Many patients are interested in the question of what JVP means in the diagnosis and how exactly this meaning is deciphered. Dyskinesia is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of which bile does not enter the duodenum correctly, as a result of which the digestion process is disturbed. Patients suspected of having dyskinesia complain of nausea, bad taste in the mouth, vomiting, and pain in the right side.
The reasons why such a pathology occurs can be organic and functional. For treatment, it is important to accurately determine the provoking factor, as this will avoid complications.
Main types of disease
It is important to understand exactly what the decoding of the diagnosis of JVP means and how exactly such a pathology manifests itself. Biliary dyskinesia is biliary dyskinesia. According to the classification, it can be primary and secondary and subdivided according to the nature of the provocative cause and the time of development.
The primary type of JVP arises onagainst the background of existing anomalies in the development of the bile ducts. The disease can develop independently or under the influence of external factors. With the independent occurrence of a congenital form of pathology, its manifestations are observed from early childhood. However, in some cases, there may be an asymptomatic course for some time, and symptoms occur only when exposed to certain provoking factors.
Secondary dyskinesias occur as a result of the presence of diseases of the digestive system. Taking into account the peculiarities of muscle contraction of the affected organ, the disease can be:
- hyperkinetic;
- hypokinetic;
- mixed.
Hyperkinetic dyskinesia is characterized by a significant amount of accumulated bile that is released into the duodenum. The reason for its occurrence is too active contraction of the walls of the affected organ. Often this disorder occurs in young patients.
Hypotonic JVP is characterized by the fact that the gallbladder does not function well enough, while little bile enters the digestive organs. Basically, such a violation is observed in people over 40 years old. In addition, quite often such a pathology occurs in those who are prone to neurosis.
Mixed disease has features of both of these forms of the disease. One of the organs of the biliary system work very actively, while others are sluggish. Uncoordinated functioning of organs leads to various kinds of disorders.
Features of the disease in children
Parents are interested, when faced with the diagnosis of JVP for the first time in a child, what it is and how such a disease manifests itself. Dyskinesia mostly occurs in children older than 3 years. They are characterized by the course of hypermotor and mixed type. In some cases, there is hypomotor.
Dyskinesia is the most common pathology of the hepatobiliary system in children. The causes and main mechanisms of its occurrence in a child are practically no different from those in an adult. In some cases, the appearance of pathology is due to the active growth of the bone and muscle systems and is temporary. However, serious violations of the digestive system can become a provoking factor.
Doctors distinguish between organic and functional dyskinesia. Organic suggests the presence of various kinds of congenital abnormalities in the development of the bile ducts, chronic allergies, systematically malnutrition, and excessive nervous excitability. The disease of this etiology occurs in approximately 10-15% of all cases.
Functional dyskinesia is caused by the course of comorbidities and happens much more often. In this case, the child has a history of gastrointestinal diseases, viral and bacterial infections, disorders of the nervous system, and helminthic invasions. Particular attention should be paid to the hereditary factor, as well as the presence of endocrine diseases.
Dyskinesia in children often manifests itself in the form of atopic dermatitis and symptoms of dysbacteriosis, which should be eliminatedtraditional methods are not possible. With the development of JVP in children, symptoms from the nervous system often appear. The child at the same time becomes capricious, whiny, gets tired very quickly. Schoolchildren have a sharp decline in performance. Also, with JVP, children may experience increased sweating, heart palpitations and other symptoms.
When carrying out treatment, proper nutrition of the child is important both during the period of exacerbation and during remission. Dispensary observation of children with dyskinesia is carried out within 3 years from the time of the last exacerbation. To prevent the occurrence of such a pathology, it is imperative to monitor the child's diet, to prevent overeating. You also need to protect him from negative stressful situations and eliminate various kinds of violations in time.
Causes of occurrence
When diagnosing JVP, what it is and what causes this pathology, absolutely every patient must know, as this will allow you to get rid of the disease much faster and more efficiently. Primary dyskinesia appears under the influence of a variety of negative factors in the altered biliary tract. Among the main causes of this disease, the following should be highlighted:
- acute or chronic stress;
- abuse of fatty foods;
- allergies;
- taking certain medications;
- lack of weight.
Secondary JVP in adults is formed against the background of existingpathologies and diseases in humans, significantly complicating their course. Among the main diseases, the following should be distinguished:
- cholecystitis;
- hepatitis;
- gastritis;
- ulcer;
- pyelonephritis.
Also, various kinds of infectious processes, the presence of parasites or worms in the body, endocrine disorders can also provoke the onset of the disease. Of great importance is the presence of congenital pathologies of the gallbladder. Knowing what the diagnosis of JVP is, how the disease manifests itself and how to treat it correctly, you can quickly normalize your he alth and prevent complications.
Psychosomatic factor
The psychosomatic factor can provoke the development of various kinds of diseases, including JVP. In this case, during the medical examination, no organic or physical causes that could provoke the disease are determined. Psychosomatics is based on the definition of emotional manifestations that affect the course of pathology. Among people suffering from JVP, developed under the influence of psychosomatic factors, it is necessary to highlight:
- touchy;
- conflict;
- evil;
- greedy people.
In addition, individuals prone to self-sacrifice may suffer from a similar problem. Treatment implies the use of psychotherapeutic methods, a revision of one's life principles and positions. It also requires a lifestyle change. According to the principle of psychosomatics, most diseases are inherited.
People alsoit is recommended to learn to forgive, keep anger and irritability under control. A child suffering from psychosomatic disorders is distinguished by the strict fulfillment of all given promises, punctuality, conscientiousness. Such children are distinguished by great vulnerability and suspicion, especially towards everything new and unusual. They are often withdrawn and prone to self-blame.
Main symptoms
When diagnosing JVP, what it is and how exactly this condition manifests itself is very important for all patients to know. With dyskinesia, the symptoms may vary somewhat, as some patients may experience a range of symptoms, while others may experience only a part of them. Regardless of the type of this pathology, the signs characteristic of this disease manifest themselves to varying degrees.
The only difference between the hypermotor type and the hypomotor type will be the presence of certain, rather characteristic sensations. Regardless of the type of disease, it is characterized by the presence of pain, dyspeptic and cholestatic syndrome. Aching pain in the right side is present almost constantly and subsides a little at night. It can increase significantly after eating. With the course of the hypertensive type of the disease, the pain syndrome is quite intense.
In a stressful situation or after even minor physical exertion, the pain lasts for an hour. Between attacks, a person may complain of a feeling of constant discomfort in the right side. At the same time, the general state of he alth of the patient is quite normal. The severity of pain varies slightly depending on the formdyskinesia.
Cholestatic syndrome is mainly detected in patients whose bile enters the duodenum in a minimal amount. An exacerbation of the disease can be distinguished by the following signs:
- feces and urine become darker than usual;
- the skin and sclera of the eyes become yellowish;
- liver slightly enlarged;
- severe itching appears.
Cholestatic syndrome is determined in almost half of patients suffering from dyskinesia. Dyspeptic syndrome manifests itself in the form of a violation of the digestive process due to an excessive or insufficient amount of bile entering the intestine. In this case, the following signs are observed:
- loss of appetite;
- bloating;
- nausea and vomiting;
- unpleasant belching after eating;
- plaque on the tongue;
- constipation;
- dry mouth.
Bitterness in the mouth is often felt immediately after sleep or some time after eating, and may be present all the time. Nausea and vomiting are necessarily provoked by something, and often this symptom appears after eating fatty foods, when overeating. With dyskinesia, vomiting of undigested food mixed with bitter bile mainly occurs at the very peak of pain.
Asthenovegetative syndrome is a course of irreversible changes in the nervous regulation of the functioning of organs. In this case, dyskinesia has the following manifestations:
- violationsleep;
- fatigue;
- irritability;
- excessive sweating;
- headache;
- lower pressure.
Before treatment, it is imperative to know what a diagnosis of JVP is in an adult and why pain occurs. With a hypertensive pathology, acute pain occurs in the right hypochondrium, radiates to the right side of the back, shoulder blade, collarbone, arm. Sometimes a pain attack is also felt in the area of \u200b\u200bthe stomach, as well as the heart. In this case, many confuse it with an angina attack. Intense pain lasts about 20 minutes and may even recur several times a day. Diet errors, strong psycho-emotional and physical exertion can provoke pain. After that, a feeling of heaviness appears.
Painful sensations can also be on the background of periodic nausea and vomiting, which do not bring relief to a person. When carrying out palpation of the abdomen, the pain only intensifies.
Signs of JVP of the hypotonic type are due to the fact that the painful sensations are sufficiently lubricated. Basically they are localized in the right side. It is impossible to pinpoint exactly the area where the attack is felt, since the discomfort spreads to the entire right side. The pain also radiates to the shoulder blade and back. It is dull, bursting in nature and lasts a long time. With JVP of the hypotonic type, increased pain occurs after the consumption of fatty foods.
The mixed form of the disease is characterized by prolonged soreness. The pain is combined with a feeling of heaviness. Besides,there may be indirect signs of JVP, which manifest themselves in the form of dry mouth, and constipation is also possible. Characteristic symptoms may include mood swings, constant irritability, and increased fatigue.
Indirect signs of a mixed type of JVP may be characterized by the fact that the tongue is enlarged and you can even see clear impressions of teeth on it.
Which doctor to contact
The attending doctor will be able to explain what kind of diagnosis it is - JVP. If there are characteristic signs of pathology, you need to contact a gastroenterologist. Additionally, you may need to consult a surgeon, psychotherapist, infectious disease specialist, nutritionist. They prescribe a comprehensive study that will determine the features of the course of the pathology.
Diagnostics
Many patients are interested in the question of what is the medical term and diagnosis of JVP. Accounting for this disease is carried out in relation to all people suffering from the pathology of the gallbladder and its ducts. To make a diagnosis, you will need:
- gathering anamnesis;
- physical examination;
- laboratory;
- instrumental diagnostics.
Initially, the doctor collects complaints to clarify exactly when the pain and heaviness in the abdomen appeared and what is the reason for their occurrence. A study of the patient's history is also required. It is worth knowing if there are chronic or hereditary diseases, as well as bad habits in a person. Then the doctor conducts a physical examination, which determines the normal color of the skincovers or their yellowness. Pain is assessed on palpation. Tapping determines the size of the spleen and liver.
Lab tests include:
- blood test;
- urine;
- lipidogram;
- fecal examination;
- markers of viral hepatitis.
Complete blood count may not detect any abnormalities. In the presence of inflammation, leukocytosis appears. A biochemical blood test will help determine the level of creatinine, uric acid, and electrolytes.
Lipidogram allows you to identify violations of lipid parameters. The study of feces is carried out to identify helminths. After that, the doctor prescribes an instrumental examination. When conducting ultrasound diagnostics, it is possible to make a diagnosis of JVP and hepatoriamia, to determine the size and shape of the affected organ. Duodenal examination helps to identify signs of inflammation and the presence of stones.
Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy involves the study of the state of the surface of the stomach, esophagus and duodenum 12 using an endoscope. A similar study is required if you suspect the presence of diseases of these organs and dyskinesia. Cholecystography helps to determine the shape and size of the affected organ, as well as the presence of anomalies in its development. All these techniques will allow you to accurately diagnose the gallbladder GAD and prescribe subsequent treatment.
Feature of treatment
If you have been diagnosed with JVP, what is it and how is it carried out correctlytreatment of such a pathology, the attending doctor should explain how to prescribe therapy after the examination. The treatment is complex and it is aimed at improving the natural outflow of bile in order to prevent its stagnation. Therapy means:
- compliance with the regime of work and rest;
- consumption of mineral water;
- diet;
- taking choleretic drugs;
- massage and acupuncture;
- taking sedative medications;
- physiotherapy treatments;
- sanatorium treatment.
After diagnosing JVP, treatment should be started immediately, as this will prevent the development of complications. It will take approximately 4 weeks for the main signs of the course of the disease to disappear.
As an additional method of therapy, you can use folk remedies. They can be used for a long time, repeating treatment courses if necessary. Drugs are selected depending on the type of disease.
In case of hypertonic pathology, you need to drink mineral water. As herbal medicine, infusions of chamomile, valerian, mint are used. With a hypotonic type, the doctor prescribes medications, mineral water with a high degree of mineralization. You can also use traditional medicine anti-inflammatory and sedative.
Drug therapy
When JVP is diagnosed, what it is and how to treat the disease, a specialist can tell. Selecting drug therapyonly a doctor. If the diet for any type of course of the disease is not particularly different, then the treatment has its own specific differences.
Anspasmodics are used in the treatment of only hypermotor form of dyskinesia. They help reduce the tone of the biliary tract, relax the sphincters, and also prevent the outflow of bile. Often, drugs are prescribed, the main active ingredient of which will be drotaverine. For mild attacks, "Papaverine" may be prescribed.
Cholagogues are used for dyskinesia, but if there is concomitant cholelithiasis, they are contraindicated. These drugs several times increase the tone of the gallbladder and lower it at the ducts. The drug should be prescribed only by the attending doctor, since this group of drugs is very large, and they contain various active ingredients.
With hypertensive type of dyskinesia, Gepabene is mainly prescribed, which contains milk thistle extract. In the case of a hypotonic form of the disease, "Hofitol" is prescribed. It contains artichoke extract. Both of these drugs are choleretic, but they affect the body in different ways.
The nervous system has a special influence on the regulation of gallbladder motility. That is why the composition of complex therapy necessarily includes tonic or relaxing agents. With the course of hypertensive dyskinesia, sedative preparations of plant origin are prescribed, as well as drugs that inhibit the processes of overexcitation of the nervous system.systems. The hypotonic type of the disease requires the use of tonics.
Diet and mineral waters
Diet with JVP implies frequent and fractional meals. In the usual diet, there must be foods that help remove fat from the liver - fruits and vegetables. It is necessary to limit the consumption of fatty fish, meat, eggs, animal fats. Completely eliminate from the diet foods such as:
- fried and spicy dishes;
- carbonated and cold drinks;
- legumes;
- liquor;
- onions and garlic.
Such food can provoke a strong spasm of the biliary tract. It is important to consume food always warm and fresh. Products need to be baked or boiled. S alt is okay, but during a flare-up, s alt is limited.
Dinner should be very light and no later than 2-3 hours before bedtime. With exacerbation of diseases of the liver and gall, which are accompanied by gastritis, all dishes should be consumed grated, and fresh vegetables and fruits, black bread are also excluded.
During remission, the diet becomes less strict, but in any case, it is not recommended to abuse fatty and fried foods. With dyskinesia, you need to stick to a diet throughout your life.
Treatment of JVP with mineral waters is carried out only in the period of remission. In the presence of diseases of the liver and biliary tract, hydrocarbonate and sulfate waters are used. Before starting treatment, you need to carefully study the composition and properties of mineral water, sohow each of them affects the digestive organs, so there may be some side effects.
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapeutic treatment also has a good effect, which must be used in combination with other methods. In particular, diadynometry is used, which implies a therapeutic effect on the region of the right hypochondrium with an electric current of various frequencies. Electrophoresis is also used, which implies the effect on the body of a direct electric current and drugs introduced with it into the liver area.
Acupuncture or acupuncture is a treatment technique in which the impact on the body is carried out by introducing special needles into specific points on the body. Massage, especially acupressure, has a good therapeutic effect. That is, by influencing certain places on the body, the gallbladder is affected. Many experts recommend hirudotherapy, that is, treatment with leeches with an effect on biologically active points - projections of the nerve endings of the corresponding organs.
Possible Complications
It is important not only to understand what kind of diagnosis is JVP, but also what complications of the disease can be in case of incorrect or untimely treatment. Among the main violations, it is necessary to highlight such as:
- chronic cholecystitis;
- cholangitis;
- gallstone disease;
- gastritis;
- chronic pancreatitis;
- duodenitis.
Atopic dermatitis may also occur, whichdevelops as a result of impaired absorption of digested food and the release of toxic substances due to inadequate flow of bile into the intestine. When dyskinesia occurs, a person can lose weight dramatically, as nutrient absorption is impaired.
Forecast
Exact adherence to all the prescriptions of the attending doctor and the desire to recover will contribute to the fact that literally after a few weeks of treatment, dyskinesia will no longer bother a person. The success of the therapy largely depends on the normalization of the mode of work and rest, stress resistance, and a balanced diet. Modern techniques and the use of the latest drugs give very good results and allow you to return to a normal lifestyle very quickly.
Prophylaxis
Preventive measures are very important, as they help prevent the development of the disease. Primary prevention of dyskinesia is:
- observance of the regime of work and rest;
- good nutrition;
- exclusion of stressful situations;
- timely treatment of neuroses.
A full night's sleep should be at least 8 hours and departure to it - no later than 23 hours. It is important to alternate physical and mental stress, which is why when working at a computer, you need to periodically take a break to perform several gymnastic exercises, as well as take walks in the fresh air.
Food should be complete, it is important to limit the consumption of fatty, smoked, fried, s altyfood. It is recommended to consume as many fresh vegetables and fruits as possible.
Secondary prevention is done in case of dyskinesia. It consists in the earliest detection of the pathological process, for example, with regular preventive examinations. This will allow timely treatment and avoid negative consequences.
