Nephrotic syndrome is a condition that develops against a background of a variety of systemic, purulent, infectious, urological and metabolic ailments. This pathology complicates the process of kidney disease in about 20% of cases. The syndrome most often occurs in adulthood, usually between thirty and forty
years of a person's life. It is less common in childhood and in older people.
In the case of this disease, a classic set of symptoms is observed: the level of proteinuria is above 3.5 g / day, hypoproteinemia and albuminemia - less than 50 g / l, the amount of cholesterol - more than 6.5 mol / l, swelling. When the first and second manifestations are absent, the condition is called reduced (incomplete) nephrotic syndrome.
Factors contributing to the development of pathology
According to the method of origin, nephrotic syndrome is divided into primary, which complicates the course of independent kidney diseases, and secondary - a consequence of ailments that secondarily involve the mentioned organs in the process. The first type of pathology is often observed with pyelonephritis,amyloidosis, in pregnant women, with hypernephroma and some other ailments. Secondary nephrotic syndrome is a pathology that can be caused by a variety of conditions. These include:
- rheumatic lesions and collagenosis;
- periarteritis nodosa;
- hemorrhagic vasculitis;
- scleroderma;
- rheumatism;
- suppurative processes;
- diseases of the lymphatic system;
- parasitic and infectious diseases.
Nephrotic Syndrome: Diagnosis
Sometimes the pathology develops against the background of an allergic reaction to drugs, mercury vapor poisoning, insect bites or reptile bites. Occasionally, it is not possible to identify the cause of the disease (mainly in children), thus, an idiopathic form of the disease is distinguished.
The main ways to detect pathology are data obtained by clinical and laboratory studies of urine, blood (general and biochemical analysis). Nephrotic syndrome can be determined by an objective examination by a doctor. In this case, mother-of-pearl, pale, dry and cold to the touch areas of the skin, a characteristic plaque on the tongue, bloating, swelling and an enlarged liver are revealed.
Therapy
Treatment of nephrotic syndrome (including in children) is carried out only in a hospital under the strict supervision of a doctor. The main therapeutic measures in this case are limiting the use ofliquids, s alt-free diet, bed rest, medication use.
People suffering from nephrotic syndrome are prescribed drugs such as antibiotics and heparin, potassium and diuretics, antihistamines and cardiac substances, vitamins. In the case of an unexplained cause of the pathology, steroid therapy (prednisolone) is recommended. This makes it possible to suppress the formation of antibodies and improve blood flow and filtration in the kidneys. In case of infection, antibiotics are prescribed. During the remission of the disease, treatment is prescribed in the conditions of climatic specialized resorts.
