Modern dentists study the structure of teeth, methods of their treatment. In their competence and the deliverance of mankind from diseases of the oral cavity. Prevention of diseases - under the auspices of therapists. Narrow specialization allows you to provide a better service to the patient. And we will talk in our article about such a phenomenon as dental disease. We will also look at the most common oral ailments, their symptoms and preventive measures.
The most common dental diseases
Hard tissues are subject to ailments caused by crown defects. They may vary in nature and scope. The severity will depend on the duration of the inflammatory process, and on whether the intervention of a specialist was performed in a timely manner. What are the most common dental diseases encountered in the practice of dentistry?
- Caries.
- Hypersthesia.
- Pathology of erasure of dental units.
- Wedge-shaped defect.
What symptoms should alert a person
Not all diseases signal their progression with pain. Experts warn the population that bleeding of mucous membranes should alert a person. If it is not caused by mechanical tissue damage, then you should consult a doctor. He will determine the cause and prescribe treatment.
Teeth sensitivity to changes in temperature, reaction to sweet or sour indicates the existence of a problem. In such cases, postponing a visit to the dentist is extremely unwise.
The formation of ulcers on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity indicates that he alth is at risk. A timely appeal to a specialist will solve the problem without wasting time, nerves and material resources.
Hypersthesia
This disease is characterized by increased sensitivity of hard tissues. Most often it is expressed in pain, which quickly passes. They are provoked by irritants such as temperature changes, contact with sour or sweet.
The causes of the disease are the consequences of caries, increased abrasion of bone tissue, wedge-shaped defect, erosion. The enamel prism becomes permeable. Irritants affect the pulp, making the tooth sensitive. Treatment is prescribed after establishing the cause of the disease
Dental diseases: caries
This is the most common ailment in the field of dentistry. Sooner or later affectsalmost every person. What you need to know about the disease?
Regardless of the location of the tooth, all types of caries go through 4 stages of development. In our medicine, it is customary to distinguish this type of disease depending on the degree of deepening of the destructive process in the tissue.
1. The appearance of white chalky stripes or spots is the first stage in the development of the disease. It is the easiest to treat. The disease is diagnosed by the presence of spots on the enamel. There is a pain reaction to sour and sweet stimuli, and to temperature changes. Unpleasant sensations quickly disappear when contact with them stops.
2. Medium caries is characterized by damage to the dentin. This is already a deeper layer of the dental unit. A cavity is visualized on the surface. Pain can be relieved most often by taking analgesics.
3. Dentitis is peripulpal - the lesion moves inward. Pain becomes more palpable. The transition of the disease to the fourth stage can be rapid.
4. Pulpitis is already a deep stage. The pulp is affected, which is permeated with nerve endings and blood vessels.
And these are far from the worst dental diseases, the photos of which are presented below.
Wedge-shaped defect
What is this? The disease is caused by the formation of a cavity in the neck of the tooth. The defect is wedge-shaped. The ailment is visualized in the form of the formation of a step on the enamel. The affected unit is prone to chipping. Sometimes the entire coronal part is destroyed. The most common cause ofthere is insufficient oral hygiene or, conversely, excessive mechanical action of the brush and toothpaste. Diseases of this kind are subject to treatment only at the initial stage of their occurrence. Dentists prescribe a remineralization procedure. In advanced cases, the affected part is removed and the unit is covered with a crown or veneer.
Pathology of hard tissue abrasion
Disease of non-carious etiology. Over time, the patient notices a significant decrease in the dental unit, due to rapid abrasion. This disease leads to early loss of hard tissues. In most cases, pathology is diagnosed on all teeth. In this regard, pointed areas appear along their edges. Accordingly, they injure the lips and mucous membranes in the oral cavity. With such a disease, it is very important to treat it in a timely manner. Otherwise, the patient is threatened with shortening of the dental units and the occurrence of defects in the lower facial region.
The manifestation of the disease can be triggered by overload, when not all units are present in the jaw arch. Also, experts call such reasons as malocclusion, marriage in the prosthesis, softness of bone tissue. Such dental diseases are treated by stabilizing the process and preventing their progress. Inlays and crowns are great for this purpose.
Most Common Gum and Oral Diseases
The body always signals a malfunction in the work of any organ. To begin with, let's talk about what diseases of the dental cavity are most often found in the dentalpractice.
Most often, patients suffer from soft tissue inflammation. The initial stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. Due to the progression of the disease and the failure to provide timely medical care, the disease passes into a new form. It's called periodontitis. And the final stage in this chain is periodontal disease. Below we will talk briefly about these ailments and the features of their course.
To frequent diseases of the oral cavity also include candidiasis. This is a fungal infection of the tissues. The disease is expressed in the form of the appearance of white plaque (spots), sores, vesicles in the region of the tongue, palate, gums, inner parts of the cheeks. If you find such rashes, you should immediately consult a doctor for help.
Gingivitis
Only a small number of people do not suffer from this disease (about 3%). The inflammatory process on the gum manifests itself in the form of its swelling, redness. Unpleasant sensations appear. The gums become vulnerable, bleed under mechanical action on them.
The cause of the disease is most often insufficient oral hygiene. Microbes remaining between the teeth quickly affect the gum tissue.
Treatment at the initial stage requires some effort. However, most often it gives the proper result. Therefore, it is extremely important not to start the disease, but when the first symptoms appear, rush to the doctor.
Periodontitis
This is an inflammatory process that involves the soft tissues surrounding the tooth, as well as ligaments and bone tissue. Unlike gingivitis, this disease is characterized by damage to deeperlayers. It also disrupts the blood supply. Tissue degeneration is often observed. Modern medicine can cope with the disease at its initial stage. But treatment requires some effort and patience.
And these are not the worst dental diseases. Symptoms of the disease are expressed in the spread of the focus of inflammation, the omission of the edge of the gums, bleeding, discomfort and smell. They are difficult to miss, which is why most patients seek help at this stage of the disease.
Dental Diseases: Periodontitis
This disease is non-inflammatory. In the course of its progression, the bone tissue surrounding the tooth is resorbed. This leads to the mobility of the jaw arch units. The disease is dangerous because it initially proceeds with virtually no symptoms. Bleeding gums disappear, there is no pain. The main alarm signal is the occurrence of an increased reaction to stimuli in the neck of the tooth. It mostly happens during meals.
What are the causes of the disease? It all starts with the formation of plaque, which leads to inflammation of the soft tissues. At the same time, there are a number of additional factors that give impetus to the development of periodontal disease. Dentists list the following reasons:
1. Hormonal changes.
2. Chronic diseases.
3. Diabetes.
4. Immunodeficiency.
5. Oncological diseases.
6. Taking certain medications.
7. Bad habits, etc.
The disease can pass in a sluggish mode for a long time, without causing any particular trouble to the patient. But then it progresses rapidly: the teeth become loose and may even fall out. At this stage, it is almost impossible to treat the disease with medication. Doctors provide comprehensive care. The patient is prescribed medication, professional hygiene procedures, and splinting of mobile units.
Prevention
Undoubtedly, if our population paid due attention to this moment, we would have much less dental disease. And then we would not have to spend our time, nerves and money on getting rid of them. At all times, doctors warned that the disease is easier to prevent. Therefore, in conclusion, I would like to draw your attention to a few simple recommendations. Dental disease prevention won't take much of your time.
It is enough to pay due attention to oral hygiene, monitor your diet and get rid of bad habits. And there is nothing burdensome in going to the dentist for a preventive examination. Since the disease can manifest itself within six months, it is enough to visit a doctor twice a year.
