. To do this, an aqueous solution of propolis is mixed with corn oil in a ratio of 1: 1 and the nasal passages are instilled.
- Beet juice. They are instilled into the nose twice a day, 5 drops each.
- Apricot kernel and peach oil. They must be heated to 40°C before use.
- Infusion of plantain and St. John's wort. They are advised to instill 3 drops in their nose several times a day.
- Decoction of echinacea, which are recommended to be consumed 2 times a day to strengthen immunity.
Rinse your nose with sea s alt solution has also worked well.
If a severe burning sensation in the nose or sneezing begins after using an oil or ointment, then this treatment is unlikely to bring results. It is recommended to consult a doctor for advice.
It is important to remember that the use of traditional medicine should be under the supervision of a doctor and in the absence of allergies. The selection of herbs is carried out strictly on an individual basis.
To avoid the transition of the disease into chronic subatrophic rhinitis, such treatment should be used in combination with other methods.
Complications
Despite the fact that subatrophic rhinitis is not considered a dangerous pathology, without proper treatment and exclusion of a provoking factor, a complication such as thinning of the nasal mucosa can develop. In this case, the inflammatory process can also affect deeper tissues, up tobone. This creates a favorable environment for the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms, which provokes the development of a secondary disease that can affect the respiratory tract, and in some cases lead to pneumonia. Atrophic changes in the nasopharynx are also possible.
The presence of pathogenic flora can lead to the development of otitis, sinusitis or sinusitis. This is due to the fact that the thinned nasal mucosa in subatrophic rhinitis is not able to create a barrier to pathogenic bacteria.
Prevention
In order to reduce the risk of subatrophic rhinitis, the following recommendations should be followed:
- Systematically take a course of vitamin therapy.
- Strengthen immunity.
- Do moderate exercise.
- Observe daily routine.
- Eat right.
- Use protection in hazardous industries.
- Humidify indoor air as needed.
- Regularly ventilate the apartment and carry out wet cleaning.
- Timely and completely treat a runny nose.
- Prevent hypothermia.
- Treat diseases without allowing them to become chronic.
- Do not self-medicate and follow all the recommendations of your doctor.
Forecast and conclusion
With timely treatment of subatrophic rhinitis, the prognosis is positive in most cases. Properly selected therapy will allow curing this disease in a short time and restoring the nasal mucosa to normal.states. But it is worth remembering that ignoring the emerging signs can lead to quite serious complications and provoke the development of a secondary infection and serious illness. Therefore, when the first symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe an effective therapy that allows you to quickly get rid of the disease.
