Smile brightens the face of every person. But even if it is perfect, just one white spot on the teeth can easily spoil the whole impression. Why do such defects occur in the oral cavity? What is the reason for their appearance? Is it possible to fight them somehow? These questions are asked by most people who have found similar changes in their teeth.
White spots: causes of appearance
He althy tooth enamel is usually light, with a slight pearly sheen, each person has its own unique shade. Appearing defects, expressed in the form of white (discolored) spots, are much lighter than the natural color of the enamel and therefore catches the eye. They can have a different shape, size and depth. May appear on one or several teeth at once.
Despite the fact that such manifestations (except for an aesthetic violation) do not cause any discomfort, they often indicate ill he alth caused by some pathologies. So it's not worth itPostpone visiting the dentist until seemingly harmless spots show up. After all, they are a signal of the beginning of the destruction of tooth enamel.
Tooth enamel
Typically, the surface of the tooth is smooth and glossy, reminiscent of porcelain. Acids secreted by pathogenic microorganisms, which are normally constantly present in the oral cavity of each person, can affect the enamel.
The destruction of the surface layer of the tooth does not occur instantly - it is a rather long process, so the formation of any changes a person does not immediately notice. White spots on the front teeth are striking, but the formation of foci of demineralization in other areas is not immediately noticed. Therefore, it is important to visit the dentist regularly in order to exclude the possibility of destruction of the hardest part of the human body.
Congenital and acquired pathologies of tooth enamel
It is important to divide such neoplasms into those that appeared from the moment when the tooth erupted, and spots that appeared at a later date. Very often, the causes of spots are congenital factors: a difficult mother's pregnancy, toxicosis, chronic diseases of the digestive system, prematurity.
The most common causes of white spots on a child's teeth are injuries. Bruising of milk teeth can provoke disturbances in the development of permanent enamel.
Similar abnormalities in the development of the layer covering the teeth usually appear in frequently ill children and children with weakened immune systems. Under the influence of some diseases,arising during the formation and mineralization of temporary or permanent teeth, enamel underdevelopment is obtained. In medicine, this phenomenon is called “hypoplasia.”
Spots that appear in children and adults may be due to excess fluoride in the body. Despite the fact that this substance is necessary to strengthen the enamel, in large quantities it acts toxic. This microelement is included in many pastes, therefore, in combination with fluoridated water, it can gradually accumulate in the body and provoke the formation of white spots on the teeth.
Such defects can also appear due to poor oral hygiene, as well as with prolonged use of orthopedic appliances.
Violations of the enamel layer can develop due to a lack of essential trace elements in the body. Calcium and vitamin D play an important role here. Stress and unstable psycho-emotional states, daily routine disorders, and malnutrition can also become factors provoking the appearance of white spots on the teeth.
The causes of such phenomena may be hidden in the formation of some pathological processes in the body. Therefore, if the tooth enamel begins to weaken, it is necessary to undergo an examination and pass the necessary tests.
Carious factors
Another cause of such defects can be caries. And although most often this disease appears in the form of dark spots, it is often accompanied by just such manifestations.
In fact, white spots on the teeth of a child oradult - these are demineralized areas of tooth enamel that have lost their luster. Most often they appear in the cervical region of the tooth and are accompanied by increased pain sensitivity. After a while, the affected area begins to darken. On examination, the dentist most often diagnoses caries.
How to get rid of white spots on teeth
It is almost impossible to independently establish the true cause of the appearance of stains - only a doctor can give an accurate assessment of the condition of the teeth, determine the causes of their appearance and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Therefore, if such a pathology is detected, it is necessary to seek professional help from a dentist. If the cause is caries, then it is necessary to cure the diseased tooth in order to save it.
How to cure hypoplasia
When it comes to hypoplasia of milk teeth, a special diet is prescribed, which includes a lot of calcium. Dental interventions in this case are symptomatic. Very often in such cases it is recommended to cover the enamel with special dental products or silvering the teeth. Such treatment of white spots on the teeth allows you to save them until the physiological change. Permanent teeth after such exposures, as a rule, grow he althy.
How to get rid of fluorosis
If a doctor diagnoses fluorosis, then first you need to adjust the diet and stop using toothpastes containing fluoride. Fish and spinach should be excluded from food.
In the initial stages of development, fluorosis can be cured. As a medical treatment and removal of white spots on the teeth, dentists use remineralization techniques using applications and electrophoresis. These procedures are carried out with drugs with complexes of substances of natural origin.
Improper care
Often such disorders occur as a result of orthopedic interventions. Braces attached to the teeth to correct the bite, or the use of special rings, can prevent saliva from wetting some areas of the tooth enamel. This can lead to natural remineralization.
Incorrect oral hygiene can also be the main reason for the development of pathogenic flora, leading to an aggressive attack of pathogenic bacteria on tooth enamel. In this case, use whitening toothpastes, which include calcium. They help to lighten teeth by several shades and even out the difference between the stain and the shade of the tooth enamel. As a result, the stain becomes less visible.
What to do when a white spot appears
When white spots appear, do not use aggressive products. The defect that has appeared is a sign of weakening of tooth enamel, for the restoration of which special means and careful attitude are needed.
Since one of the factors why white spots on the teeth formed for no apparent reason can be malnutrition, first of all, correction of the daily menu is necessary. The foods you eat should be richcalcium, magnesium and zinc.
Vitamin D promotes better absorption of calcium, so it should also be consumed in sufficient quantities when white spots appear on the teeth. Therefore, it is necessary to consume fish and seafood in large quantities. Any sweets and non-natural products must be excluded from the diet.
Dentistry: treatment options and regimens
The appearance of discolored or chalky spots on the teeth requires appropriate treatment, as they can not only become a noticeable cosmetic effect, but also provoke the formation of pits, grooves and depressions that darken over time.
Modern medicine offers many options for how to remove white spots on the teeth. This can be ozone therapy, fluoridation, mineralization, electrophoresis, etc. However, most experts believe that such methods eliminate only the consequences, and the true cause of the disease should be sought in the deterioration of general he alth.
Caries treatment
If caries is the cause of cosmetic defects, then it is necessary to clean the surface of the tooth and strengthen the enamel using fluoridation or the use of a calcium solution.
Tooth enamel fluoridation can be simple or deep. In the first case, a cap filled with fluorine-containing preparations is used or a brush is used to apply fluorine varnish. The main purpose of this procedure is to create a protective film on the surface of the tooth. The process of deep fluoridation involves the application of therapeuticpreparations in two layers: first, a fluorine-containing composition is applied, and then calcium hydroxide. These substances penetrate the tissue through the pores and seal them.
Tooth injury
If one or more teeth are slightly injured, they are treated with special compounds to strengthen the enamel. In cases of severe damage, tooth reconstruction is required. The filling will not only restore the chips, but also prevent further decay of the tooth.
Folk methods for treating white spots
Sweet and sour foods, when consumed in excess, destroy tooth enamel. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to observe elementary oral hygiene: brush your teeth twice a day and rinse your mouth after each meal. However, if there are white spots on the teeth, what should I do?
Many people use this recipe: mix two teaspoons of baking soda with one teaspoon of vinegar and the resulting paste brush your teeth twice a week. However, this method is aggressive to tooth enamel and is therefore not recommended by dentists.
The next method is to mix s alt and lemon juice (a few drops of lemon juice per teaspoon of s alt). It is believed that this allows not only to whiten the teeth, but also to eliminate inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Before using this technique, you should consult a dentist.
Many people use banana peel to mineralize tooth enamel. To do this, every time before hygienic cleaning, the teeth are wiped with the inside of the skin. Counts,that this method not only prevents the development of caries, but also whitens teeth.
Prevention of defect development
Discolored (white) spots can show up on canines, front teeth and posterior teeth. They may appear on the crown of the tooth or in the cervical region, and may vary in shape, texture and depth.
The nature of the formation of such disorders can be associated with both carious factors and the development of undesirable pathological processes in the body. A frequent cause of their formation is a lack of vitamins or an excess of fluoride in the body.
It can be very difficult to detect such spots on your own, and many people learn about the presence of such formations only when the disease is already manifesting itself. Therefore, the best prevention of their appearance and development is considered to be a timely visit to the dentist.
Important preventive measures in the fight against the appearance of stains are:
- Keeping good oral hygiene;
- balanced diet low in sugar and acids;
- regular intake of vitamin-mineral complexes.
Prevention and treatment of white spots from the point of view of dentistry is remineralization (for fluorosis), fluoridation and mineralization (for lack of essential minerals in tooth enamel), as well as silvering and ozone therapy (for the treatment of white spots).
