Treatment of acute orchiepididymitis is selected depending on the causes of its occurrence. This medical term means inflammation of the testicle, and in addition, its appendage. This is a very common disease that is associated with inflammation that occurs in the genitourinary system in the stronger sex. There are many factors that contribute to the development of this pathology. The main ones are all kinds of viruses, along with fungi and bacteria in active form. These include chlamydia with Trichomonas, gonococci and tubercle bacillus.
Disease classification
Depending on the nature of inflammatory processes in medicine, there is a specific and nonspecific form of acute orchiepididymitis. In a specific variant, the causative agents of tuberculosis, syphilis and brucellosis are the culprit in the development of inflammatory processes. In the event that the inflammation was caused by protozoan viruses and bacteria, for example, streptococcus,staphylococcus or Escherichia coli, then we are most likely talking about a non-specific variant of the disease.
Acute and chronic form
Inflammatory processes can occur in acute and chronic form. In the presence of acute orchiepididymitis on the left, the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves most clearly. At the same time, sharp pains are noted along with an increase in the size of the testicle, it can become dense and very tense. Often there may be an increase in temperature. The chronic form of pathology is characterized by a long course with periodic exacerbation. Next, acute orchiepididymitis will be discussed in detail.
Reason for development
The penetration of a pathogenic microorganism into the tissue of the testicles occurs during the transmission of infection from a sexual partner. Also, infection can be carried out from the focus of inflammation occurring in the body. The development of orchiepididymitis is observed in the presence of a large number of viruses or bacteria in the tissues. Provoking factors are considered to be a decrease in the defenses of the human body in infectious diseases, against the background of hypothermia and the use of alcohol or certain drugs. The causative agent of infection, as a rule, penetrates the testicular tissue with blood flow through the vas deferens.
The most common acute orchiepididymitis on the left. The inflammatory focus can be located directly in the seminal vesicles, within the prostate gland, in the urethra, in the intestines or kidneys. Inflammation promoted by surgeryalong with injuries, impaired innervation and blood supply. Infection sometimes occurs some time after surgery, which can be facilitated by improper care of the sutures.
What should be done in the postoperative period?
It is in connection with this that in the postoperative period it is necessary to do the following:
- Take antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Avoid strenuous exercise.
- Bandage in time.
Inflammatory secret as a cause of pathology
Inflammation, which has developed due to the vascularization of the organ and the emergence of an ideal environment for bacterial reproduction, has a pronounced character. Against the background of active reproduction of microorganisms in the glandular tissue, a significant amount of exudate is produced, which is an inflammatory fluid. It contains bacterial waste products and leukocytes, that is, cells that form in the body as a response to inflammation.
Due to the production of an inflammatory secretion, and in addition, due to the active life of bacteria, the glandular tissue is gradually replaced by connecting elements. Some types of parasitic agents can adapt to a long existence in the human body, in connection with this, orchiepididymitis can become chronic, against which periods of exacerbation will be replaced by lulls.
Asymptomatic
Signs of acute orchiepididymitis may not always be pronounced. Pathology can occur in people in an asymptomatic or subclinical format. However, this does not mean at all that the patient's inflammation is mild and can heal spontaneously. The chance of recovery is high only with proper treatment and further preventive measures.
Symptoms of disease
Acute orchiepididymitis on the right can be accompanied in men by pain in the affected area of the scrotum. In addition, patients may notice an increase in body temperature along with fever. Such signs appear, as a rule, unexpectedly and are observed for seven to ten days, after which, with proper treatment, they completely disappear.
In the absence of adequate therapy, the acute nature of orchiepididymitis usually becomes chronic. Pain in the scrotum increases with time, and in the later stages, swelling also appears. In the presence of an acute inflammatory process, tissue blood supply is disrupted. And the presence of constant irritation of nerve endings contributes to a significant increase in unpleasant symptoms.
Often, acute orchiepididymitis (according to ICD-10 - N 45) ends in men with the formation of a purulent abscess, which can give the most favorable prognosis. At the same time, the affected area of \u200b\u200bthe tissue is overgrown with a shell, and after that it dissolves. Against the background of the formation of an abscess, the clinical picture of the pathology becomes morenoticeable and pronounced. The pain syndrome becomes intense, and the temperature can rise to thirty-nine degrees. After a few days, the symptoms subside, and the patient's well-being soon improves. In the event of the first symptoms of inflammation of the testicle and epididymis, men need to urgently contact the attending urologist.
In acute right-sided orchiepididymitis, symptoms may also be associated with the presence of foci of infection in other organs of the genitourinary system. Such inflammation is characterized by slight pain in the affected area, aggravated by movement. The left, as well as the right, scrotum may increase in size, and painful swelling may occur.
In the presence of purulent forms of orchiepididymitis, suppuration occurs in patients, which leads to a change in testicular tissue. The prolonged course of the inflammatory process leads to a violation of the degree of patency of the vas deferens. Acute orchiepididymitis on the right side, as well as on the left, can lead to infertility.
The course of an acute process in rare cases can be asymptomatic, which is why it is simply impossible to detect and, therefore, cure the pathology in time. In other situations, the disease is characterized by a characteristic clinical picture, in which pain in the inguinal region is noted. In addition, there is a decrease in sexual desire along with discomfort during erection and signs of intoxication of the body. The composition of the seminal fluid may also change, for example, in itpurulent or bloody inclusions appear. The testis may become denser.
Diagnosis
Examination of the patient begins with an examination of the inguinal region and an analysis of the existing clinical symptoms. During palpation, as a rule, an increase in the scrotum is found along with pain of varying degrees. In addition, the patient may also have a hardening of the glandular tissue.
Before starting therapy, it is necessary to identify infectious agents, and in addition, to determine their sensitivity to drugs. For this, bacteriological studies of seminal fluid are carried out, and the secret of the urethra is also studied. If necessary, perform a puncture of the abscess, which allows you to establish the nature of the inflammation. Based on the result of these studies, a final diagnosis can be made.
Treatment
In acute orchiepididymitis in men on the right or left, treatment, as a rule, involves the use of an integrated approach. As part of therapy, the elimination of acute inflammatory processes is required. Treatment must be carried out in a hospital. Only in the chronic form, therapeutic measures can be carried out in the outpatient clinic. Therapy begins with the use of antibacterial drugs with a wide range of effects.
In the course of further treatment, they can be replaced by specific drugs. Anti-inflammatory drugs are also used in the treatment of this disease, which reduce the temperature and improve blood circulation in the area of the affected tissues. In the treatment of orchiepididymitisuse cephalosporins along with sulfonamides and macrolides. In the role of antipyretics and painkillers, drugs are used, for example, Analgin, Paracetamol and Aspirin.
Treatment of acute orchiepididymitis on the left involves the elimination of gonorrhea and chlamydia, if any are found in the patient. With trichomonas or gonococcal infections, it is necessary to carry out joint treatment of both sexual partners at once. Of course, it is recommended to abstain from sexual contact during this period. Accurate information about all contacts should be provided to the doctor as early as the first visit. The duration of the therapeutic course is determined individually in each situation, this is directly related to the different duration of the incubation period of the sexually transmitted infection. A follow-up medical examination is usually prescribed three months after the completion of treatment for acute orchiepididymitis on the right or left.
In most situations, a positive result is observed already on the third day of the use of drugs. In the event that the treatment is not effective enough, it is best to re-conduct an additional examination or adjust the therapeutic regimen. In some situations, the disappearance of the symptoms of the disease takes a little longer than usual. Complicated epididymitis is usually treated with surgery.
Recovery period
After acute orchiepididymitis in men subsides, patients are prescribedgo to physiotherapy procedures (we are talking about magnetotherapy, laser and electrotherapy). Attendance at these therapeutic procedures is required to restore the normal, and at the same time, he althy functioning of the testicle.
Urologist Tips
In order to eliminate the risks of developing the described disease, you should definitely follow a few simple medical recommendations. Considering that the most common cause of the development of such a disease as acute orchiepididymitis are infections that are transmitted through sexual contact, urologists recommend that men constantly use condoms.
In the event that a man has previously received an injury to the inguinal region, then you should not hesitate to contact a doctor for diagnosis. The scrotum should be protected not only from injury, but also from any hypothermia. Urologists also recommend men to wear underwear made from natural fabrics. It is also extremely important to treat existing pathologies of the genitourinary system in a timely manner in order to prevent the further development of certain complications.
