A person in a he althy state is characterized by mobility of the kidneys. Normally, it manifests itself to a small extent. However, if the displacement is greater than the length of one vertebra, then they speak of a pathological condition. Let's look at this violation in more detail.
Nephroptosis 1-2 degrees: general information
At the initial stage, the pathology is almost asymptomatic. As a rule, patients turn to a specialist when grade 2 kidney nephroptosis occurs. The third stage of the pathology begins when the organ "rolls out" from its stationary position at any position of the body. With an unfavorable outcome, the kidney may even "slide" into the small pelvis. Therapy should be started as early as possible.
Prevalence of pathology
The kidneys are characterized by a specific structure, especially the right one. She has much weaker ligaments. In this regard, nephroptosis of the 2nd degree on the right is often diagnosed. Pathology most often occurs in women. This is due to the fact that many of them devote a fairly long period in their lives to a variety of diets. And the kidneys are held in place by adipose tissue. Muscle tone is also important. Atfor women, it is significantly lower than for men.
Description of the disease
Renal nephroptosis is considered a rather dangerous pathology. In the process of movement, a displacement occurs from its bed, and the organ finds a new place. This area is significantly lower than normal.
First stage
Stage 1 nephroptosis appears for a variety of reasons. Among the provoking factors, experts note infectious lesions, a sharp uncontrolled weight loss that weakens the abdominal wall. In many patients, nephroptosis appears as a result of injuries. The pathological condition develops due to the formation of a hematoma in the upper part, which provokes the displacement of the organ from its normal position.
Among the first symptoms there is a slight soreness that increases over time. On examination, nephroptosis of the 1st degree is detected by palpation. In the process of inhalation, the lowered organ is well palpated. When exhaling, the kidney hides in the hypochondrium. It should be said that in patients in a he althy state, it is impossible to probe the kidney. It is extremely rare for an organ to be palpated in severely malnourished people, but at the same time he althy.
Second stage of pathology: clinical picture
As a rule, patients visit a doctor when the disease already has sufficiently pronounced symptoms. Nephroptosis of the right kidney of the 2nd degree is accompanied by aching (pulling) pain in the corresponding hypochondrium. The symptom occurs due to the omission of the organ by two vertebrae when takingvertical position of the body. If the patient lies down, the organ moves into place.
Nephroptosis of the 2nd degree is often accompanied by colic, a general deterioration in the condition. When urinating, blood may be found in the urine, especially after strenuous exercise. Soreness in the back extends to the abdomen. In this regard, nephroptosis of the 2nd degree is quite easy to confuse with attacks of appendicitis. Often, the pathology is accompanied by constipation and indigestion. Some patients have hyperthermia, decreased appetite, blanching of the skin. Also, the following symptoms may indicate grade 2 nephroptosis:
- Insomnia.
- Frequent pulse.
- Hysteria and anxiety.
- Apathy.
- Dizziness.
- Nausea.
All these symptoms may be signs of other diseases. In this regard, the hospital is conducting differential diagnosis.
Research methods
For an accurate diagnosis are assigned:
- Ultrasound of the kidneys.
- Blood test (general).
- Biochemical research.
- X-ray.
If there are difficulties in making a diagnosis, the specialist may prescribe additional measures - MRI and CT.
Causes of the disease
As mentioned above, pathology is considered more female than male. Among other things, the incidence of the disease in women is explained by a different constitution of the body. In particular, women have a widerpelvis In addition, they are more likely to develop certain disorders. For example, after a difficult birth or due to hormonal disruptions. During pregnancy, muscle tone is significantly reduced. This increases the risk of kidney displacement. Multiple pregnancies are especially dangerous.
Despite their internal location, the kidneys are very susceptible to injury. It only takes one awkward fall to damage the ligaments that hold the organs in place.
Pathology in the ligamentous apparatus of a congenital nature is also considered a sure sign of the development of the disease. However, in practice there are situations when the prolapse of an organ occurs for unclear reasons. In this case, it is believed that grade 2 nephroptosis is due to the patient's genetic predisposition.
What are the consequences of pathology?
Nephroptosis of the 2nd degree is dangerous due to the possibility of turning the organ around its axis. This is accompanied by kinking of the artery and vein. As a result, the lumen narrows, and the vessels themselves begin to stretch. This causes disturbances in the inflow and outflow of blood, which, in turn, provokes increased production of renin. This substance causes an increase in pressure.
Nephroptosis of the 2nd degree is accompanied by an inflection of the ureter. As a result, the outflow of urine becomes difficult. Pathogenic microorganisms begin to actively multiply in the stagnant liquid. They can provoke pyelonephritis. It also often causes the appearance of kidney stones. Such pathological processes can lead to adhesionsorgan capsules. As a result, the kidney occupies an incorrect anatomical position, therefore, fixed nephroptosis appears. During pregnancy, pathology can even cause a miscarriage.
Nephroptosis grade 2: treatment
Therapeutic interventions are chosen according to how endangered the patient's life is. The kidney can move to the most unpredictable area. However, this is not an indication for surgery. Patients who have stage 2 nephroptosis are diagnosed with complex treatment, as a rule. It involves taking medication and doing some exercises. Medicines are prescribed by a doctor, determining the scheme of their use individually. Exercise therapy is also indicated for nephroptosis of the 2nd degree. Exercises help strengthen the abdominal muscles. Classes help to fix the kidney in a normal position. Patients are also advised to wear a special bandage. It provides maintenance of the body, preventing it from "wandering". One of the therapeutic methods to alleviate the patient's condition is massage.
Surgery
It is prescribed if drug therapy and exercise therapy for grade 2 nephroptosis were ineffective. The operation will prevent the subsequent development of pathology. Today, interventions without incisions are almost universally performed. Incisions are made on the patient's body. Tools and a camera are inserted through them. By transmitting the image tomonitor, the specialist gets the opportunity to accurately carry out surgical manipulations and fix the organ in the desired position using tissues. Such surgery reduces the recovery period by several times and reduces the likelihood of complications.
Responsible period
Nephroptosis grade 2 is not considered a contraindication to pregnancy. Nevertheless, during gestation, women should carefully monitor their he alth and not ignore the doctor's recommendations. In case of even minor changes in the functioning of the body, it is necessary to contact a specialist.
